1 package edu.uci.iotproject.detection.layer3;
3 import edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.TriggerTrafficExtractor;
4 import edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.UserAction;
5 import edu.uci.iotproject.detection.AbstractClusterMatcher;
6 import edu.uci.iotproject.detection.ClusterMatcherObserver;
7 import edu.uci.iotproject.io.PcapHandleReader;
8 import edu.uci.iotproject.util.PcapPacketUtils;
9 import edu.uci.iotproject.util.PrintUtils;
10 import org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.AbstractRealDistribution;
11 import org.apache.commons.math3.distribution.NormalDistribution;
12 import org.jgrapht.GraphPath;
13 import org.jgrapht.alg.shortestpath.DijkstraShortestPath;
14 import org.jgrapht.graph.DefaultWeightedEdge;
15 import org.jgrapht.graph.SimpleDirectedWeightedGraph;
16 import org.pcap4j.core.*;
18 import java.time.Duration;
19 import java.time.ZoneId;
20 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
21 import java.time.format.FormatStyle;
23 import java.util.function.Consumer;
26 * Detects an event signature that spans one or multiple TCP connections.
28 * @author Janus Varmarken {@literal <jvarmark@uci.edu>}
29 * @author Rahmadi Trimananda {@literal <rtrimana@uci.edu>}
31 public class SignatureDetector implements PacketListener, ClusterMatcherObserver {
34 public static void main(String[] args) throws PcapNativeException, NotOpenException {
35 // if (args.length < 3) {
36 // String errMsg = String.format("Usage: %s inputPcapFile onSignatureFile offSignatureFile",
37 // SignatureDetector.class.getSimpleName());
38 // System.out.println(errMsg);
41 // final String inputPcapFile = args[0];
42 // final String onSignatureFile = args[1];
43 // final String offSignatureFile = args[2];
45 String path = "/scratch/July-2018"; // Rahmadi
46 // String path = "/Users/varmarken/temp/UCI IoT Project/experiments"; // Janus
47 // String path = "/home/jvarmark/iot_project/datasets"; // Hera (server)
48 // String path = "/raid/varmarken/iot_project/datasets"; // Zeus (server)
51 //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/no-activity/no-activity.wlan1.pcap";
53 // D-Link Siren experiment
54 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/dlink-siren/dlink-siren.data.wlan1.pcap";
55 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/dlink-siren/dlink-siren.eth0.local.pcap";
56 // D-Link Siren DEVICE signatures
57 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/onSignature-DLink-Siren-device.sig";
58 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/offSignature-DLink-Siren-device.sig";
59 // D-Link Siren PHONE signatures
60 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/onSignature-DLink-Siren-phone.sig";
61 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/offSignature-DLink-Siren-phone.sig";
62 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 19, 2018
63 // Hue Bulb experiment
64 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/hue-bulb/hue-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
65 // Hue Bulb PHONE signatures
66 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/hue-bulb/signatures/hue-bulb-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
67 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/hue-bulb/signatures/hue-bulb-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
70 // Kwikset Doorlock Sep 12 experiment
71 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock.data.wlan1.pcap";
72 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock.data.eth0.pcap";
73 // // Kwikset Doorlock PHONE signatures
74 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/onSignature-Kwikset-Doorlock-phone-new.sig";
75 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/offSignature-Kwikset-Doorlock-phone-new.sig";
78 // D-Link Plug experiment
79 //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/dlink/dlink-plug.data.wlan1.pcap";
80 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/dlink/dlink-plug.data.eth0.pcap";
82 // D-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
83 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/onSignature-DLink-Plug-device.sig";
84 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature-DLink-Plug-device.sig";
85 // D-Link Plug PHONE signatures
86 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/onSignature-DLink-Plug-phone.sig";
87 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature-DLink-Plug-phone.sig";
89 // TODO: The following are negative tests against the PCAP file from UNSW
90 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-04.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken! Zero-payload!
91 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-12.pcap";
93 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-28.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken! Zero-payload!
94 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-02.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
95 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-03.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
96 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-04-a.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken! Zero-payload!
97 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-04-b.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken! Zero-payload!
98 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-07.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
99 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-08.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
100 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-09.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
101 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-10.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
102 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-11.pcap"; // TODO: Seems to be broken!
103 // TODO: The following one is very long!!! - Split into smaller files!
