tcp: TCP Small Queues

[firefly-linux-kernel-4.4.55.git] / Documentation / networking / ip-sysctl.txt

/proc/sys/net/ipv4/* Variables:

ip_forward - BOOLEAN
        0 - disabled (default)
        not 0 - enabled

        Forward Packets between interfaces.

        This variable is special, its change resets all configuration
        parameters to their default state (RFC1122 for hosts, RFC1812
        for routers)

ip_default_ttl - INTEGER
        Default value of TTL field (Time To Live) for outgoing (but not
        forwarded) IP packets. Should be between 1 and 255 inclusive.
        Default: 64 (as recommended by RFC1700)

ip_no_pmtu_disc - BOOLEAN
        Disable Path MTU Discovery.
        default FALSE

min_pmtu - INTEGER
        default 552 - minimum discovered Path MTU

route/max_size - INTEGER
        Maximum number of routes allowed in the kernel.  Increase
        this when using large numbers of interfaces and/or routes.

neigh/default/gc_thresh3 - INTEGER
        Maximum number of neighbor entries allowed.  Increase this
        when using large numbers of interfaces and when communicating
        with large numbers of directly-connected peers.

neigh/default/unres_qlen_bytes - INTEGER
        The maximum number of bytes which may be used by packets
        queued for each unresolved address by other network layers.
        (added in linux 3.3)

neigh/default/unres_qlen - INTEGER
        The maximum number of packets which may be queued for each
        unresolved address by other network layers.
        (deprecated in linux 3.3) : use unres_qlen_bytes instead.

mtu_expires - INTEGER
        Time, in seconds, that cached PMTU information is kept.

min_adv_mss - INTEGER
        The advertised MSS depends on the first hop route MTU, but will
        never be lower than this setting.

rt_cache_rebuild_count - INTEGER
        The per net-namespace route cache emergency rebuild threshold.
        Any net-namespace having its route cache rebuilt due to
        a hash bucket chain being too long more than this many times
        will have its route caching disabled

IP Fragmentation:

ipfrag_high_thresh - INTEGER
        Maximum memory used to reassemble IP fragments. When
        ipfrag_high_thresh bytes of memory is allocated for this purpose,
        the fragment handler will toss packets until ipfrag_low_thresh
        is reached.

ipfrag_low_thresh - INTEGER
        See ipfrag_high_thresh

ipfrag_time - INTEGER
        Time in seconds to keep an IP fragment in memory.

ipfrag_secret_interval - INTEGER
        Regeneration interval (in seconds) of the hash secret (or lifetime
        for the hash secret) for IP fragments.
        Default: 600

ipfrag_max_dist - INTEGER
        ipfrag_max_dist is a non-negative integer value which defines the
        maximum "disorder" which is allowed among fragments which share a
        common IP source address. Note that reordering of packets is
        not unusual, but if a large number of fragments arrive from a source
        IP address while a particular fragment queue remains incomplete, it
        probably indicates that one or more fragments belonging to that queue
        have been lost. When ipfrag_max_dist is positive, an additional check
        is done on fragments before they are added to a reassembly queue - if
        ipfrag_max_dist (or more) fragments have arrived from a particular IP
        address between additions to any IP fragment queue using that source
        address, it's presumed that one or more fragments in the queue are
        lost. The existing fragment queue will be dropped, and a new one
        started. An ipfrag_max_dist value of zero disables this check.

        Using a very small value, e.g. 1 or 2, for ipfrag_max_dist can
        result in unnecessarily dropping fragment queues when normal
        reordering of packets occurs, which could lead to poor application
        performance. Using a very large value, e.g. 50000, increases the
        likelihood of incorrectly reassembling IP fragments that originate
        from different IP datagrams, which could result in data corruption.
        Default: 64

INET peer storage:

inet_peer_threshold - INTEGER
        The approximate size of the storage.  Starting from this threshold
        entries will be thrown aggressively.  This threshold also determines
        entries' time-to-live and time intervals between garbage collection
        passes.  More entries, less time-to-live, less GC interval.

inet_peer_minttl - INTEGER
        Minimum time-to-live of entries.  Should be enough to cover fragment
        time-to-live on the reassembling side.  This minimum time-to-live  is
        guaranteed if the pool size is less than inet_peer_threshold.
        Measured in seconds.

inet_peer_maxttl - INTEGER
        Maximum time-to-live of entries.  Unused entries will expire after
        this period of time if there is no memory pressure on the pool (i.e.
        when the number of entries in the pool is very small).
        Measured in seconds.

