1 package edu.uci.iotproject.detection;
3 import edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.TriggerTrafficExtractor;
4 import edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.UserAction;
5 import edu.uci.iotproject.io.PcapHandleReader;
6 import edu.uci.iotproject.util.PrintUtils;
7 import org.jgrapht.GraphPath;
8 import org.jgrapht.alg.shortestpath.DijkstraShortestPath;
9 import org.jgrapht.graph.DefaultWeightedEdge;
10 import org.jgrapht.graph.SimpleDirectedWeightedGraph;
11 import org.pcap4j.core.*;
13 import java.time.Duration;
14 import java.time.ZoneId;
15 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
16 import java.time.format.FormatStyle;
18 import java.util.function.Consumer;
21 * Detects an event signature that spans one or multiple TCP connections.
23 * @author Janus Varmarken {@literal <jvarmark@uci.edu>}
24 * @author Rahmadi Trimananda {@literal <rtrimana@uci.edu>}
26 public class SignatureDetector implements PacketListener, ClusterMatcher.ClusterMatchObserver {
29 public static void main(String[] args) throws PcapNativeException, NotOpenException {
30 // String path = "/scratch/July-2018"; // Rahmadi
31 String path = "/Users/varmarken/temp/UCI IoT Project/experiments"; // Janus
33 // D-Link Plug experiment
34 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/dlink/dlink-plug.data.wlan1.pcap";
35 // D-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
36 // final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/onSignature-DLink-Plug-device.sig";
37 // final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature-DLink-Plug-device.sig";
38 // // D-Link Plug PHONE signatures
39 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/onSignature-DLink-Plug-phone.sig";
40 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature-DLink-Plug-phone.sig";
43 // Kwikset Doorlock Sep 12 experiment
44 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset3.wlan1.local.pcap";
45 // Kwikset Doorlock PHONE signatures
46 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/onSignature-Kwikset-Doorlock-phone.sig";
47 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/offSignature-Kwikset-Doorlock-phone.sig";
51 // D-Link Plug experiment
52 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/dlink.wlan1.local.pcap";
53 // D-Link Plug DEVICE signatures
54 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/onSignature-DLink-Plug-device.sig";
55 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature-DLink-Plug-device.sig";
56 // D-Link Plug PHONE signatures
57 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/onSignature-DLink-Plug-phone.sig";
58 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/offSignature-DLink-Plug-phone.sig";
62 // D-Link Siren experiment
63 final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/dlink-siren.wlan1.local.pcap";
64 // D-Link Siren DEVICE signatures
65 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/onSignature-DLink-Siren-device.sig";
66 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/offSignature-DLink-Siren-device.sig";
67 // D-Link Siren PHONE signatures
68 final String onSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/onSignature-DLink-Siren-phone.sig";
69 final String offSignatureFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/offSignature-DLink-Siren-phone.sig";
72 List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> onSignature = PrintUtils.deserializeSignatureFromFile(onSignatureFile);
73 List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> offSignature = PrintUtils.deserializeSignatureFromFile(offSignatureFile);
75 SignatureDetector onDetector = new SignatureDetector(onSignature, null);
76 SignatureDetector offDetector = new SignatureDetector(offSignature, null);
78 final DateTimeFormatter dateTimeFormatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofLocalizedDateTime(FormatStyle.MEDIUM).
79 withLocale(Locale.US).withZone(ZoneId.of("America/Los_Angeles"));
81 // Outputs information about a detected event to std.out
82 final Consumer<UserAction> outputter = ua -> {
83 String eventDescription;
84 switch (ua.getType()) {
86 eventDescription = "ON";
89 eventDescription = "OFF";
92 throw new AssertionError("unhandled event type");
94 String output = String.format("[ !!! %s SIGNATURE DETECTED at %s !!! ]",
95 eventDescription, dateTimeFormatter.format(ua.getTimestamp()));
96 System.out.println(output);
99 // Let's create observers that construct a UserAction representing the detected event.
100 final List<UserAction> detectedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
101 onDetector.addObserver((searched, match) -> {
102 PcapPacket firstPkt = match.get(0).get(0);
103 detectedEvents.add(new UserAction(UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_ON, firstPkt.getTimestamp()));
105 offDetector.addObserver((searched, match) -> {
106 PcapPacket firstPkt = match.get(0).get(0);
107 detectedEvents.add(new UserAction(UserAction.Type.TOGGLE_OFF, firstPkt.getTimestamp()));
112 handle = Pcaps.openOffline(inputPcapFile, PcapHandle.TimestampPrecision.NANO);
113 } catch (PcapNativeException pne) {
114 handle = Pcaps.openOffline(inputPcapFile);
116 PcapHandleReader reader = new PcapHandleReader(handle, p -> true, onDetector, offDetector);
117 reader.readFromHandle();
119 // TODO: need a better way of triggering detection than this...