104 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-12-a.pcap";
105 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-12-b.pcap";
106 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-12-c.pcap";
107 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-12-d.pcap";
109 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-23.pcap";
110 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-24.pcap";
111 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-25.pcap";
112 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-26.pcap";
113 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-27.pcap";
114 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-09-29.pcap";
115 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-01.pcap";
116 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/UNSW/16-10-06.pcap";
117 // Negative test: dataset from UNB
118 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/negative-datasets/UNB/Monday-WorkingHours_one-local-endpoint-001.pcap";
120 // TODO: The following are tests for signatures against training data
122 // TODO: D-LINK PLUG experiment
123 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/dlink-plug/wlan1/dlink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
124 // D-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
125 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
126 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
127 // D-Link Plug PHONE signatures
128 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
129 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
131 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 7, 2018
132 // D-Link Plug experiment
133 // //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/wlan1/dlink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
134 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/dlink-plug/wlan1/dlink-plug.wlan1.detection.pcap";
135 // //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/dlink-plug/eth0/dlink-plug.eth0.detection.pcap";
136 // // D-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
137 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
138 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
139 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/analysis/dlink-plug-onClusters-device-side.cls";
140 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/analysis/dlink-plug-offClusters-device-side.cls";
141 // D-Link Plug PHONE signatures
142 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
143 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/signatures/dlink-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
144 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/analysis/dlink-plug-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
145 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/analysis/dlink-plug-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
147 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 9, 2018
148 // TODO: D-LINK SIREN experiment
149 //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/wlan1/dlink-siren.wlan1.local.pcap";
150 //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/dlink-siren/wlan1/dlink-siren.wlan1.detection.pcap";
151 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/dlink-siren/eth0/dlink-siren.eth0.detection.pcap";
152 // // D-Link Siren DEVICE signatures
153 // // TODO: The device signature does not have pairs---only one packet which is 216, so we don't consider this as a signature
154 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/signatures/dlink-siren-onSignature-device-side.sig";
155 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/signatures/dlink-siren-offSignature-device-side.sig";
156 // D-Link Siren PHONE signatures
157 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/signatures/dlink-siren-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
158 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/signatures/dlink-siren-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
159 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/signatures/dlink-siren/dlink-siren-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
160 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/signatures/dlink-siren/dlink-siren-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
161 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/analysis/dlink-siren-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
162 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/analysis/dlink-siren-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
164 // TODO: TP-LINK PLUG experiment
165 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/tplink-plug/wlan1/tplink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
166 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/wifi-Sniffer/tests2/airtool_2019-01-04_11.08.45.AM.pcap";
167 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/wifi-Sniffer/tests2/command-frames-only.pcap";
168 // // TP-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
169 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
170 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
171 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 8, 2018
172 // TP-Link Plug experiment
173 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/wlan1/tplink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
174 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/eth0/tplink-plug.eth0.local.pcap";
175 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/tplink-plug/wlan1/tplink-plug.wlan1.detection.pcap";
176 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/tplink-plug/eth0/tplink-plug.eth0.detection.pcap";
177 //// // TP-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
178 //// final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
179 //// final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
180 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-onSignature-device-side-outbound.sig";
181 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-offSignature-device-side-outbound.sig";
182 // // TP-Link Plug PHONE signatures
183 //// final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
184 //// final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/signatures/tplink-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
185 // // TP-Link Plug cluster analyses
186 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/analysis/tplink-plug-onClusters.cls";
187 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/analysis/tplink-plug-offClusters.cls";
189 // Amazon Alexa experiment
190 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/amazon-alexa/wlan1/alexa2.wlan1.local.pcap";
191 // // TP-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