TCP variables:

somaxconn - INTEGER
        Limit of socket listen() backlog, known in userspace as SOMAXCONN.
        Defaults to 128.  See also tcp_max_syn_backlog for additional tuning
        for TCP sockets.

tcp_abc - INTEGER
        Controls Appropriate Byte Count (ABC) defined in RFC3465.
        ABC is a way of increasing congestion window (cwnd) more slowly
        in response to partial acknowledgments.
        Possible values are:
                0 increase cwnd once per acknowledgment (no ABC)
                1 increase cwnd once per acknowledgment of full sized segment
                2 allow increase cwnd by two if acknowledgment is
                  of two segments to compensate for delayed acknowledgments.
        Default: 0 (off)

tcp_abort_on_overflow - BOOLEAN
        If listening service is too slow to accept new connections,
        reset them. Default state is FALSE. It means that if overflow
        occurred due to a burst, connection will recover. Enable this
        option _only_ if you are really sure that listening daemon
        cannot be tuned to accept connections faster. Enabling this
        option can harm clients of your server.

tcp_adv_win_scale - INTEGER
        Count buffering overhead as bytes/2^tcp_adv_win_scale
        (if tcp_adv_win_scale > 0) or bytes-bytes/2^(-tcp_adv_win_scale),
        if it is <= 0.
        Possible values are [-31, 31], inclusive.
        Default: 1

tcp_allowed_congestion_control - STRING
        Show/set the congestion control choices available to non-privileged
        processes. The list is a subset of those listed in
        tcp_available_congestion_control.
        Default is "reno" and the default setting (tcp_congestion_control).

tcp_app_win - INTEGER
        Reserve max(window/2^tcp_app_win, mss) of window for application
        buffer. Value 0 is special, it means that nothing is reserved.
        Default: 31

tcp_available_congestion_control - STRING
        Shows the available congestion control choices that are registered.
        More congestion control algorithms may be available as modules,
        but not loaded.

tcp_base_mss - INTEGER
        The initial value of search_low to be used by the packetization layer
        Path MTU discovery (MTU probing).  If MTU probing is enabled,
        this is the initial MSS used by the connection.

tcp_congestion_control - STRING
        Set the congestion control algorithm to be used for new
        connections. The algorithm "reno" is always available, but
        additional choices may be available based on kernel configuration.
        Default is set as part of kernel configuration.
        For passive connections, the listener congestion control choice
        is inherited.
        [see setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_TCP, TCP_CONGESTION, "name" ...) ]

tcp_cookie_size - INTEGER
        Default size of TCP Cookie Transactions (TCPCT) option, that may be
        overridden on a per socket basis by the TCPCT socket option.
        Values greater than the maximum (16) are interpreted as the maximum.
        Values greater than zero and less than the minimum (8) are interpreted
        as the minimum.  Odd values are interpreted as the next even value.
        Default: 0 (off).

tcp_dsack - BOOLEAN
        Allows TCP to send "duplicate" SACKs.

tcp_early_retrans - INTEGER
        Enable Early Retransmit (ER), per RFC 5827. ER lowers the threshold
        for triggering fast retransmit when the amount of outstanding data is
        small and when no previously unsent data can be transmitted (such
        that limited transmit could be used).
        Possible values:
                0 disables ER
                1 enables ER
                2 enables ER but delays fast recovery and fast retransmit
                  by a fourth of RTT. This mitigates connection falsely
                  recovers when network has a small degree of reordering
                  (less than 3 packets).
        Default: 2

tcp_ecn - INTEGER
        Enable Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in TCP. ECN is only
        used when both ends of the TCP flow support it. It is useful to
        avoid losses due to congestion (when the bottleneck router supports
        ECN).
        Possible values are:
                0 disable ECN
                1 ECN enabled
                2 Only server-side ECN enabled. If the other end does
                  not support ECN, behavior is like with ECN disabled.
        Default: 2

tcp_fack - BOOLEAN
        Enable FACK congestion avoidance and fast retransmission.
        The value is not used, if tcp_sack is not enabled.

tcp_fin_timeout - INTEGER
        Time to hold socket in state FIN-WAIT-2, if it was closed
        by our side. Peer can be broken and never close its side,
        or even died unexpectedly. Default value is 60sec.
        Usual value used in 2.2 was 180 seconds, you may restore
        it, but remember that if your machine is even underloaded WEB server,
        you risk to overflow memory with kilotons of dead sockets,
        FIN-WAIT-2 sockets are less dangerous than FIN-WAIT-1,
        because they eat maximum 1.5K of memory, but they tend
        to live longer. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.

tcp_frto - INTEGER
        Enables Forward RTO-Recovery (F-RTO) defined in RFC4138.
        F-RTO is an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission
        timeouts.  It is particularly beneficial in wireless environments
        where packet loss is typically due to random radio interference
        rather than intermediate router congestion.  F-RTO is sender-side
        only modification. Therefore it does not require any support from
        the peer.

