5 The fiemap ioctl is an efficient method for userspace to get file
6 extent mappings. Instead of block-by-block mapping (such as bmap), fiemap
7 returns a list of extents.
13 A fiemap request is encoded within struct fiemap:
16 __u64 fm_start; /* logical offset (inclusive) at
17 * which to start mapping (in) */
18 __u64 fm_length; /* logical length of mapping which
19 * userspace cares about (in) */
20 __u32 fm_flags; /* FIEMAP_FLAG_* flags for request (in/out) */
21 __u32 fm_mapped_extents; /* number of extents that were
23 __u32 fm_extent_count; /* size of fm_extents array (in) */
25 struct fiemap_extent fm_extents[0]; /* array of mapped extents (out) */
29 fm_start, and fm_length specify the logical range within the file
30 which the process would like mappings for. Extents returned mirror
31 those on disk - that is, the logical offset of the 1st returned extent
32 may start before fm_start, and the range covered by the last returned
33 extent may end after fm_length. All offsets and lengths are in bytes.
35 Certain flags to modify the way in which mappings are looked up can be
36 set in fm_flags. If the kernel doesn't understand some particular
37 flags, it will return EBADR and the contents of fm_flags will contain
38 the set of flags which caused the error. If the kernel is compatible
39 with all flags passed, the contents of fm_flags will be unmodified.
40 It is up to userspace to determine whether rejection of a particular
41 flag is fatal to its operation. This scheme is intended to allow the
42 fiemap interface to grow in the future but without losing
43 compatibility with old software.
45 fm_extent_count specifies the number of elements in the fm_extents[] array
46 that can be used to return extents. If fm_extent_count is zero, then the
47 fm_extents[] array is ignored (no extents will be returned), and the
48 fm_mapped_extents count will hold the number of extents needed in
49 fm_extents[] to hold the file's current mapping. Note that there is
50 nothing to prevent the file from changing between calls to FIEMAP.
52 The following flags can be set in fm_flags:
55 If this flag is set, the kernel will sync the file before mapping extents.
58 If this flag is set, the extents returned will describe the inodes
59 extended attribute lookup tree, instead of its data tree.
65 Extent information is returned within the embedded fm_extents array
66 which userspace must allocate along with the fiemap structure. The
67 number of elements in the fiemap_extents[] array should be passed via
68 fm_extent_count. The number of extents mapped by kernel will be
69 returned via fm_mapped_extents. If the number of fiemap_extents
70 allocated is less than would be required to map the requested range,
71 the maximum number of extents that can be mapped in the fm_extent[]
72 array will be returned and fm_mapped_extents will be equal to
73 fm_extent_count. In that case, the last extent in the array will not
74 complete the requested range and will not have the FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST
75 flag set (see the next section on extent flags).
77 Each extent is described by a single fiemap_extent structure as
78 returned in fm_extents.
80 struct fiemap_extent {
81 __u64 fe_logical; /* logical offset in bytes for the start of
83 __u64 fe_physical; /* physical offset in bytes for the start
85 __u64 fe_length; /* length in bytes for the extent */
86 __u64 fe_reserved64[2];
87 __u32 fe_flags; /* FIEMAP_EXTENT_* flags for this extent */
91 All offsets and lengths are in bytes and mirror those on disk. It is valid
92 for an extents logical offset to start before the request or its logical
93 length to extend past the request. Unless FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED is
94 returned, fe_logical, fe_physical, and fe_length will be aligned to the
95 block size of the file system. With the exception of extents flagged as
96 FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED, adjacent extents will not be merged.
98 The fe_flags field contains flags which describe the extent returned.
99 A special flag, FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST is always set on the last extent in
100 the file so that the process making fiemap calls can determine when no
101 more extents are available, without having to call the ioctl again.
103 Some flags are intentionally vague and will always be set in the
104 presence of other more specific flags. This way a program looking for
105 a general property does not have to know all existing and future flags
106 which imply that property.