192 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/amazon-alexa/signatures/amazon-alexa-onSignature-device-side.sig";
193 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/amazon-alexa/signatures/amazon-alexa-offSignature-device-side.sig";
195 // TODO: KWIKSET DOORLOCK Sep 12 experiment
196 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset3.wlan1.local.pcap";
197 // // Kwikset Doorlock PHONE signatures
198 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/onSignature-Kwikset-Doorlock-phone.sig";
199 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/offSignature-Kwikset-Doorlock-phone.sig";
200 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 10, 2018
201 // Kwikset Door lock experiment
202 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/wlan1/kwikset-doorlock.wlan1.local.pcap";
203 //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/kwikset-doorlock/wlan1/kwikset-doorlock.wlan1.detection.pcap";
204 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/kwikset-doorlock/eth0/kwikset-doorlock.eth0.detection.pcap";
205 // // Kwikset Door lock PHONE signatures
206 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/signatures/kwikset-doorlock-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
207 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/signatures/kwikset-doorlock-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
208 //// final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/signatures/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
209 //// final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/signatures/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
210 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/analysis/kwikset-doorlock-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
211 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/analysis/kwikset-doorlock-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
213 // TODO: SMARTTHINGS PLUG experiment
214 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/st-plug/wlan1/st-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
215 // // SmartThings Plug DEVICE signatures
216 // //final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/st-plug/signatures/st-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
217 // //final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/st-plug/signatures/st-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
218 // // SmartThings Plug PHONE signatures
219 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/st-plug/signatures/st-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
220 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/st-plug/signatures/st-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
221 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 12, 2018
222 // SmartThings Plug experiment
223 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/st-plug/wlan1/st-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
224 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/st-plug/eth0/st-plug.eth0.local.pcap";
225 // //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/st-plug/wlan1/st-plug.wlan1.detection.pcap";
226 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/st-plug/eth0/st-plug.eth0.detection.pcap";
227 //// // SmartThings Plug PHONE signatures
228 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/st-plug/signatures/st-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
229 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/st-plug/signatures/st-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
230 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/signatures/st-plug/st-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
231 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/signatures/st-plug/st-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
232 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/st-plug/analysis/st-plug-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
233 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/st-plug/analysis/st-plug-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
235 // TODO: ARLO CAMERA experiment
236 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/arlo-camera/wlan1/arlo-camera.wlan1.local.pcap";
237 //// // TP-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
238 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/arlo-camera/signatures/arlo-camera-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
239 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/arlo-camera/signatures/arlo-camera-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
240 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 13, 2018
241 // Arlo Camera experiment
242 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/wlan1/arlo-camera.wlan1.local.pcap";
243 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/eth0/arlo-camera.eth0.local.pcap";
244 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/arlo-camera/wlan1/arlo-camera.wlan1.detection.pcap";
245 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/arlo-camera/eth0/arlo-camera.eth0.detection.pcap";
246 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/arlo-camera/eth0/arlo-camera.eth0.local.pcap";
247 // Arlo Camera PHONE signatures
248 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/signatures/arlo-camera-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
249 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/signatures/arlo-camera-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
250 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/signatures/arlo-camera-onSignature-phone-side.sig.complete";
251 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/signatures/arlo-camera-offSignature-phone-side.sig.complete";
252 final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/analysis/arlo-camera-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
253 final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/arlo-camera/analysis/arlo-camera-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
255 // TODO: NEST THERMOSTAT experiment
256 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/nest-thermostat/wlan1/nest-thermostat.wlan1.local.pcap";
257 // // Nest Thermostat DEVICE signatures
258 //// final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/nest-thermostat/signatures/nest-thermostat-onSignature-device-side.sig";
259 //// final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/nest-thermostat/signatures/nest-thermostat-offSignature-device-side.sig";
260 // // Nest Thermostat PHONE signatures
261 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/nest-thermostat/signatures/nest-thermostat-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