        If set to 1, basic version is enabled.  2 enables SACK enhanced
        F-RTO if flow uses SACK.  The basic version can be used also when
        SACK is in use though scenario(s) with it exists where F-RTO
        interacts badly with the packet counting of the SACK enabled TCP
        flow.

tcp_frto_response - INTEGER
        When F-RTO has detected that a TCP retransmission timeout was
        spurious (i.e, the timeout would have been avoided had TCP set a
        longer retransmission timeout), TCP has several options what to do
        next. Possible values are:
                0 Rate halving based; a smooth and conservative response,
                  results in halved cwnd and ssthresh after one RTT
                1 Very conservative response; not recommended because even
                  though being valid, it interacts poorly with the rest of
                  Linux TCP, halves cwnd and ssthresh immediately
                2 Aggressive response; undoes congestion control measures
                  that are now known to be unnecessary (ignoring the
                  possibility of a lost retransmission that would require
                  TCP to be more cautious), cwnd and ssthresh are restored
                  to the values prior timeout
        Default: 0 (rate halving based)

tcp_keepalive_time - INTEGER
        How often TCP sends out keepalive messages when keepalive is enabled.
        Default: 2hours.

tcp_keepalive_probes - INTEGER
        How many keepalive probes TCP sends out, until it decides that the
        connection is broken. Default value: 9.

tcp_keepalive_intvl - INTEGER
        How frequently the probes are send out. Multiplied by
        tcp_keepalive_probes it is time to kill not responding connection,
        after probes started. Default value: 75sec i.e. connection
        will be aborted after ~11 minutes of retries.

tcp_low_latency - BOOLEAN
        If set, the TCP stack makes decisions that prefer lower
        latency as opposed to higher throughput.  By default, this
        option is not set meaning that higher throughput is preferred.
        An example of an application where this default should be
        changed would be a Beowulf compute cluster.
        Default: 0

tcp_max_orphans - INTEGER
        Maximal number of TCP sockets not attached to any user file handle,
        held by system. If this number is exceeded orphaned connections are
        reset immediately and warning is printed. This limit exists
        only to prevent simple DoS attacks, you _must_ not rely on this
        or lower the limit artificially, but rather increase it
        (probably, after increasing installed memory),
        if network conditions require more than default value,
        and tune network services to linger and kill such states
        more aggressively. Let me to remind again: each orphan eats
        up to ~64K of unswappable memory.

tcp_max_ssthresh - INTEGER
        Limited Slow-Start for TCP with large congestion windows (cwnd) defined in
        RFC3742. Limited slow-start is a mechanism to limit growth of the cwnd
        on the region where cwnd is larger than tcp_max_ssthresh. TCP increases cwnd
        by at most tcp_max_ssthresh segments, and by at least tcp_max_ssthresh/2
        segments per RTT when the cwnd is above tcp_max_ssthresh.
        If TCP connection increased cwnd to thousands (or tens of thousands) segments,
        and thousands of packets were being dropped during slow-start, you can set
        tcp_max_ssthresh to improve performance for new TCP connection.
        Default: 0 (off)

tcp_max_syn_backlog - INTEGER
        Maximal number of remembered connection requests, which have not
        received an acknowledgment from connecting client.
        The minimal value is 128 for low memory machines, and it will
        increase in proportion to the memory of machine.
        If server suffers from overload, try increasing this number.

tcp_max_tw_buckets - INTEGER
        Maximal number of timewait sockets held by system simultaneously.
        If this number is exceeded time-wait socket is immediately destroyed
        and warning is printed. This limit exists only to prevent
        simple DoS attacks, you _must_ not lower the limit artificially,
        but rather increase it (probably, after increasing installed memory),
        if network conditions require more than default value.

tcp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
        min: below this number of pages TCP is not bothered about its
        memory appetite.

        pressure: when amount of memory allocated by TCP exceeds this number
        of pages, TCP moderates its memory consumption and enters memory
        pressure mode, which is exited when memory consumption falls
        under "min".

        max: number of pages allowed for queueing by all TCP sockets.

        Defaults are calculated at boot time from amount of available
        memory.

tcp_moderate_rcvbuf - BOOLEAN
        If set, TCP performs receive buffer auto-tuning, attempting to
        automatically size the buffer (no greater than tcp_rmem[2]) to
        match the size required by the path for full throughput.  Enabled by
        default.

tcp_mtu_probing - INTEGER
        Controls TCP Packetization-Layer Path MTU Discovery.  Takes three
        values:
          0 - Disabled
          1 - Disabled by default, enabled when an ICMP black hole detected
          2 - Always enabled, use initial MSS of tcp_base_mss.

tcp_no_metrics_save - BOOLEAN
        By default, TCP saves various connection metrics in the route cache
        when the connection closes, so that connections established in the
        near future can use these to set initial conditions.  Usually, this
        increases overall performance, but may sometimes cause performance
        degradation.  If set, TCP will not cache metrics on closing
        connections.

tcp_orphan_retries - INTEGER
        This value influences the timeout of a locally closed TCP connection,
        when RTO retransmissions remain unacknowledged.
        See tcp_retries2 for more details.

        The default value is 8.
        If your machine is a loaded WEB server,
        you should think about lowering this value, such sockets
        may consume significant resources. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.

tcp_reordering - INTEGER
        Maximal reordering of packets in a TCP stream.
        Default: 3

tcp_retrans_collapse - BOOLEAN
        Bug-to-bug compatibility with some broken printers.
        On retransmit try to send bigger packets to work around bugs in
        certain TCP stacks.

tcp_retries1 - INTEGER
        This value influences the time, after which TCP decides, that
        something is wrong due to unacknowledged RTO retransmissions,
        and reports this suspicion to the network layer.
        See tcp_retries2 for more details.

