1 ACPI based device enumeration
2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3 ACPI 5 introduced a set of new resources (UartTSerialBus, I2cSerialBus,
4 SpiSerialBus, GpioIo and GpioInt) which can be used in enumerating slave
5 devices behind serial bus controllers.
7 In addition we are starting to see peripherals integrated in the
8 SoC/Chipset to appear only in ACPI namespace. These are typically devices
9 that are accessed through memory-mapped registers.
11 In order to support this and re-use the existing drivers as much as
12 possible we decided to do following:
14 o Devices that have no bus connector resource are represented as
17 o Devices behind real busses where there is a connector resource
18 are represented as struct spi_device or struct i2c_device
19 (standard UARTs are not busses so there is no struct uart_device).
21 As both ACPI and Device Tree represent a tree of devices (and their
22 resources) this implementation follows the Device Tree way as much as
25 The ACPI implementation enumerates devices behind busses (platform, SPI and
26 I2C), creates the physical devices and binds them to their ACPI handle in
29 This means that when ACPI_HANDLE(dev) returns non-NULL the device was
30 enumerated from ACPI namespace. This handle can be used to extract other
31 device-specific configuration. There is an example of this below.
35 Since we are using platform devices to represent devices that are not
36 connected to any physical bus we only need to implement a platform driver
37 for the device and add supported ACPI IDs. If this same IP-block is used on
38 some other non-ACPI platform, the driver might work out of the box or needs
41 Adding ACPI support for an existing driver should be pretty
42 straightforward. Here is the simplest example:
45 static struct acpi_device_id mydrv_acpi_match[] = {
49 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, mydrv_acpi_match);
52 static struct platform_driver my_driver = {
55 .acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(mydrv_acpi_match),
59 If the driver needs to perform more complex initialization like getting and
60 configuring GPIOs it can get its ACPI handle and extract this information
63 Currently the kernel is not able to automatically determine from which ACPI
64 device it should make the corresponding platform device so we need to add
65 the ACPI device explicitly to acpi_platform_device_ids list defined in
66 drivers/acpi/acpi_platform.c. This limitation is only for the platform
67 devices, SPI and I2C devices are created automatically as described below.
69 SPI serial bus support
70 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
71 Slave devices behind SPI bus have SpiSerialBus resource attached to them.
72 This is extracted automatically by the SPI core and the slave devices are
73 enumerated once spi_register_master() is called by the bus driver.
75 Here is what the ACPI namespace for a SPI slave might look like:
80 Name (_CID, Package() {
85 Method (_CRS, 0, NotSerialized)
87 SPISerialBus(1, PolarityLow, FourWireMode, 8,
88 ControllerInitiated, 1000000, ClockPolarityLow,
89 ClockPhaseFirst, "\\_SB.PCI0.SPI1",)
93 The SPI device drivers only need to add ACPI IDs in a similar way than with
94 the platform device drivers. Below is an example where we add ACPI support
95 to at25 SPI eeprom driver (this is meant for the above ACPI snippet):
98 static struct acpi_device_id at25_acpi_match[] = {
102 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, at25_acpi_match);
105 static struct spi_driver at25_driver = {
108 .acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(at25_acpi_match),
112 Note that this driver actually needs more information like page size of the
113 eeprom etc. but at the time writing this there is no standard way of
114 passing those. One idea is to return this in _DSM method like:
119 Method (_DSM, 4, NotSerialized)
133 Then the at25 SPI driver can get this configation by calling _DSM on its
136 struct acpi_buffer output = { ACPI_ALLOCATE_BUFFER, NULL };
137 struct acpi_object_list input;
140 /* Fill in the input buffer */
142 status = acpi_evaluate_object(ACPI_HANDLE(&spi->dev), "_DSM",
144 if (ACPI_FAILURE(status))
145 /* Handle the error */
147 /* Extract the data here */
149 kfree(output.pointer);
151 I2C serial bus support
152 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
153 The slaves behind I2C bus controller only need to add the ACPI IDs like
154 with the platform and SPI drivers. However the I2C bus controller driver
155 needs to call acpi_i2c_register_devices() after it has added the adapter.
157 An I2C bus (controller) driver does:
160 ret = i2c_add_numbered_adapter(adapter);
164 of_i2c_register_devices(adapter);
165 /* Enumerate the slave devices behind this bus via ACPI */
166 acpi_i2c_register_devices(adapter);
168 Below is an example of how to add ACPI support to the existing mpu3050
172 static struct acpi_device_id mpu3050_acpi_match[] = {
176 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, mpu3050_acpi_match);
179 static struct i2c_driver mpu3050_i2c_driver = {
182 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
184 .of_match_table = mpu3050_of_match,
185 .acpi_match_table ACPI_PTR(mpu3050_acpi_match),
187 .probe = mpu3050_probe,
188 .remove = mpu3050_remove,
189 .id_table = mpu3050_ids,
194 ACPI 5 introduced two new resources to describe GPIO connections: GpioIo
195 and GpioInt. These resources are used be used to pass GPIO numbers used by
196 the device to the driver. For example:
198 Method (_CRS, 0, NotSerialized)
200 Name (SBUF, ResourceTemplate()
203 // Used to power on/off the device
204 GpioIo (Exclusive, PullDefault, 0x0000, 0x0000,
205 IoRestrictionOutputOnly, "\\_SB.PCI0.GPI0",
206 0x00, ResourceConsumer,,)
212 // Interrupt for the device
213 GpioInt (Edge, ActiveHigh, ExclusiveAndWake, PullNone,
214 0x0000, "\\_SB.PCI0.GPI0", 0x00, ResourceConsumer,,)
227 These GPIO numbers are controller relative and path "\\_SB.PCI0.GPI0"
228 specifies the path to the controller. In order to use these GPIOs in Linux
229 we need to translate them to the Linux GPIO numbers.
231 The driver can do this by including <linux/acpi_gpio.h> and then calling
232 acpi_get_gpio(path, gpio). This will return the Linux GPIO number or
233 negative errno if there was no translation found.
235 In a simple case of just getting the Linux GPIO number from device
236 resources one can use acpi_get_gpio_by_index() helper function. It takes
237 pointer to the device and index of the GpioIo/GpioInt descriptor in the
238 device resources list. For example:
240 int gpio_irq, gpio_power;
243 gpio_irq = acpi_get_gpio_by_index(dev, 1, NULL);
247 gpio_power = acpi_get_gpio_by_index(dev, 0, NULL);
251 /* Now we can use the GPIO numbers */
253 Other GpioIo parameters must be converted first by the driver to be
254 suitable to the gpiolib before passing them.
256 In case of GpioInt resource an additional call to gpio_to_irq() must be
257 done before calling request_irq().