262 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/nest-thermostat/signatures/nest-thermostat-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
263 // // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 15, 2018
264 // Nest Thermostat experiment
265 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/nest-thermostat/wlan1/nest-thermostat.wlan1.local.pcap";
266 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/nest-thermostat/eth0/nest-thermostat.eth0.local.pcap";
267 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/nest-thermostat/wlan1/nest-thermostat.wlan1.detection.pcap";
268 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/nest-thermostat/eth0/nest-thermostat.eth0.detection.pcap";
269 //// // Nest Thermostat PHONE signatures
270 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/nest-thermostat/signatures/nest-thermostat-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
271 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/nest-thermostat/signatures/nest-thermostat-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
272 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/nest-thermostat/analysis/nest-thermostat-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
273 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/nest-thermostat/analysis/nest-thermostat-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
275 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - January 9, 2018
276 // TODO: BLOSSOM SPRINKLER experiment
277 // Blossom Sprinkler experiment
278 // //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/blossom-sprinkler/wlan1/blossom-sprinkler.wlan1.local.pcap";
279 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/blossom/blossom.wlan1.local.pcap";
280 // //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/blossom-sprinkler/eth0/blossom-sprinkler.eth0.local.pcap";
281 // // Blossom Sprinkler DEVICE signatures
282 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/blossom-sprinkler/signatures/blossom-sprinkler-onSignature-device-side.sig";
283 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/blossom-sprinkler/signatures/blossom-sprinkler-offSignature-device-side.sig";
285 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/wlan1/blossom-sprinkler.wlan1.local.pcap";
286 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/blossom-sprinkler/eth0/blossom-sprinkler.eth0.detection.pcap";
287 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/blossom-sprinkler/wlan1/blossom-sprinkler.wlan1.detection.pcap";
288 // // Blossom Sprinkler DEVICE signatures
289 //// final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/signatures/blossom-sprinkler-onSignature-device-side.sig";
290 //// final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/signatures/blossom-sprinkler-offSignature-device-side.sig";
291 //// final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/analysis/blossom-sprinkler-onClusters-device-side.cls";
292 //// final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/analysis/blossom-sprinkler-offClusters-device-side.cls";
293 // // Blossom Sprinkler PHONE signatures
294 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/signatures/blossom-sprinkler-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
295 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/signatures/blossom-sprinkler-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
296 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/analysis/blossom-sprinkler-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
297 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/blossom-sprinkler/analysis/blossom-sprinkler-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
299 // LiFX Bulb experiment
300 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/lifx-bulb/wlan1/lifx-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
301 // // LiFX Bulb DEVICE signatures
302 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/lifx-bulb/signatures/lifx-bulb-onSignature-device-side.sig";
303 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/lifx-bulb/signatures/lifx-bulb-offSignature-device-side.sig";
304 // LiFX Bulb PHONE signatures
305 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/lifx-bulb/signatures/lifx-bulb-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
306 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/lifx-bulb/signatures/lifx-bulb-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
309 // Hue Bulb experiment
310 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/hue-bulb/wlan1/hue-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
311 // Hue Bulb PHONE signatures
312 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/hue-bulb/signatures/hue-bulb-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
313 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/hue-bulb/signatures/hue-bulb-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
316 // TODO: TP-LINK BULB experiment
317 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/tplink-bulb/wlan1/tplink-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
318 // // TP-Link Bulb PHONE signatures
319 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/tplink-bulb/signatures/tplink-bulb-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
320 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/tplink-bulb/signatures/tplink-bulb-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
321 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 16, 2018
322 // TP-Link Bulb experiment
323 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-bulb/wlan1/tplink-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
324 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-bulb/eth0/tplink-bulb.eth0.local.pcap";
325 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/tplink-bulb/wlan1/tplink-bulb.wlan1.detection.pcap";
326 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/tplink-bulb/eth0/tplink-bulb.eth0.detection.pcap";
327 // // TP-Link Bulb PHONE signatures
328 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-bulb/signatures/tplink-bulb-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
329 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-bulb/signatures/tplink-bulb-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
330 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-bulb/analysis/tplink-bulb-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
331 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-bulb/analysis/tplink-bulb-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
333 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 20, 2018
334 // TODO: WEMO PLUG experiment
335 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-plug/wlan1/wemo-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