        RFC 1122 recommends at least 3 retransmissions, which is the
        default.

tcp_retries2 - INTEGER
        This value influences the timeout of an alive TCP connection,
        when RTO retransmissions remain unacknowledged.
        Given a value of N, a hypothetical TCP connection following
        exponential backoff with an initial RTO of TCP_RTO_MIN would
        retransmit N times before killing the connection at the (N+1)th RTO.

        The default value of 15 yields a hypothetical timeout of 924.6
        seconds and is a lower bound for the effective timeout.
        TCP will effectively time out at the first RTO which exceeds the
        hypothetical timeout.

        RFC 1122 recommends at least 100 seconds for the timeout,
        which corresponds to a value of at least 8.

tcp_rfc1337 - BOOLEAN
        If set, the TCP stack behaves conforming to RFC1337. If unset,
        we are not conforming to RFC, but prevent TCP TIME_WAIT
        assassination.
        Default: 0

tcp_rmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
        min: Minimal size of receive buffer used by TCP sockets.
        It is guaranteed to each TCP socket, even under moderate memory
        pressure.
        Default: 1 page

        default: initial size of receive buffer used by TCP sockets.
        This value overrides net.core.rmem_default used by other protocols.
        Default: 87380 bytes. This value results in window of 65535 with
        default setting of tcp_adv_win_scale and tcp_app_win:0 and a bit
        less for default tcp_app_win. See below about these variables.

        max: maximal size of receive buffer allowed for automatically
        selected receiver buffers for TCP socket. This value does not override
        net.core.rmem_max.  Calling setsockopt() with SO_RCVBUF disables
        automatic tuning of that socket's receive buffer size, in which
        case this value is ignored.
        Default: between 87380B and 6MB, depending on RAM size.

tcp_sack - BOOLEAN
        Enable select acknowledgments (SACKS).

tcp_slow_start_after_idle - BOOLEAN
        If set, provide RFC2861 behavior and time out the congestion
        window after an idle period.  An idle period is defined at
        the current RTO.  If unset, the congestion window will not
        be timed out after an idle period.
        Default: 1

tcp_stdurg - BOOLEAN
        Use the Host requirements interpretation of the TCP urgent pointer field.
        Most hosts use the older BSD interpretation, so if you turn this on
        Linux might not communicate correctly with them.
        Default: FALSE

tcp_synack_retries - INTEGER
        Number of times SYNACKs for a passive TCP connection attempt will
        be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
        is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.

tcp_syncookies - BOOLEAN
        Only valid when the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_SYNCOOKIES
        Send out syncookies when the syn backlog queue of a socket
        overflows. This is to prevent against the common 'SYN flood attack'
        Default: FALSE

        Note, that syncookies is fallback facility.
        It MUST NOT be used to help highly loaded servers to stand
        against legal connection rate. If you see SYN flood warnings
        in your logs, but investigation shows that they occur
        because of overload with legal connections, you should tune
        another parameters until this warning disappear.
        See: tcp_max_syn_backlog, tcp_synack_retries, tcp_abort_on_overflow.

        syncookies seriously violate TCP protocol, do not allow
        to use TCP extensions, can result in serious degradation
        of some services (f.e. SMTP relaying), visible not by you,
        but your clients and relays, contacting you. While you see
        SYN flood warnings in logs not being really flooded, your server
        is seriously misconfigured.

tcp_syn_retries - INTEGER
        Number of times initial SYNs for an active TCP connection attempt
        will be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
        is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.

tcp_timestamps - BOOLEAN
        Enable timestamps as defined in RFC1323.

tcp_tso_win_divisor - INTEGER
        This allows control over what percentage of the congestion window
        can be consumed by a single TSO frame.
        The setting of this parameter is a choice between burstiness and
        building larger TSO frames.
        Default: 3

tcp_tw_recycle - BOOLEAN
        Enable fast recycling TIME-WAIT sockets. Default value is 0.
        It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
        experts.

tcp_tw_reuse - BOOLEAN
        Allow to reuse TIME-WAIT sockets for new connections when it is
        safe from protocol viewpoint. Default value is 0.
        It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
        experts.

tcp_window_scaling - BOOLEAN
        Enable window scaling as defined in RFC1323.

tcp_wmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
        min: Amount of memory reserved for send buffers for TCP sockets.
        Each TCP socket has rights to use it due to fact of its birth.
        Default: 1 page

        default: initial size of send buffer used by TCP sockets.  This
        value overrides net.core.wmem_default used by other protocols.
        It is usually lower than net.core.wmem_default.
        Default: 16K

        max: Maximal amount of memory allowed for automatically tuned
        send buffers for TCP sockets. This value does not override
        net.core.wmem_max.  Calling setsockopt() with SO_SNDBUF disables
        automatic tuning of that socket's send buffer size, in which case
        this value is ignored.
        Default: between 64K and 4MB, depending on RAM size.