120 onDetector.mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.performDetection());
121 offDetector.mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.performDetection());
123 // Sort the list of detected events by timestamp to make it easier to compare it line-by-line with the trigger
125 Collections.sort(detectedEvents, Comparator.comparing(UserAction::getTimestamp));
126 // Output the detected events
127 detectedEvents.forEach(outputter);
131 * The signature that this {@link SignatureDetector} is searching for.
133 private final List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> mSignature;
136 * The {@link ClusterMatcher}s in charge of detecting each individual sequence of packets that together make up the
139 private final List<ClusterMatcher> mClusterMatchers;
142 * For each {@code i} ({@code i >= 0 && i < pendingMatches.length}), {@code pendingMatches[i]} holds the matches
143 * found by the {@link ClusterMatcher} at {@code mClusterMatchers.get(i)} that have yet to be "consumed", i.e.,
144 * have yet to be included in a signature detected by this {@link SignatureDetector} (a signature can be encompassed
145 * of multiple packet sequences occurring shortly after one another on multiple connections).
147 private final List<List<PcapPacket>>[] pendingMatches;
150 * Maps a {@link ClusterMatcher} to its corresponding index in {@link #pendingMatches}.
152 private final Map<ClusterMatcher, Integer> mClusterMatcherIds;
154 private final List<SignatureDetectionObserver> mObservers = new ArrayList<>();
156 public SignatureDetector(List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> searchedSignature, String routerWanIp) {
157 // note: doesn't protect inner lists from changes :'(
158 mSignature = Collections.unmodifiableList(searchedSignature);
159 // Generate corresponding/appropriate ClusterMatchers based on the provided signature
160 List<ClusterMatcher> clusterMatchers = new ArrayList<>();
161 for (List<List<PcapPacket>> cluster : mSignature) {
162 clusterMatchers.add(new ClusterMatcher(cluster, routerWanIp, this));
164 mClusterMatchers = Collections.unmodifiableList(clusterMatchers);
167 pendingMatches = new List[mClusterMatchers.size()];
168 for (int i = 0; i < pendingMatches.length; i++) {
169 pendingMatches[i] = new ArrayList<>();
171 Map<ClusterMatcher, Integer> clusterMatcherIds = new HashMap<>();
172 for (int i = 0; i < mClusterMatchers.size(); i++) {
173 clusterMatcherIds.put(mClusterMatchers.get(i), i);
175 mClusterMatcherIds = Collections.unmodifiableMap(clusterMatcherIds);
178 public void addObserver(SignatureDetectionObserver observer) {
179 mObservers.add(observer);
182 public boolean removeObserver(SignatureDetectionObserver observer) {
183 return mObservers.remove(observer);
187 public void gotPacket(PcapPacket packet) {
188 // simply delegate packet reception to all ClusterMatchers.
189 mClusterMatchers.forEach(cm -> cm.gotPacket(packet));
193 public void onMatch(ClusterMatcher clusterMatcher, List<PcapPacket> match) {
194 // Add the match at the corresponding index
195 pendingMatches[mClusterMatcherIds.get(clusterMatcher)].add(match);
196 checkSignatureMatch();
199 private void checkSignatureMatch() {
200 // << Graph-based approach using Balint's idea. >>
201 // This implementation assumes that the packets in the inner lists (the sequences) are ordered by asc timestamp.
203 // There cannot be a signature match until each ClusterMatcher has found a match of its respective sequence.
204 if (Arrays.stream(pendingMatches).noneMatch(l -> l.isEmpty())) {
206 final SimpleDirectedWeightedGraph<Vertex, DefaultWeightedEdge> graph =
207 new SimpleDirectedWeightedGraph<>(DefaultWeightedEdge.class);
208 // Add a vertex for each match found by all ClusterMatchers
209 // And maintain an array to keep track of what cluster matcher each vertex corresponds to
210 final List<Vertex>[] vertices = new List[pendingMatches.length];
211 for (int i = 0; i < pendingMatches.length; i++) {
212 vertices[i] = new ArrayList<>();
213 for (List<PcapPacket> sequence : pendingMatches[i]) {
214 Vertex v = new Vertex(sequence);
215 vertices[i].add(v); // retain reference for later when we are to add edges
216 graph.addVertex(v); // add to vertex to graph
219 // Add dummy source and sink vertices to facilitate search.
220 final Vertex source = new Vertex(null);
221 final Vertex sink = new Vertex(null);
222 graph.addVertex(source);
223 graph.addVertex(sink);
224 // The source is connected to all vertices that wrap the sequences detected by ClusterMatcher at index 0.
225 // Note: zero cost edges as this is just a dummy link to facilitate search from a common start node.
226 for (Vertex v : vertices[0]) {
227 DefaultWeightedEdge edge = graph.addEdge(source, v);
228 graph.setEdgeWeight(edge, 0.0);
230 // Similarly, all vertices that wrap the sequences detected by the last ClusterMatcher of the signature
231 // are connected to the sink node.