336 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-plug/eth0/wemo-plug.eth0.local.pcap";
337 // TODO: WE HAVE 4 ADDITIONAL EVENTS (TRIGGERED MANUALLY), SO WE JUST IGNORE THEM BECAUSE THEY HAPPENED BEFORE
338 // TODO: THE ACTUAL TRIGGERS
339 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/wemo-plug/wlan1/wemo-plug.wlan1.detection.pcap";
340 //// final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/wemo-plug/eth0/wemo-plug.eth0.detection.pcap";
341 // // WeMo Plug PHONE signatures
342 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-plug/signatures/wemo-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
343 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-plug/signatures/wemo-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
344 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-plug/analysis/wemo-plug-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
345 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-plug/analysis/wemo-plug-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
347 // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 21, 2018
348 // TODO: WEMO INSIGHT Plug experiment
349 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-insight-plug/wlan1/wemo-insight-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
350 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-insight-plug/eth0/wemo-insight-plug.eth0.local.pcap";
351 // TODO: WE HAVE 1 ADDITIONAL EVENT (FROM WEMO PLUG)
352 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/wemo-insight-plug/wlan1/wemo-insight-plug.wlan1.detection.pcap";
353 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/smarthome/wemo-insight-plug/eth0/wemo-insight-plug.eth0.detection.pcap";
354 // WeMo Insight Plug PHONE signatures
355 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-insight-plug/signatures/wemo-insight-plug-onSignature-phone-side.sig";
356 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-insight-plug/signatures/wemo-insight-plug-offSignature-phone-side.sig";
357 // final String onClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-insight-plug/analysis/wemo-insight-plug-onClusters-phone-side.cls";
358 // final String offClusterAnalysisFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/wemo-insight-plug/analysis/wemo-insight-plug-offClusters-phone-side.cls";
362 // WeMo Plug experiment
363 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/wemo-plug/wlan1/wemo-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
364 // WeMo Plug PHONE signatures
365 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/wemo-plug/signatures/wemo-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
366 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/wemo-plug/signatures/wemo-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
367 // WeMo Insight Plug experiment
368 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/training/wemo-insight-plug/wlan1/wemo-insight-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
369 // WeMo Insight Plug PHONE signatures
370 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/training/wemo-insight-plug/signatures/wemo-insight-plug-onSignature-device-side.sig";
371 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/training/wemo-insight-plug/signatures/wemo-insight-plug-offSignature-device-side.sig";
374 // D-Link Siren experiment
375 // final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/dlink-siren.wlan1.local.pcap";
376 // D-Link Siren DEVICE signatures
377 //final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/onSignature-DLink-Siren-device.sig";
378 //final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/offSignature-DLink-Siren-device.sig";
379 // D-Link Siren PHONE signatures
380 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/onSignature-DLink-Siren-phone.sig";
381 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/offSignature-DLink-Siren-phone.sig";
384 // Output file names used (to make it easy to catch if one forgets to change them)
385 System.out.println("ON signature file in use is " + onSignatureFile);
386 System.out.println("OFF signature file in use is " + offSignatureFile);
387 System.out.println("PCAP file that is the target of detection is " + inputPcapFile);
390 // TODO: This would be specified through command line option
393 List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> onSignature = PrintUtils.deserializeFromFile(onSignatureFile);
394 List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> offSignature = PrintUtils.deserializeFromFile(offSignatureFile);
395 // Load signature analyses
396 List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> onClusterAnalysis = PrintUtils.deserializeFromFile(onClusterAnalysisFile);
397 List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> offClusterAnalysis = PrintUtils.deserializeFromFile(offClusterAnalysisFile);
399 // TODO: FOR NOW WE DECIDE PER SIGNATURE AND THEN WE OR THE BOOLEANS
400 // TODO: SINCE WE ONLY HAVE 2 SIGNATURES FOR NOW (ON AND OFF), THEN IT IS USUALLY EITHER RANGE-BASED OR
401 // TODO: STRICT MATCHING
402 // Check if we should use range-based matching
403 boolean isRangeBasedForOn = PcapPacketUtils.isRangeBasedMatching(onSignature, eps, offSignature);
404 boolean isRangeBasedForOff = PcapPacketUtils.isRangeBasedMatching(offSignature, eps, onSignature);
405 // Update the signature with ranges if it is range-based
406 if (isRangeBasedForOn && isRangeBasedForOff) {
407 onSignature = PcapPacketUtils.useRangeBasedMatching(onSignature, onClusterAnalysis);
408 offSignature = PcapPacketUtils.useRangeBasedMatching(offSignature, offClusterAnalysis);
412 // SignatureDetector onDetector = new SignatureDetector(onSignature, null);
413 // SignatureDetector offDetector = new SignatureDetector(offSignature, null);
415 SignatureDetector onDetector = new SignatureDetector(onSignature, "128.195.205.105",
416 0, isRangeBasedForOn, eps);
417 SignatureDetector offDetector = new SignatureDetector(offSignature, "128.195.205.105",
418 0, isRangeBasedForOff, eps);
420 final DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM).
421 withLocale(Locale.US).withZone(ZoneId.of("America/Los_Angeles"));
423 // Outputs information about a detected event to std.out
424 final Consumer<UserAction> outputter = ua -> {
425 String eventDescription;
426 switch (ua.getType()) {
428 eventDescription = "ON";
431 eventDescription = "OFF";
434 throw new AssertionError("unhandled event type");
436 //String output = String.format("[ !!! %s SIGNATURE DETECTED at %s !!! ]",
437 // eventDescription, dateTimeFormatter.format(ua.getTimestamp()));
438 String output = String.format("%s",
439 dateTimeFormatter.format(ua.getTimestamp()));
440 System.out.println(output);
443 // Let's create observers that construct a UserAction representing the detected event.