tcp_workaround_signed_windows - BOOLEAN
        If set, assume no receipt of a window scaling option means the
        remote TCP is broken and treats the window as a signed quantity.
        If unset, assume the remote TCP is not broken even if we do
        not receive a window scaling option from them.
        Default: 0

tcp_dma_copybreak - INTEGER
        Lower limit, in bytes, of the size of socket reads that will be
        offloaded to a DMA copy engine, if one is present in the system
        and CONFIG_NET_DMA is enabled.
        Default: 4096

tcp_thin_linear_timeouts - BOOLEAN
        Enable dynamic triggering of linear timeouts for thin streams.
        If set, a check is performed upon retransmission by timeout to
        determine if the stream is thin (less than 4 packets in flight).
        As long as the stream is found to be thin, up to 6 linear
        timeouts may be performed before exponential backoff mode is
        initiated. This improves retransmission latency for
        non-aggressive thin streams, often found to be time-dependent.
        For more information on thin streams, see
        Documentation/networking/tcp-thin.txt
        Default: 0

tcp_thin_dupack - BOOLEAN
        Enable dynamic triggering of retransmissions after one dupACK
        for thin streams. If set, a check is performed upon reception
        of a dupACK to determine if the stream is thin (less than 4
        packets in flight). As long as the stream is found to be thin,
        data is retransmitted on the first received dupACK. This
        improves retransmission latency for non-aggressive thin
        streams, often found to be time-dependent.
        For more information on thin streams, see
        Documentation/networking/tcp-thin.txt
        Default: 0

tcp_limit_output_bytes - INTEGER
        Controls TCP Small Queue limit per tcp socket.
        TCP bulk sender tends to increase packets in flight until it
        gets losses notifications. With SNDBUF autotuning, this can
        result in a large amount of packets queued in qdisc/device
        on the local machine, hurting latency of other flows, for
        typical pfifo_fast qdiscs.
        tcp_limit_output_bytes limits the number of bytes on qdisc
        or device to reduce artificial RTT/cwnd and reduce bufferbloat.
        Note: For GSO/TSO enabled flows, we try to have at least two
        packets in flight. Reducing tcp_limit_output_bytes might also
        reduce the size of individual GSO packet (64KB being the max)
        Default: 131072

UDP variables:

udp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
        Number of pages allowed for queueing by all UDP sockets.

        min: Below this number of pages UDP is not bothered about its
        memory appetite. When amount of memory allocated by UDP exceeds
        this number, UDP starts to moderate memory usage.

        pressure: This value was introduced to follow format of tcp_mem.

        max: Number of pages allowed for queueing by all UDP sockets.

        Default is calculated at boot time from amount of available memory.

udp_rmem_min - INTEGER
        Minimal size of receive buffer used by UDP sockets in moderation.
        Each UDP socket is able to use the size for receiving data, even if
        total pages of UDP sockets exceed udp_mem pressure. The unit is byte.
        Default: 1 page

udp_wmem_min - INTEGER
        Minimal size of send buffer used by UDP sockets in moderation.
        Each UDP socket is able to use the size for sending data, even if
        total pages of UDP sockets exceed udp_mem pressure. The unit is byte.
        Default: 1 page

CIPSOv4 Variables:

cipso_cache_enable - BOOLEAN
        If set, enable additions to and lookups from the CIPSO label mapping
        cache.  If unset, additions are ignored and lookups always result in a
        miss.  However, regardless of the setting the cache is still
        invalidated when required when means you can safely toggle this on and
        off and the cache will always be "safe".
        Default: 1

cipso_cache_bucket_size - INTEGER
        The CIPSO label cache consists of a fixed size hash table with each
        hash bucket containing a number of cache entries.  This variable limits
        the number of entries in each hash bucket; the larger the value the
        more CIPSO label mappings that can be cached.  When the number of
        entries in a given hash bucket reaches this limit adding new entries
        causes the oldest entry in the bucket to be removed to make room.
        Default: 10

cipso_rbm_optfmt - BOOLEAN
        Enable the "Optimized Tag 1 Format" as defined in section 3.4.2.6 of
        the CIPSO draft specification (see Documentation/netlabel for details).
        This means that when set the CIPSO tag will be padded with empty
        categories in order to make the packet data 32-bit aligned.
        Default: 0

cipso_rbm_structvalid - BOOLEAN
        If set, do a very strict check of the CIPSO option when
        ip_options_compile() is called.  If unset, relax the checks done during
        ip_options_compile().  Either way is "safe" as errors are caught else
        where in the CIPSO processing code but setting this to 0 (False) should
        result in less work (i.e. it should be faster) but could cause problems
        with other implementations that require strict checking.
        Default: 0

IP Variables:

ip_local_port_range - 2 INTEGERS
        Defines the local port range that is used by TCP and UDP to
        choose the local port. The first number is the first, the
        second the last local port number. The default values are
        32768 and 61000 respectively.

ip_local_reserved_ports - list of comma separated ranges
        Specify the ports which are reserved for known third-party
        applications. These ports will not be used by automatic port
        assignments (e.g. when calling connect() or bind() with port
        number 0). Explicit port allocation behavior is unchanged.

