4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
114 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
115 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
116 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
117 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
120 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
121 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
122 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
124 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
125 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
126 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
127 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
128 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
129 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
130 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
131 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
133 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
135 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
136 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
137 See Documentation/power/video.txt
139 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
140 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
142 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
143 ACPI will balance active IRQs
146 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
150 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
152 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
154 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
155 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
157 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
158 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
160 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
162 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
164 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
165 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
166 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
167 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
168 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
169 that require a timer override, but don't have
172 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
174 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
175 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
176 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
177 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
179 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
181 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
182 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
183 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
184 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
186 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
188 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
189 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
190 override platform specific driver.
191 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
193 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
194 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
195 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
196 and always returns good values.
198 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
199 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
200 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
201 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
202 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
204 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
205 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
206 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
209 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
210 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
213 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
219 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
221 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
222 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
224 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
225 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
226 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
229 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
232 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
235 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
238 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
240 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
241 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
243 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
245 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
246 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
247 connected to one of 16 gameports
248 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
251 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
253 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
254 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
255 APC and your system crashes randomly.
257 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
258 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
259 Change the amount of debugging information output
260 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
262 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
263 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
268 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
269 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
273 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
275 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
277 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
278 EzKey and similar keyboards
280 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
282 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
283 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
285 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
288 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
289 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
291 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
292 Use software keyboard repeat
296 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
297 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
299 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
302 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
304 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
306 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
307 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
308 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
309 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
311 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
312 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
313 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
314 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
316 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
322 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
323 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
325 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
326 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
329 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
330 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
332 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
334 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
335 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
336 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
337 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
338 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
339 This option provides an override for these situations.
342 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
343 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
345 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
347 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
348 Format: { "0" | "1" }
349 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
350 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
351 any implied execute protection).
352 1 -- check protection requested by application.
353 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
354 Value can be changed at runtime via
355 /selinux/checkreqprot.
357 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
359 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
360 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
361 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
362 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
366 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
367 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
368 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
370 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
374 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
376 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
378 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
380 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
384 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
385 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
387 condev= [HW,S390] console device
390 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
392 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
396 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
397 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
398 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
399 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
400 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
402 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
404 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
407 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
408 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
409 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
410 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
411 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
412 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
414 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
416 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
419 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
421 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
422 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
423 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
426 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
431 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
432 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
434 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
437 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
439 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
440 (one device per port)
441 Format: <port#>,<type>
442 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
444 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
447 [KNL] verbose self-tests
449 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
451 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
452 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
453 only useful to kernel developers.
456 Format: <area>[,<node>]
457 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
460 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
463 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
465 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
466 See drivers/char/README.epca and
467 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
469 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
471 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
473 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
479 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
481 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
483 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
486 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
488 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
490 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
493 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
498 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
501 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
508 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
509 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
512 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
514 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
515 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
518 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
519 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
522 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
523 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
524 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
526 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
527 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
528 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
529 pass this option to capture kernel.
530 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
532 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
534 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
535 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
536 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
538 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
541 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
542 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
544 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
545 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
546 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
548 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
552 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
555 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
558 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
561 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
562 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
563 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
564 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
569 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
571 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
572 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
579 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
580 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
581 for IA-64, off otherwise.
582 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
584 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
586 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
587 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
589 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
590 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
592 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
593 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
594 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
595 size on bigger boxes.
598 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
600 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
602 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
604 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
605 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
606 keyboard and cannot control its state
607 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
608 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
609 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
610 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
612 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
615 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
616 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
617 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
618 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
622 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
623 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
625 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
626 does not match list of supported models.
628 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
629 (disabled by default)
630 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
633 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
634 See Documentation/mca.txt.
637 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
639 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
640 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
641 See Documentation/ide.txt.
643 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
644 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
645 See Documentation/ide.txt.
647 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
648 See Documentation/ide.txt.
651 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
653 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
654 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
655 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
658 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
661 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
665 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
668 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
669 for working out where the kernel is dying during
672 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
674 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
677 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
678 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
679 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
680 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
681 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
682 changing hdc to sdb).
