Checking in new code for signature generation; Arlo has a signature for camera on...

[pingpong.git] / Code / Projects / SmartPlugDetector / src / main / java / edu / uci / iotproject / detection / ClusterMatcher.java

package edu.uci.iotproject.detection;

import edu.uci.iotproject.Conversation;
import edu.uci.iotproject.TcpReassembler;
import edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.TcpConversationUtils;
import edu.uci.iotproject.io.PcapHandleReader;
import edu.uci.iotproject.util.PrintUtils;
import org.pcap4j.core.*;

import java.time.ZoneId;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import static edu.uci.iotproject.util.PcapPacketUtils.*;

/**
 * Searches a traffic trace for sequences of packets "belong to" a given cluster (in other words, attempts to classify
 * traffic as pertaining to a given cluster).
 *
 * @author Janus Varmarken {@literal <jvarmark@uci.edu>}
 * @author Rahmadi Trimananda {@literal <rtrimana@uci.edu>}
 */
public class ClusterMatcher implements PacketListener {

    // Test client
    public static void main(String[] args) throws PcapNativeException, NotOpenException {

//        String path = "/scratch/July-2018"; // Rahmadi
        String path = "/Users/varmarken/temp/UCI IoT Project/experiments"; // Janus
        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/dlink.wlan1.local.pcap";
        final String signatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature1.sig";

        List<List<PcapPacket>> signature = PrintUtils.deserializeClustersFromFile(signatureFile);
        ClusterMatcher clusterMatcher = new ClusterMatcher(signature, null,
                (sig, match) -> System.out.println(
                        String.format("[ !!! SIGNATURE DETECTED AT %s !!! ]",
                                match.get(0).getTimestamp().atZone(ZoneId.of("America/Los_Angeles")))
                )
        );

        PcapHandle handle;
        try {
            handle = Pcaps.openOffline(inputPcapFile, PcapHandle.TimestampPrecision.NANO);
        } catch (PcapNativeException pne) {
            handle = Pcaps.openOffline(inputPcapFile);
        }
        PcapHandleReader reader = new PcapHandleReader(handle, p -> true, clusterMatcher);
        reader.readFromHandle();
        clusterMatcher.performDetection();
    }

    /**
     * The cluster that describes the sequence of packets that this {@link ClusterMatcher} is trying to detect in the
     * observed traffic.
     */
    private final List<List<PcapPacket>> mCluster;

    /**
     * The ordered directions of packets in the sequences that make up {@link #mCluster}.
     */
    private final Conversation.Direction[] mClusterMemberDirections;

    /**
     * For reassembling the observed traffic into TCP connections.
     */
    private final TcpReassembler mTcpReassembler = new TcpReassembler();

    /**
     * IP of the router's WAN port (if analyzed traffic is captured at the ISP's point of view).
     */
    private final String mRouterWanIp;

    private final ClusterMatchObserver[] mObservers;

    /**
     * Create a {@link ClusterMatcher}.
     * @param cluster The cluster that traffic is matched against.
     * @param routerWanIp The router's WAN IP if examining traffic captured at the ISP's point of view (used for
     *                    determining the direction of packets).
     * @param detectionObservers Client code that wants to get notified whenever the {@link ClusterMatcher} detects that
     *                          (a subset of) the examined traffic is similar to the traffic that makes up
     *                          {@code cluster}, i.e., when the examined traffic is classified as pertaining to
     *                          {@code cluster}.
     */
    public ClusterMatcher(List<List<PcapPacket>> cluster, String routerWanIp, ClusterMatchObserver... detectionObservers) {
        mCluster = Collections.unmodifiableList(Objects.requireNonNull(cluster, "cluster cannot be null"));
        mObservers = Objects.requireNonNull(detectionObservers, "detectionObservers cannot be null");
        if (mCluster.isEmpty() || mCluster.stream().anyMatch(inner -> inner.isEmpty())) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("cluster is empty (or contains an empty inner List)");
        }
        if (mObservers.length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("no detectionObservers provided");
        }
        mRouterWanIp = routerWanIp;
        // Build the cluster members' direction sequence.
        // Note: assumes that the provided cluster was captured within the local network (routerWanIp is set to null).
        mClusterMemberDirections = getPacketDirections(mCluster.get(0), null);
        /*
         * Enforce restriction on cluster members: all representatives must exhibit the same direction pattern and
         * contain the same number of packets. Note that this is a somewhat heavy operation, so it may be disabled later
         * on in favor of performance. However, it is only run once (at instantiation), so the overhead may be warranted
         * in order to ensure correctness, especially during the development/debugging phase.
         */
        if (mCluster.stream().
                anyMatch(inner -> !Arrays.equals(mClusterMemberDirections, getPacketDirections(inner, null)))) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "cluster members must contain the same number of packets and exhibit the same packet direction " +
                            "pattern"
            );
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void gotPacket(PcapPacket packet) {
        // Present packet to TCP reassembler so that it can be mapped to a connection (if it is a TCP packet).
        mTcpReassembler.gotPacket(packet);
    }