444 final List<UserAction> detectedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
445 onDetector.addObserver((searched, match) -> {
446 PcapPacket firstPkt = match.get(0).get(0);
447 detectedEvents.add(new UserAction(UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_ON, firstPkt.getTimestamp()));
449 offDetector.addObserver((searched, match) -> {
450 PcapPacket firstPkt = match.get(0).get(0);
451 detectedEvents.add(new UserAction(UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_OFF, firstPkt.getTimestamp()));
456 handle = Pcaps.openOffline(inputPcapFile, PcapHandle.TimestampPrecision.NANO);
457 } catch (PcapNativeException pne) {
458 handle = Pcaps.openOffline(inputPcapFile);
460 PcapHandleReader reader = new PcapHandleReader(handle, p -> true, onDetector, offDetector);
461 reader.readFromHandle();
463 // TODO: need a better way of triggering detection than this...
464 if (isRangeBasedForOn && isRangeBasedForOff) {
465 onDetector.mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.performDetectionRangeBased());
466 offDetector.mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.performDetectionRangeBased());
468 onDetector.mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.performDetectionConservative());
469 offDetector.mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.performDetectionConservative());
472 // Sort the list of detected events by timestamp to make it easier to compare it line-by-line with the trigger
474 Collections.sort(detectedEvents, Comparator.comparing(UserAction::getTimestamp));
476 // Output the detected events
477 detectedEvents.forEach(outputter);
479 System.out.println("Number of detected events of type " + UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_ON + ": " +
480 detectedEvents.stream().filter(ua -> ua.getType() == UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_ON).count());
481 System.out.println("Number of detected events of type " + UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_OFF + ": " +
482 detectedEvents.stream().filter(ua -> ua.getType() == UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_OFF).count());
484 // TODO: Temporary clean up until we clean the pipeline
485 // List<UserAction> cleanedDetectedEvents = SignatureDetector.removeDuplicates(detectedEvents);
486 // cleanedDetectedEvents.forEach(outputter);
490 * The signature that this {@link SignatureDetector} is searching for.
492 private final List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> mSignature;
495 * The {@link Layer3ClusterMatcher}s in charge of detecting each individual sequence of packets that together make up the
498 private final List<Layer3ClusterMatcher> mClusterMatchers;
501 * For each {@code i} ({@code i >= 0 && i < pendingMatches.length}), {@code pendingMatches[i]} holds the matches
502 * found by the {@link Layer3ClusterMatcher} at {@code mClusterMatchers.get(i)} that have yet to be "consumed", i.e.,
503 * have yet to be included in a signature detected by this {@link SignatureDetector} (a signature can be encompassed
504 * of multiple packet sequences occurring shortly after one another on multiple connections).
506 private final List<List<PcapPacket>>[] pendingMatches;
509 * Maps a {@link Layer3ClusterMatcher} to its corresponding index in {@link #pendingMatches}.
511 private final Map<Layer3ClusterMatcher, Integer> mClusterMatcherIds;
513 private final List<SignatureDetectionObserver> mObservers = new ArrayList<>();
515 private int mInclusionTimeMillis;
518 * Remove duplicates in {@code List} of {@code UserAction} objects. We need to clean this up for user actions
519 * that appear multiple times.
520 * TODO: This static method is probably just for temporary and we could get rid of this after we clean up
523 * @param listUserAction A {@link List} of {@code UserAction}.