683 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
687 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
688 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
689 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
692 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
694 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
695 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
697 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
698 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
700 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
702 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
704 Format: <port>,<port>....
707 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
708 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
712 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
713 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
714 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
718 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
720 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
722 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
724 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
726 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
727 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
728 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
729 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
730 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
731 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
732 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
734 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
735 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
736 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
737 suboptimal load balancer performance.
740 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
744 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
745 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
749 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
754 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
757 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
758 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
760 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
761 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
763 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
764 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
766 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
769 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
772 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
775 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
778 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
781 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
782 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
783 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
784 loglevels are defined as follows:
786 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
787 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
788 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
789 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
790 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
791 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
792 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
793 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
795 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
796 Format: { n | nk | nM }
797 n must be a power of two. The default size
798 is set in the kernel config file.
800 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
801 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
802 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
803 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
804 specified in addition to the ports) causes
805 attached printers to be reset. Using
806 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
807 to associate lp devices with, starting with
808 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
809 that lp device, or a parport name such as
810 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
811 port specification list means that device IDs
812 from each port should be examined, to see if
813 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
814 so, the driver will manage that printer.
815 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
818 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
819 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
820 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
821 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
822 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
823 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
824 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
825 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
826 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
827 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
828 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
832 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
834 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
835 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
837 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
838 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
840 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
841 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
842 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
844 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
848 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
851 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
852 equal to this physical address is ignored.
854 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
855 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
858 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
859 Should be between 1 and 16384.
861 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
866 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
870 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
872 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
873 See Documentation/md.txt.
876 Format: <first>,<last>
877 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
879 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
880 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
881 to see the whole system memory or for test.
882 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
883 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
884 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
886 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
889 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
890 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
891 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
892 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
895 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
896 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
897 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
899 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
900 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
901 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
903 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
904 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
905 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
907 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
908 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
913 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
914 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
915 This debugging option can be used to override the
916 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
917 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
918 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
919 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
920 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
921 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
923 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
924 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
925 development purposes, not production environments.
928 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
930 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
931 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
932 increase verbosity of the detection process.
933 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
934 some more information, and 2 will be really
935 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
936 serial console attached to the system).
939 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
941 This debug option can be used to proportionally
942 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
943 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
944 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
945 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
946 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
947 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
948 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
951 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
952 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
953 development purposes, not production environments.
956 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
957 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
958 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
959 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
961 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
962 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
963 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
964 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
970 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
972 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
973 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
976 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
978 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
979 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
980 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
982 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
985 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
991 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
993 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
997 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
998 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
999 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1000 something different and driver-specific.
1001 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1005 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1007 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1008 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1010 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1011 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1012 channel should listen.
1014 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1015 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1018 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1020 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1021 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1024 noaliencache [MM, NUMA] Disables the allcoation of alien caches in
1025 the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, but will
1026 impact performance on real NUMA hardware.
1030 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1031 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1033 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1036 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1037 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1041 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1043 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1047 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1048 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1049 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1051 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1052 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1053 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1057 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1058 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1061 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1062 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1063 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1064 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1065 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1068 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1069 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1071 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1073 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1078 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1080 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1081 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1083 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1085 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1087 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1089 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1092 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1093 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1094 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1098 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1100 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1102 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1104 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1106 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1110 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1115 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1116 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1118 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1119 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1124 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1125 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1126 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1128 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1131 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1132 connected to, default is 0.