    /**
     * Get the cluster that describes the packet sequence that this {@link ClusterMatcher} is searching for.
     * @return the cluster that describes the packet sequence that this {@link ClusterMatcher} is searching for.
     */
    public List<List<PcapPacket>> getCluster() {
        return mCluster;
    }

    public void performDetection() {
        /*
         * Let's start out simple by building a version that only works for signatures that do not span across multiple
         * TCP conversations...
         */
        for (Conversation c : mTcpReassembler.getTcpConversations()) {
            if (c.isTls() && c.getTlsApplicationDataPackets().isEmpty() || !c.isTls() && c.getPackets().isEmpty()) {
                // Skip empty conversations.
                continue;
            }
            // TODO: DEBUG!!!
            /*List<PcapPacket> listPP = c.getPackets();
            if(listPP.size() > 1000) {
                for (PcapPacket pp : listPP) {
                    if (pp.length() == 639) {
                        boolean test = c.isTls();
                        System.out.println("Sequence has 639! " + test);
                    }
                }
            }*/
            for (List<PcapPacket> signatureSequence : mCluster) {
                if (isTlsSequence(signatureSequence) != c.isTls()) {
                    // We consider it a mismatch if one is a TLS application data sequence and the other is not.
                    continue;
                }
                // Fetch set of packets to examine based on TLS or not.
                List<PcapPacket> cPkts = c.isTls() ? c.getTlsApplicationDataPackets() : c.getPackets();
                /*
                 * Note: we embed the attempt to detect the signature sequence in a loop in order to capture those cases
                 * where the same signature sequence appears multiple times in one Conversation.
                 *
                 * Note: as the cluster can be made up of identical sequences, we must keep track of whether we detected
                 * a match and, if so, break the inner for-each loop in order to prevent raising an alarm for each
                 * cluster-member (prevent duplicate detections of the same event). However, a negative side-effect of
                 * this is that, in doing so, we will also skip searching for subsequent different cluster members in
                 * the current conversation if the current cluster member is a match.
                 *
                 * Note: since we expect all sequences that together make up the signature to exhibit the same direction
                 * pattern, we can simply pass the precomputed direction array for the signature sequence so that it
                 * won't have to be recomputed internally in each call to findSubsequenceInSequence().
                 */
                Optional<List<PcapPacket>> match;
                boolean matchFound = false;
                while ((match = findSubsequenceInSequence(signatureSequence, cPkts, mClusterMemberDirections, null)).
                        isPresent()) {
                    matchFound = true;
                    List<PcapPacket> matchSeq = match.get();
                    // Notify observers about the match.
                    Arrays.stream(mObservers).forEach(o -> o.onMatch(ClusterMatcher.this, matchSeq));
                    /*
                     * Get the index in cPkts of the last packet in the sequence of packets that matches the searched
                     * signature sequence.
                     */
                    int matchSeqEndIdx = cPkts.indexOf(matchSeq.get(matchSeq.size()-1));
                    // We restart the search for the signature sequence immediately after that index, so truncate cPkts.
                    cPkts = cPkts.stream().skip(matchSeqEndIdx + 1).collect(Collectors.toList());
                }
                if (matchFound) {
                    // Break inner for-each loop in order to avoid duplicate detection of same event (see comment above)
                    break;
                }
            }
            /*
             * TODO:
             * if no item in cluster matches, also perform a distance-based matching to cover those cases where we did
             * not manage to capture every single mutation of the sequence during training.
             *
             * Need to compute average/centroid of cluster to do so...? Compute within-cluster variance, then check if
             * distance between input conversation and cluster average/centroid is smaller than or equal to the computed
             * variance?
             */
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if {@code sequence} is a sequence of TLS packets. Note: the current implementation relies on inspection
     * of the port numbers when deciding between TLS vs. non-TLS. Therefore, only the first packet of {@code sequence}
     * is examined as it is assumed that all packets in {@code sequence} pertain to the same {@link Conversation} and
     * hence share the same set of two src/dst port numbers (albeit possibly alternating between which one is the src
     * and which one is the dst, as packets in {@code sequence} may be in alternating directions).
     * @param sequence The sequence of packets for which it is to be determined if it is a sequence of TLS packets or
     *                 non-TLS packets.
     * @return {@code true} if {@code sequence} is a sequence of TLS packets, {@code false} otherwise.
     */
    private boolean isTlsSequence(List<PcapPacket> sequence) {
        // NOTE: Assumes ALL packets in sequence pertain to the same TCP connection!
        PcapPacket firstPkt = sequence.get(0);
        int srcPort = getSourcePort(firstPkt);
        int dstPort = getDestinationPort(firstPkt);
        return TcpConversationUtils.isTlsPort(srcPort) || TcpConversationUtils.isTlsPort(dstPort);
    }

