1 CPU frequency and voltage scaling code in the Linux(TM) kernel
4 L i n u x C P U F r e q
9 Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de>
13 Clock scaling allows you to change the clock speed of the CPUs on the
14 fly. This is a nice method to save battery power, because the lower
15 the clock speed, the less power the CPU consumes.
20 1. Supported Architectures and Processors
28 2. "Policy" / "Governor"?
32 3. How to change the CPU cpufreq policy and/or speed
33 3.1 Preferred interface: sysfs
37 1. Supported Architectures and Processors
38 =========================================
43 The following ARM processors are supported by cpufreq:
54 The following processors for the x86 architecture are supported by cpufreq:
56 AMD Elan - SC400, SC410
64 Intel mobile PIII and Intel mobile PIII-M on certain chipsets
65 Intel Pentium 4, Intel Xeon
66 Intel Pentium M (Centrino)
67 National Semiconductors Geode GX
71 various processors on some ACPI 2.0-compatible systems [*]
73 [*] Only if "ACPI Processor Performance States" are available
74 to the ACPI<->BIOS interface.
80 The following processors for the sparc64 architecture are supported by
89 Several "PowerBook" and "iBook2" notebooks are supported.
95 All SuperH processors supporting rate rounding through the clock
96 framework are supported by cpufreq.
101 The following Blackfin processors are supported by cpufreq:
103 BF522, BF523, BF524, BF525, BF526, BF527, Rev 0.1 or higher
104 BF531, BF532, BF533, Rev 0.3 or higher
105 BF534, BF536, BF537, Rev 0.2 or higher
106 BF561, Rev 0.3 or higher
107 BF542, BF544, BF547, BF548, BF549, Rev 0.1 or higher
110 2. "Policy" / "Governor" ?
111 ==========================
113 Some CPU frequency scaling-capable processor switch between various
114 frequencies and operating voltages "on the fly" without any kernel or
115 user involvement. This guarantees very fast switching to a frequency
116 which is high enough to serve the user's needs, but low enough to save
123 On these systems, all you can do is select the lower and upper
124 frequency limit as well as whether you want more aggressive
125 power-saving or more instantly available processing power.
131 On all other cpufreq implementations, these boundaries still need to
132 be set. Then, a "governor" must be selected. Such a "governor" decides
133 what speed the processor shall run within the boundaries. One such
134 "governor" is the "userspace" governor. This one allows the user - or
135 a yet-to-implement userspace program - to decide what specific speed
136 the processor shall run at.
139 3. How to change the CPU cpufreq policy and/or speed
140 ====================================================
142 3.1 Preferred Interface: sysfs
143 ------------------------------
145 The preferred interface is located in the sysfs filesystem. If you
146 mounted it at /sys, the cpufreq interface is located in a subdirectory
147 "cpufreq" within the cpu-device directory
148 (e.g. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ for the first CPU).
150 cpuinfo_min_freq : this file shows the minimum operating
151 frequency the processor can run at(in kHz)
152 cpuinfo_max_freq : this file shows the maximum operating
153 frequency the processor can run at(in kHz)
154 cpuinfo_transition_latency The time it takes on this CPU to
155 switch between two frequencies in nano
156 seconds. If unknown or known to be
157 that high that the driver does not
158 work with the ondemand governor, -1
159 (CPUFREQ_ETERNAL) will be returned.
160 Using this information can be useful
161 to choose an appropriate polling
162 frequency for a kernel governor or
163 userspace daemon. Make sure to not
164 switch the frequency too often
165 resulting in performance loss.
166 scaling_driver : this file shows what cpufreq driver is
167 used to set the frequency on this CPU
169 scaling_available_governors : this file shows the CPUfreq governors
170 available in this kernel. You can see the
171 currently activated governor in
173 scaling_governor, and by "echoing" the name of another
174 governor you can change it. Please note
175 that some governors won't load - they only
176 work on some specific architectures or
179 cpuinfo_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as obtained from
180 the hardware, in KHz. This is the frequency
181 the CPU actually runs at.
183 scaling_available_frequencies : List of available frequencies, in KHz.
186 scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in
187 kHz). By echoing new values into these
188 files, you can change these limits.
189 NOTE: when setting a policy you need to
190 first set scaling_max_freq, then
193 affected_cpus : List of Online CPUs that require software
194 coordination of frequency.
196 related_cpus : List of Online + Offline CPUs that need software
197 coordination of frequency.
199 scaling_driver : Hardware driver for cpufreq.
201 scaling_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as determined by
202 the governor and cpufreq core, in KHz. This is
203 the frequency the kernel thinks the CPU runs
206 bios_limit : If the BIOS tells the OS to limit a CPU to
207 lower frequencies, the user can read out the
208 maximum available frequency from this file.
209 This typically can happen through (often not
210 intended) BIOS settings, restrictions
211 triggered through a service processor or other
212 BIOS/HW based implementations.
213 This does not cover thermal ACPI limitations
214 which can be detected through the generic
217 If you have selected the "userspace" governor which allows you to
218 set the CPU operating frequency to a specific value, you can read out
219 the current frequency in
221 scaling_setspeed. By "echoing" a new frequency into this
222 you can change the speed of the CPU,
223 but only within the limits of
224 scaling_min_freq and scaling_max_freq.