232 for (Vertex v : vertices[vertices.length-1]) {
233 DefaultWeightedEdge edge = graph.addEdge(v, sink);
234 graph.setEdgeWeight(edge, 0.0);
236 // Now link sequences detected by ClusterMatcher at index i to sequences detected by ClusterMatcher at index
237 // i+1 if they obey the timestamp constraint (i.e., that the latter is later in time than the former).
238 for (int i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) {
240 if (j < vertices.length) {
241 for (Vertex iv : vertices[i]) {
242 PcapPacket ivLast = iv.sequence.get(iv.sequence.size()-1);
243 for (Vertex jv : vertices[j]) {
244 PcapPacket jvFirst = jv.sequence.get(jv.sequence.size()-1);
245 if (ivLast.getTimestamp().isBefore(jvFirst.getTimestamp())) {
246 DefaultWeightedEdge edge = graph.addEdge(iv, jv);
247 // The weight is the duration of the i'th sequence plus the duration between the i'th
248 // and i+1'th sequence.
249 Duration d = Duration.
250 between(iv.sequence.get(0).getTimestamp(), jvFirst.getTimestamp());
251 // Unfortunately weights are double values, so must convert from long to double.
252 // TODO: need nano second precision? If so, use d.toNanos().
253 // TODO: risk of overflow when converting from long to double..?
254 graph.setEdgeWeight(edge, Long.valueOf(d.toMillis()).doubleValue());
256 // Alternative version if we cannot assume that sequences are ordered by timestamp:
257 // if (iv.sequence.stream().max(Comparator.comparing(PcapPacket::getTimestamp)).get()
258 // .getTimestamp().isBefore(jv.sequence.stream().min(
259 // Comparator.comparing(PcapPacket::getTimestamp)).get().getTimestamp())) {
266 // Graph construction complete, run shortest-path to find a (potential) signature match.
267 DijkstraShortestPath<Vertex, DefaultWeightedEdge> dijkstra = new DijkstraShortestPath<>(graph);
268 GraphPath<Vertex, DefaultWeightedEdge> shortestPath = dijkstra.getPath(source, sink);
269 if (shortestPath != null) {
270 // The total weight is the duration between the first packet of the first sequence and the last packet
271 // of the last sequence, so we simply have to compare the weight against the timeframe that we allow
272 // the signature to span. For now we just use the inclusion window we defined for training purposes.
273 // Note however, that we must convert back from double to long as the weight is stored as a double in
275 if (((long)shortestPath.getWeight()) < TriggerTrafficExtractor.INCLUSION_WINDOW_MILLIS) {
276 // There's a signature match!
277 // Extract the match from the vertices
278 List<List<PcapPacket>> signatureMatch = new ArrayList<>();
279 for(Vertex v : shortestPath.getVertexList()) {
280 if (v == source || v == sink) {
281 // Skip the dummy source and sink nodes.
284 signatureMatch.add(v.sequence);
285 // As there is a one-to-one correspondence between vertices[] and pendingMatches[], we know that
286 // the sequence we've "consumed" for index i of the matched signature is also at index i in
287 // pendingMatches. We must remove it from pendingMatches so that we don't use it to construct
288 // another signature match in a later call.
289 pendingMatches[signatureMatch.size()-1].remove(v.sequence);
291 // Declare success: notify observers
292 mObservers.forEach(obs -> obs.onSignatureDetected(mSignature,
293 Collections.unmodifiableList(signatureMatch)));
300 * Used for registering for notifications of signatures detected by a {@link SignatureDetector}.
302 interface SignatureDetectionObserver {
305 * Invoked when the {@link SignatureDetector} detects the presence of a signature in the traffic that it's
307 * @param searchedSignature The signature that the {@link SignatureDetector} reporting the match is searching
309 * @param matchingTraffic The actual traffic trace that matches the searched signature.
311 void onSignatureDetected(List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> searchedSignature,
312 List<List<PcapPacket>> matchingTraffic);
316 * Encapsulates a {@code List<PcapPacket>} so as to allow the list to be used as a vertex in a graph while avoiding
317 * the expensive {@link AbstractList#equals(Object)} calls when adding vertices to the graph.
318 * Using this wrapper makes the incurred {@code equals(Object)} calls delegate to {@link Object#equals(Object)}
319 * instead of {@link AbstractList#equals(Object)}. The net effect is a faster implementation, but the graph will not
320 * recognize two lists that contain the same items--from a value and not reference point of view--as the same
321 * vertex. However, this is fine for our purposes -- in fact restricting it to reference equality seems more
324 private static class Vertex {
325 private final List<PcapPacket> sequence;
326 private Vertex(List<PcapPacket> wrappedSequence) {
327 sequence = wrappedSequence;