1134 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1135 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1138 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1139 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1140 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1141 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1142 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1143 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1144 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1145 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1146 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1147 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1148 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1149 are specified on the command line, starting
1152 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1153 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1154 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1155 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1156 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1157 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1158 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1160 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1161 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1164 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1167 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1168 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1169 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1174 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1175 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1177 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1178 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1179 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1180 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1181 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1182 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1183 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1184 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1185 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1186 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1188 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1190 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1192 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1193 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1194 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1195 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1196 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1197 done to get a device order compatible with
1199 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1200 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1201 on several machines and they hang the machine
1202 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1203 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1204 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1205 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1207 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1208 Use with caution as certain devices share
1209 address decoders between ROMs and other
1211 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1212 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1213 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1215 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1216 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1217 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1218 F0000h-100000h range.
1219 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1220 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1221 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1222 explicitly which ones they are.
1223 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1224 numbers ourselves, overriding
1225 whatever the firmware may have done.
1226 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1227 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1228 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1229 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1230 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1231 IRQ routing is enabled.
1232 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1233 or for PCI scanning.
1234 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1235 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1236 so this option is a temporary workaround
1237 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1238 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1239 just use the configuration from the
1240 bootloader. This is currently used on
1241 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1242 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1243 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1244 This might help on some broken boards which
1245 machine check when some devices' config space
1246 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1247 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1248 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1249 This sorting is done to get a device
1250 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1251 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1253 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1256 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1258 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1261 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1264 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1267 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1269 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1270 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1272 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1273 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1274 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1280 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1283 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1286 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1288 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1289 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1292 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1294 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1296 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1297 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1298 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1299 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1300 statistical time based profiling.
1301 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1303 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1304 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1305 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1307 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1308 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1309 instead using the legacy FADT method
1311 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1313 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1315 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1316 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1317 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1319 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1320 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1323 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1324 psmouse.smartscroll=
1325 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1326 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1328 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1330 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1333 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1335 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1340 See Documentation/md.txt.
1342 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1343 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1345 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1346 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1348 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1349 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1350 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1352 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1353 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1355 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1356 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1358 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1359 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1363 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1364 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1366 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1367 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1368 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1370 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1374 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1377 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1378 during initialization.
1381 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1383 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1384 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1385 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1386 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1387 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1389 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1390 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1392 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1393 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1395 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1397 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1399 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1400 mount the root filesystem
1402 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1404 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1406 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1408 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1411 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1414 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1416 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1418 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1420 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1421 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1423 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1424 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1426 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1427 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1429 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1430 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1433 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1434 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1435 (flags are integer value)
1437 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1439 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1440 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1441 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1442 user space to do the scan.
1444 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1445 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1446 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1449 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1450 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1451 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1453 selinux_compat_net =
1454 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1455 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1456 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1457 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1458 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1459 Value can be changed at runtime via
1460 /selinux/compat_net.
1462 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1464 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1467 Maximal number of shapers.
1470 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1476 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1477 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1482 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1484 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1490 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1492 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1494 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1496 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1498 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1500 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1502 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1504 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1506 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1508 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1512 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1522 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1524 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1526 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1528 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1530 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1532 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1534 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1536 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1540 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1542 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1544 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1549 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1551 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1553 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1555 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1557 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1559 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1567 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1571 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1573 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1575 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1581 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1583 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1585 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1587 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1592 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1594 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1596 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1598 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1600 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1602 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1604 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1607 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1609 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1610 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1612 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1613 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1615 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1621 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1623 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1624 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1627 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1631 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1632 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1633 as the initial boot-console.
1634 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1637 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1640 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1642 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1646 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1647 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1650 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1654 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1655 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1657 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1659 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1660 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1661 with the name specified.
1663 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1664 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1667 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1668 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1671 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1674 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1675 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1679 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1681 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1683 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1684 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1686 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1687 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1689 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1690 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1692 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1693 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1702 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1705 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1706 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1708 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1709 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1711 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1712 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1713 Documentation/svga.txt.
1714 Use vga=ask for menu.
1715 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1716 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1718 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1719 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1720 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1721 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1724 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1727 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1730 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1733 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1734 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1737 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1740 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1743 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1745 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1746 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1748 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1750 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1752 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1753 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1756 ______________________________________________________________________
1760 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1761 Add more DRM drivers.