    /**
     * Examine if a given sequence of packets ({@code sequence}) contains a given shorter sequence of packets
     * ({@code subsequence}). Note: the current implementation actually searches for a substring as it does not allow
     * for interleaving packets in {@code sequence} that are not in {@code subsequence}; for example, if
     * {@code subsequence} consists of packet lengths [2, 3, 5] and {@code sequence} consists of  packet lengths
     * [2, 3, 4, 5], the result will be that there is no match (because of the interleaving 4). If we are to allow
     * interleaving packets, we need a modified version of
     * <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/a/20545604/1214974">this</a>.
     *
     * @param subsequence The sequence to search for.
     * @param sequence The sequence to search.
     * @param subsequenceDirections The directions of packets in {@code subsequence} such that for all {@code i},
     *                              {@code subsequenceDirections[i]} is the direction of the packet returned by
     *                              {@code subsequence.get(i)}. May be set to {@code null}, in which this call will
     *                              internally compute the packet directions.
     * @param sequenceDirections The directions of packets in {@code sequence} such that for all {@code i},
     *                           {@code sequenceDirections[i]} is the direction of the packet returned by
     *                           {@code sequence.get(i)}. May be set to {@code null}, in which this call will internally
     *                           compute the packet directions.
     *
     * @return An {@link Optional} containing the part of {@code sequence} that matches {@code subsequence}, or an empty
     *         {@link Optional} if no part of {@code sequence} matches {@code subsequence}.
     */
    private Optional<List<PcapPacket>> findSubsequenceInSequence(List<PcapPacket> subsequence,
                                                                 List<PcapPacket> sequence,
                                                                 Conversation.Direction[] subsequenceDirections,
                                                                 Conversation.Direction[] sequenceDirections) {
        if (sequence.size() < subsequence.size()) {
            // If subsequence is longer, it cannot be contained in sequence.
            return Optional.empty();
        }
        if (isTlsSequence(subsequence) != isTlsSequence(sequence)) {
            // We consider it a mismatch if one is a TLS application data sequence and the other is not.
            return Optional.empty();
        }
        // If packet directions have not been precomputed by calling code, we need to construct them.
        if (subsequenceDirections == null) {
            subsequenceDirections = getPacketDirections(subsequence, mRouterWanIp);
        }
        if (sequenceDirections == null) {
            sequenceDirections = getPacketDirections(sequence, mRouterWanIp);
        }
        int subseqIdx = 0;
        int seqIdx = 0;
        while (seqIdx < sequence.size()) {
            PcapPacket subseqPkt = subsequence.get(subseqIdx);
            PcapPacket seqPkt = sequence.get(seqIdx);
            // We only have a match if packet lengths and directions match.
            if (subseqPkt.getOriginalLength() == seqPkt.getOriginalLength() &&
                    subsequenceDirections[subseqIdx] == sequenceDirections[seqIdx]) {
                // A match; advance both indices to consider next packet in subsequence vs. next packet in sequence.
                subseqIdx++;
                seqIdx++;
                if (subseqIdx == subsequence.size()) {
                    // We managed to match the entire subsequence in sequence.
                    // Return the sublist of sequence that matches subsequence.
                    /*
                     * TODO:
                     * ASSUMES THE BACKING LIST (i.e., 'sequence') IS _NOT_ STRUCTURALLY MODIFIED, hence may not work
                     * for live traces!
                     */
                    return Optional.of(sequence.subList(seqIdx - subsequence.size(), seqIdx));
                }
            } else {
                // Mismatch.
                if (subseqIdx > 0) {
                    /*
                     * If we managed to match parts of subsequence, we restart the search for subsequence in sequence at
                     * the index of sequence where the current mismatch occurred. I.e., we must reset subseqIdx, but
                     * leave seqIdx untouched.
                     */
                    subseqIdx = 0;
                } else {
                    /*
                     * First packet of subsequence didn't match packet at seqIdx of sequence, so we move forward in
                     * sequence, i.e., we continue the search for subsequence in sequence starting at index seqIdx+1 of
                     * sequence.
                     */
                    seqIdx++;
                }
            }
        }
        return Optional.empty();
    }