        The format used for both input and output is a comma separated
        list of ranges (e.g. "1,2-4,10-10" for ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and
        10). Writing to the file will clear all previously reserved
        ports and update the current list with the one given in the
        input.

        Note that ip_local_port_range and ip_local_reserved_ports
        settings are independent and both are considered by the kernel
        when determining which ports are available for automatic port
        assignments.

        You can reserve ports which are not in the current
        ip_local_port_range, e.g.:

        $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
        32000   61000
        $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_reserved_ports
        8080,9148

        although this is redundant. However such a setting is useful
        if later the port range is changed to a value that will
        include the reserved ports.

        Default: Empty

ip_nonlocal_bind - BOOLEAN
        If set, allows processes to bind() to non-local IP addresses,
        which can be quite useful - but may break some applications.
        Default: 0

ip_dynaddr - BOOLEAN
        If set non-zero, enables support for dynamic addresses.
        If set to a non-zero value larger than 1, a kernel log
        message will be printed when dynamic address rewriting
        occurs.
        Default: 0

icmp_echo_ignore_all - BOOLEAN
        If set non-zero, then the kernel will ignore all ICMP ECHO
        requests sent to it.
        Default: 0

icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts - BOOLEAN
        If set non-zero, then the kernel will ignore all ICMP ECHO and
        TIMESTAMP requests sent to it via broadcast/multicast.
        Default: 1

icmp_ratelimit - INTEGER
        Limit the maximal rates for sending ICMP packets whose type matches
        icmp_ratemask (see below) to specific targets.
        0 to disable any limiting,
        otherwise the minimal space between responses in milliseconds.
        Default: 1000

icmp_ratemask - INTEGER
        Mask made of ICMP types for which rates are being limited.
        Significant bits: IHGFEDCBA9876543210
        Default mask:     0000001100000011000 (6168)

        Bit definitions (see include/linux/icmp.h):
                0 Echo Reply
                3 Destination Unreachable *
                4 Source Quench *
                5 Redirect
                8 Echo Request
                B Time Exceeded *
                C Parameter Problem *
                D Timestamp Request
                E Timestamp Reply
                F Info Request
                G Info Reply
                H Address Mask Request
                I Address Mask Reply

        * These are rate limited by default (see default mask above)

icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses - BOOLEAN
        Some routers violate RFC1122 by sending bogus responses to broadcast
        frames.  Such violations are normally logged via a kernel warning.
        If this is set to TRUE, the kernel will not give such warnings, which
        will avoid log file clutter.
        Default: FALSE

icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr - BOOLEAN

        If zero, icmp error messages are sent with the primary address of
        the exiting interface.

        If non-zero, the message will be sent with the primary address of
        the interface that received the packet that caused the icmp error.
        This is the behaviour network many administrators will expect from
        a router. And it can make debugging complicated network layouts
        much easier.

        Note that if no primary address exists for the interface selected,
        then the primary address of the first non-loopback interface that
        has one will be used regardless of this setting.

        Default: 0

igmp_max_memberships - INTEGER
        Change the maximum number of multicast groups we can subscribe to.
        Default: 20

        Theoretical maximum value is bounded by having to send a membership
        report in a single datagram (i.e. the report can't span multiple
        datagrams, or risk confusing the switch and leaving groups you don't
        intend to).

        The number of supported groups 'M' is bounded by the number of group
        report entries you can fit into a single datagram of 65535 bytes.

        M = 65536-sizeof (ip header)/(sizeof(Group record))

        Group records are variable length, with a minimum of 12 bytes.
        So net.ipv4.igmp_max_memberships should not be set higher than:

        (65536-24) / 12 = 5459

        The value 5459 assumes no IP header options, so in practice
        this number may be lower.

        conf/interface/*  changes special settings per interface (where
        "interface" is the name of your network interface)

        conf/all/*        is special, changes the settings for all interfaces

log_martians - BOOLEAN
        Log packets with impossible addresses to kernel log.
        log_martians for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
        conf/{all,interface}/log_martians is set to TRUE,
        it will be disabled otherwise

accept_redirects - BOOLEAN
        Accept ICMP redirect messages.
        accept_redirects for the interface will be enabled if:
        - both conf/{all,interface}/accept_redirects are TRUE in the case
          forwarding for the interface is enabled
        or
        - at least one of conf/{all,interface}/accept_redirects is TRUE in the
          case forwarding for the interface is disabled
        accept_redirects for the interface will be disabled otherwise
        default TRUE (host)
                FALSE (router)

forwarding - BOOLEAN
        Enable IP forwarding on this interface.

mc_forwarding - BOOLEAN
        Do multicast routing. The kernel needs to be compiled with CONFIG_MROUTE
        and a multicast routing daemon is required.
        conf/all/mc_forwarding must also be set to TRUE to enable multicast
        routing for the interface

medium_id - INTEGER
        Integer value used to differentiate the devices by the medium they
        are attached to. Two devices can have different id values when
        the broadcast packets are received only on one of them.
        The default value 0 means that the device is the only interface
        to its medium, value of -1 means that medium is not known.