108 For example, if FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE or FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL
109 are set, FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED will also be set. A program looking
110 for inline or tail-packed data can key on the specific flag. Software
111 which simply cares not to try operating on non-aligned extents
112 however, can just key on FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED, and not have to
113 worry about all present and future flags which might imply unaligned
114 data. Note that the opposite is not true - it would be valid for
115 FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED to appear alone.
118 This is the last extent in the file. A mapping attempt past this
119 extent will return nothing.
121 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN
122 The location of this extent is currently unknown. This may indicate
123 the data is stored on an inaccessible volume or that no storage has
124 been allocated for the file yet.
126 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC
127 - This will also set FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN.
128 Delayed allocation - while there is data for this extent, its
129 physical location has not been allocated yet.
131 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED
132 This extent does not consist of plain filesystem blocks but is
133 encoded (e.g. encrypted or compressed). Reading the data in this
134 extent via I/O to the block device will have undefined results.
136 Note that it is *always* undefined to try to update the data
137 in-place by writing to the indicated location without the
138 assistance of the filesystem, or to access the data using the
139 information returned by the FIEMAP interface while the filesystem
140 is mounted. In other words, user applications may only read the
141 extent data via I/O to the block device while the filesystem is
142 unmounted, and then only if the FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED flag is
143 clear; user applications must not try reading or writing to the
144 filesystem via the block device under any other circumstances.
146 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED
147 - This will also set FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED
148 The data in this extent has been encrypted by the file system.
150 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED
151 Extent offsets and length are not guaranteed to be block aligned.
153 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE
154 This will also set FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED
155 Data is located within a meta data block.
157 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL
158 This will also set FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED
159 Data is packed into a block with data from other files.
161 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN
162 Unwritten extent - the extent is allocated but its data has not been
163 initialized. This indicates the extent's data will be all zero if read
164 through the filesystem but the contents are undefined if read directly from
167 * FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED
168 This will be set when a file does not support extents, i.e., it uses a block
169 based addressing scheme. Since returning an extent for each block back to
170 userspace would be highly inefficient, the kernel will try to merge most
171 adjacent blocks into 'extents'.
174 VFS -> File System Implementation
175 ---------------------------------
177 File systems wishing to support fiemap must implement a ->fiemap callback on
178 their inode_operations structure. The fs ->fiemap call is responsible for
179 defining its set of supported fiemap flags, and calling a helper function on
180 each discovered extent:
182 struct inode_operations {
185 int (*fiemap)(struct inode *, struct fiemap_extent_info *, u64 start,
188 ->fiemap is passed struct fiemap_extent_info which describes the
191 struct fiemap_extent_info {
192 unsigned int fi_flags; /* Flags as passed from user */
193 unsigned int fi_extents_mapped; /* Number of mapped extents */
194 unsigned int fi_extents_max; /* Size of fiemap_extent array */
195 struct fiemap_extent *fi_extents_start; /* Start of fiemap_extent array */
198 It is intended that the file system should not need to access any of this
199 structure directly. Filesystem handlers should be tolerant to signals and return
200 EINTR once fatal signal received.
203 Flag checking should be done at the beginning of the ->fiemap callback via the
204 fiemap_check_flags() helper:
206 int fiemap_check_flags(struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo, u32 fs_flags);
208 The struct fieinfo should be passed in as received from ioctl_fiemap(). The
209 set of fiemap flags which the fs understands should be passed via fs_flags. If
210 fiemap_check_flags finds invalid user flags, it will place the bad values in
211 fieinfo->fi_flags and return -EBADR. If the file system gets -EBADR, from
212 fiemap_check_flags(), it should immediately exit, returning that error back to
216 For each extent in the request range, the file system should call
217 the helper function, fiemap_fill_next_extent():
219 int fiemap_fill_next_extent(struct fiemap_extent_info *info, u64 logical,
220 u64 phys, u64 len, u32 flags, u32 dev);
222 fiemap_fill_next_extent() will use the passed values to populate the
223 next free extent in the fm_extents array. 'General' extent flags will
224 automatically be set from specific flags on behalf of the calling file
225 system so that the userspace API is not broken.
227 fiemap_fill_next_extent() returns 0 on success, and 1 when the
228 user-supplied fm_extents array is full. If an error is encountered
229 while copying the extent to user memory, -EFAULT will be returned.