526 public static List<UserAction> removeDuplicates(List<UserAction> listUserAction) {
528 // Iterate and check for duplicates (check timestamps)
529 Set<Long> epochSecondSet = new HashSet<>();
530 // Create a target list for cleaned up list
531 List<UserAction> listUserActionClean = new ArrayList<>();
532 for(UserAction userAction : listUserAction) {
533 // Don't insert if any duplicate is found
534 if(!epochSecondSet.contains(userAction.getTimestamp().getEpochSecond())) {
535 listUserActionClean.add(userAction);
536 epochSecondSet.add(userAction.getTimestamp().getEpochSecond());
539 return listUserActionClean;
542 public SignatureDetector(List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> searchedSignature, String routerWanIp,
543 int inclusionTimeMillis, boolean isRangeBased, double eps) {
544 // note: doesn't protect inner lists from changes :'(
545 mSignature = Collections.unmodifiableList(searchedSignature);
546 // Generate corresponding/appropriate ClusterMatchers based on the provided signature
547 List<Layer3ClusterMatcher> clusterMatchers = new ArrayList<>();
548 for (List<List<PcapPacket>> cluster : mSignature) {
549 clusterMatchers.add(new Layer3ClusterMatcher(cluster, routerWanIp, isRangeBased, eps, this));
551 mClusterMatchers = Collections.unmodifiableList(clusterMatchers);
554 pendingMatches = new List[mClusterMatchers.size()];
555 for (int i = 0; i < pendingMatches.length; i++) {
556 pendingMatches[i] = new ArrayList<>();
558 Map<Layer3ClusterMatcher, Integer> clusterMatcherIds = new HashMap<>();
559 for (int i = 0; i < mClusterMatchers.size(); i++) {
560 clusterMatcherIds.put(mClusterMatchers.get(i), i);
562 mClusterMatcherIds = Collections.unmodifiableMap(clusterMatcherIds);
563 mInclusionTimeMillis =
564 inclusionTimeMillis == 0 ? TriggerTrafficExtractor.INCLUSION_WINDOW_MILLIS : inclusionTimeMillis;
567 public void addObserver(SignatureDetectionObserver observer) {
568 mObservers.add(observer);
571 public boolean removeObserver(SignatureDetectionObserver observer) {
572 return mObservers.remove(observer);
576 public void gotPacket(PcapPacket packet) {
577 // simply delegate packet reception to all ClusterMatchers.
578 mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.gotPacket(packet));
582 public void onMatch(AbstractClusterMatcher clusterMatcher, List<PcapPacket> match) {
583 // Add the match at the corresponding index
584 pendingMatches[mClusterMatcherIds.get(clusterMatcher)].add(match);
585 checkSignatureMatch();
588 private void checkSignatureMatch() {
589 // << Graph-based approach using Balint's idea. >>
590 // This implementation assumes that the packets in the inner lists (the sequences) are ordered by asc timestamp.
592 // There cannot be a signature match until each Layer3ClusterMatcher has found a match of its respective sequence.
593 if (Arrays.stream(pendingMatches).noneMatch(l -> l.isEmpty())) {
595 final SimpleDirectedWeightedGraph<Vertex, DefaultWeightedEdge> graph =
596 new SimpleDirectedWeightedGraph<>(DefaultWeightedEdge.class);
597 // Add a vertex for each match found by all ClusterMatchers
598 // And maintain an array to keep track of what cluster matcher each vertex corresponds to
599 final List<Vertex>[] vertices = new List[pendingMatches.length];
600 for (int i = 0; i < pendingMatches.length; i++) {
601 vertices[i] = new ArrayList<>();
602 for (List<PcapPacket> sequence : pendingMatches[i]) {
603 Vertex v = new Vertex(sequence);
604 vertices[i].add(v); // retain reference for later when we are to add edges
605 graph.addVertex(v); // add to vertex to graph
608 // Add dummy source and sink vertices to facilitate search.
609 final Vertex source = new Vertex(null);
610 final Vertex sink = new Vertex(null);
611 graph.addVertex(source);
612 graph.addVertex(sink);
613 // The source is connected to all vertices that wrap the sequences detected by Layer3ClusterMatcher at index 0.
614 // Note: zero cost edges as this is just a dummy link to facilitate search from a common start node.
615 for (Vertex v : vertices[0]) {
616 DefaultWeightedEdge edge = graph.addEdge(source, v);
617 graph.setEdgeWeight(edge, 0.0);
619 // Similarly, all vertices that wrap the sequences detected by the last Layer3ClusterMatcher of the signature
620 // are connected to the sink node.
621 for (Vertex v : vertices[vertices.length-1]) {
622 DefaultWeightedEdge edge = graph.addEdge(v, sink);
623 graph.setEdgeWeight(edge, 0.0);
625 // Now link sequences detected by Layer3ClusterMatcher at index i to sequences detected by Layer3ClusterMatcher at index
626 // i+1 if they obey the timestamp constraint (i.e., that the latter is later in time than the former).