        Currently, it is used to change the proxy_arp behavior:
        the proxy_arp feature is enabled for packets forwarded between
        two devices attached to different media.

proxy_arp - BOOLEAN
        Do proxy arp.
        proxy_arp for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
        conf/{all,interface}/proxy_arp is set to TRUE,
        it will be disabled otherwise

proxy_arp_pvlan - BOOLEAN
        Private VLAN proxy arp.
        Basically allow proxy arp replies back to the same interface
        (from which the ARP request/solicitation was received).

        This is done to support (ethernet) switch features, like RFC
        3069, where the individual ports are NOT allowed to
        communicate with each other, but they are allowed to talk to
        the upstream router.  As described in RFC 3069, it is possible
        to allow these hosts to communicate through the upstream
        router by proxy_arp'ing. Don't need to be used together with
        proxy_arp.

        This technology is known by different names:
          In RFC 3069 it is called VLAN Aggregation.
          Cisco and Allied Telesyn call it Private VLAN.
          Hewlett-Packard call it Source-Port filtering or port-isolation.
          Ericsson call it MAC-Forced Forwarding (RFC Draft).

shared_media - BOOLEAN
        Send(router) or accept(host) RFC1620 shared media redirects.
        Overrides ip_secure_redirects.
        shared_media for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
        conf/{all,interface}/shared_media is set to TRUE,
        it will be disabled otherwise
        default TRUE

secure_redirects - BOOLEAN
        Accept ICMP redirect messages only for gateways,
        listed in default gateway list.
        secure_redirects for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
        conf/{all,interface}/secure_redirects is set to TRUE,
        it will be disabled otherwise
        default TRUE

send_redirects - BOOLEAN
        Send redirects, if router.
        send_redirects for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
        conf/{all,interface}/send_redirects is set to TRUE,
        it will be disabled otherwise
        Default: TRUE

bootp_relay - BOOLEAN
        Accept packets with source address 0.b.c.d destined
        not to this host as local ones. It is supposed, that
        BOOTP relay daemon will catch and forward such packets.
        conf/all/bootp_relay must also be set to TRUE to enable BOOTP relay
        for the interface
        default FALSE
        Not Implemented Yet.

accept_source_route - BOOLEAN
        Accept packets with SRR option.
        conf/all/accept_source_route must also be set to TRUE to accept packets
        with SRR option on the interface
        default TRUE (router)
                FALSE (host)

accept_local - BOOLEAN
        Accept packets with local source addresses. In combination
        with suitable routing, this can be used to direct packets
        between two local interfaces over the wire and have them
        accepted properly.

        rp_filter must be set to a non-zero value in order for
        accept_local to have an effect.

        default FALSE

route_localnet - BOOLEAN
        Do not consider loopback addresses as martian source or destination
        while routing. This enables the use of 127/8 for local routing purposes.
        default FALSE

rp_filter - INTEGER
        0 - No source validation.
        1 - Strict mode as defined in RFC3704 Strict Reverse Path
            Each incoming packet is tested against the FIB and if the interface
            is not the best reverse path the packet check will fail.
            By default failed packets are discarded.
        2 - Loose mode as defined in RFC3704 Loose Reverse Path
            Each incoming packet's source address is also tested against the FIB
            and if the source address is not reachable via any interface
            the packet check will fail.

        Current recommended practice in RFC3704 is to enable strict mode
        to prevent IP spoofing from DDos attacks. If using asymmetric routing
        or other complicated routing, then loose mode is recommended.

        The max value from conf/{all,interface}/rp_filter is used
        when doing source validation on the {interface}.

        Default value is 0. Note that some distributions enable it
        in startup scripts.

arp_filter - BOOLEAN
        1 - Allows you to have multiple network interfaces on the same
        subnet, and have the ARPs for each interface be answered
        based on whether or not the kernel would route a packet from
        the ARP'd IP out that interface (therefore you must use source
        based routing for this to work). In other words it allows control
        of which cards (usually 1) will respond to an arp request.