    /**
     * Given a {@code List<PcapPacket>}, generate a {@code Conversation.Direction[]} such that each entry in the
     * resulting {@code Conversation.Direction[]} specifies the direction of the {@link PcapPacket} at the corresponding
     * index in the input list.
     * @param packets The list of packets for which to construct a corresponding array of packet directions.
     * @param routerWanIp The IP of the router's WAN port. This is used for determining the direction of packets when
     *                    the traffic is captured just outside the local network (at the ISP side of the router). Set to
     *                    {@code null} if {@code packets} stem from traffic captured within the local network.
     * @return A {@code Conversation.Direction[]} specifying the direction of the {@link PcapPacket} at the
     *         corresponding index in {@code packets}.
     */
    private static Conversation.Direction[] getPacketDirections(List<PcapPacket> packets, String routerWanIp) {
        Conversation.Direction[] directions = new Conversation.Direction[packets.size()];
        for (int i = 0; i < packets.size(); i++) {
            PcapPacket pkt = packets.get(i);
            if (getSourceIp(pkt).equals(getDestinationIp(pkt))) {
                // Sanity check: we shouldn't be processing loopback traffic
                throw new AssertionError("loopback traffic detected");
            }
            if (isSrcIpLocal(pkt) || getSourceIp(pkt).equals(routerWanIp)) {
                directions[i] = Conversation.Direction.CLIENT_TO_SERVER;
            } else if (isDstIpLocal(pkt) || getDestinationIp(pkt).equals(routerWanIp)) {
                directions[i] = Conversation.Direction.SERVER_TO_CLIENT;
            } else {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("no local IP or router WAN port IP found, can't detect direction");
            }
        }
        return directions;
    }

    /**
     * Interface used by client code to register for receiving a notification whenever the {@link ClusterMatcher}
     * detects traffic that is similar to the traffic that makes up the cluster returned by
     * {@link ClusterMatcher#getCluster()}.
     */
    interface ClusterMatchObserver {
        /**
         * Callback that is invoked whenever a sequence that is similar to a sequence associated with the cluster (i.e.,
         * a sequence is a member of the cluster) is detected in the traffic that the associated {@link ClusterMatcher}
         * observes.
         * @param clusterMatcher The {@link ClusterMatcher} that detected a match (classified traffic as pertaining to
         *                       its associated cluster).
         * @param match The traffic that was deemed to match the cluster associated with {@code clusterMatcher}.
         */
        void onMatch(ClusterMatcher clusterMatcher, List<PcapPacket> match);
    }

}