627 for (int i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) {
629 if (j < vertices.length) {
630 for (Vertex iv : vertices[i]) {
631 PcapPacket ivLast = iv.sequence.get(iv.sequence.size()-1);
632 for (Vertex jv : vertices[j]) {
633 PcapPacket jvFirst = jv.sequence.get(jv.sequence.size()-1);
634 if (ivLast.getTimestamp().isBefore(jvFirst.getTimestamp())) {
635 DefaultWeightedEdge edge = graph.addEdge(iv, jv);
636 // The weight is the duration of the i'th sequence plus the duration between the i'th
637 // and i+1'th sequence.
638 Duration d = Duration.
639 between(iv.sequence.get(0).getTimestamp(), jvFirst.getTimestamp());
640 // Unfortunately weights are double values, so must convert from long to double.
641 // TODO: need nano second precision? If so, use d.toNanos().
642 // TODO: risk of overflow when converting from long to double..?
643 graph.setEdgeWeight(edge, Long.valueOf(d.toMillis()).doubleValue());
645 // Alternative version if we cannot assume that sequences are ordered by timestamp:
646 // if (iv.sequence.stream().max(Comparator.comparing(PcapPacket::getTimestamp)).get()
647 // .getTimestamp().isBefore(jv.sequence.stream().min(
648 // Comparator.comparing(PcapPacket::getTimestamp)).get().getTimestamp())) {
655 // Graph construction complete, run shortest-path to find a (potential) signature match.
656 DijkstraShortestPath<Vertex, DefaultWeightedEdge> dijkstra = new DijkstraShortestPath<>(graph);
657 GraphPath<Vertex, DefaultWeightedEdge> shortestPath = dijkstra.getPath(source, sink);
658 if (shortestPath != null) {
659 // The total weight is the duration between the first packet of the first sequence and the last packet
660 // of the last sequence, so we simply have to compare the weight against the timeframe that we allow
661 // the signature to span. For now we just use the inclusion window we defined for training purposes.
662 // Note however, that we must convert back from double to long as the weight is stored as a double in
664 if (((long)shortestPath.getWeight()) < mInclusionTimeMillis) {
665 // There's a signature match!
666 // Extract the match from the vertices
667 List<List<PcapPacket>> signatureMatch = new ArrayList<>();
668 for(Vertex v : shortestPath.getVertexList()) {
669 if (v == source || v == sink) {
670 // Skip the dummy source and sink nodes.
673 signatureMatch.add(v.sequence);
674 // As there is a one-to-one correspondence between vertices[] and pendingMatches[], we know that
675 // the sequence we've "consumed" for index i of the matched signature is also at index i in
676 // pendingMatches. We must remove it from pendingMatches so that we don't use it to construct
677 // another signature match in a later call.
678 pendingMatches[signatureMatch.size()-1].remove(v.sequence);
680 // Declare success: notify observers
681 mObservers.forEach(obs -> obs.onSignatureDetected(mSignature,
682 Collections.unmodifiableList(signatureMatch)));
689 * Used for registering for notifications of signatures detected by a {@link SignatureDetector}.
691 interface SignatureDetectionObserver {
694 * Invoked when the {@link SignatureDetector} detects the presence of a signature in the traffic that it's
696 * @param searchedSignature The signature that the {@link SignatureDetector} reporting the match is searching
698 * @param matchingTraffic The actual traffic trace that matches the searched signature.
700 void onSignatureDetected(List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> searchedSignature,
701 List<List<PcapPacket>> matchingTraffic);
705 * Encapsulates a {@code List<PcapPacket>} so as to allow the list to be used as a vertex in a graph while avoiding
706 * the expensive {@link AbstractList#equals(Object)} calls when adding vertices to the graph.
707 * Using this wrapper makes the incurred {@code equals(Object)} calls delegate to {@link Object#equals(Object)}
708 * instead of {@link AbstractList#equals(Object)}. The net effect is a faster implementation, but the graph will not
709 * recognize two lists that contain the same items--from a value and not reference point of view--as the same
710 * vertex. However, this is fine for our purposes -- in fact restricting it to reference equality seems more
713 private static class Vertex {
714 private final List<PcapPacket> sequence;
715 private Vertex(List<PcapPacket> wrappedSequence) {
716 sequence = wrappedSequence;