        0 - (default) The kernel can respond to arp requests with addresses
        from other interfaces. This may seem wrong but it usually makes
        sense, because it increases the chance of successful communication.
        IP addresses are owned by the complete host on Linux, not by
        particular interfaces. Only for more complex setups like load-
        balancing, does this behaviour cause problems.

        arp_filter for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
        conf/{all,interface}/arp_filter is set to TRUE,
        it will be disabled otherwise

arp_announce - INTEGER
        Define different restriction levels for announcing the local
        source IP address from IP packets in ARP requests sent on
        interface:
        0 - (default) Use any local address, configured on any interface
        1 - Try to avoid local addresses that are not in the target's
        subnet for this interface. This mode is useful when target
        hosts reachable via this interface require the source IP
        address in ARP requests to be part of their logical network
        configured on the receiving interface. When we generate the
        request we will check all our subnets that include the
        target IP and will preserve the source address if it is from
        such subnet. If there is no such subnet we select source
        address according to the rules for level 2.
        2 - Always use the best local address for this target.
        In this mode we ignore the source address in the IP packet
        and try to select local address that we prefer for talks with
        the target host. Such local address is selected by looking
        for primary IP addresses on all our subnets on the outgoing
        interface that include the target IP address. If no suitable
        local address is found we select the first local address
        we have on the outgoing interface or on all other interfaces,
        with the hope we will receive reply for our request and
        even sometimes no matter the source IP address we announce.

        The max value from conf/{all,interface}/arp_announce is used.

        Increasing the restriction level gives more chance for
        receiving answer from the resolved target while decreasing
        the level announces more valid sender's information.

arp_ignore - INTEGER
        Define different modes for sending replies in response to
        received ARP requests that resolve local target IP addresses:
        0 - (default): reply for any local target IP address, configured
        on any interface
        1 - reply only if the target IP address is local address
        configured on the incoming interface
        2 - reply only if the target IP address is local address
        configured on the incoming interface and both with the
        sender's IP address are part from same subnet on this interface
        3 - do not reply for local addresses configured with scope host,
        only resolutions for global and link addresses are replied
        4-7 - reserved
        8 - do not reply for all local addresses

        The max value from conf/{all,interface}/arp_ignore is used
        when ARP request is received on the {interface}

arp_notify - BOOLEAN
        Define mode for notification of address and device changes.
        0 - (default): do nothing
        1 - Generate gratuitous arp requests when device is brought up
            or hardware address changes.

arp_accept - BOOLEAN
        Define behavior for gratuitous ARP frames who's IP is not
        already present in the ARP table:
        0 - don't create new entries in the ARP table
        1 - create new entries in the ARP table

        Both replies and requests type gratuitous arp will trigger the
        ARP table to be updated, if this setting is on.

        If the ARP table already contains the IP address of the
        gratuitous arp frame, the arp table will be updated regardless
        if this setting is on or off.


app_solicit - INTEGER
        The maximum number of probes to send to the user space ARP daemon
        via netlink before dropping back to multicast probes (see
        mcast_solicit).  Defaults to 0.

disable_policy - BOOLEAN
        Disable IPSEC policy (SPD) for this interface

disable_xfrm - BOOLEAN
        Disable IPSEC encryption on this interface, whatever the policy



tag - INTEGER
        Allows you to write a number, which can be used as required.
        Default value is 0.

Alexey Kuznetsov.
kuznet@ms2.inr.ac.ru

Updated by:
Andi Kleen
ak@muc.de
Nicolas Delon
delon.nicolas@wanadoo.fr




/proc/sys/net/ipv6/* Variables:

IPv6 has no global variables such as tcp_*.  tcp_* settings under ipv4/ also
apply to IPv6 [XXX?].

bindv6only - BOOLEAN
        Default value for IPV6_V6ONLY socket option,
        which restricts use of the IPv6 socket to IPv6 communication
        only.
                TRUE: disable IPv4-mapped address feature
                FALSE: enable IPv4-mapped address feature

        Default: FALSE (as specified in RFC3493)

IPv6 Fragmentation:

ip6frag_high_thresh - INTEGER
        Maximum memory used to reassemble IPv6 fragments. When
        ip6frag_high_thresh bytes of memory is allocated for this purpose,
        the fragment handler will toss packets until ip6frag_low_thresh
        is reached.

ip6frag_low_thresh - INTEGER
        See ip6frag_high_thresh

ip6frag_time - INTEGER
        Time in seconds to keep an IPv6 fragment in memory.

ip6frag_secret_interval - INTEGER
        Regeneration interval (in seconds) of the hash secret (or lifetime
        for the hash secret) for IPv6 fragments.
        Default: 600

conf/default/*:
        Change the interface-specific default settings.


conf/all/*:
        Change all the interface-specific settings.

        [XXX:  Other special features than forwarding?]

conf/all/forwarding - BOOLEAN
        Enable global IPv6 forwarding between all interfaces.

        IPv4 and IPv6 work differently here; e.g. netfilter must be used
        to control which interfaces may forward packets and which not.

        This also sets all interfaces' Host/Router setting
        'forwarding' to the specified value.  See below for details.

        This referred to as global forwarding.

proxy_ndp - BOOLEAN
        Do proxy ndp.

conf/interface/*:
        Change special settings per interface.

        The functional behaviour for certain settings is different
        depending on whether local forwarding is enabled or not.

accept_ra - INTEGER
        Accept Router Advertisements; autoconfigure using them.

        It also determines whether or not to transmit Router
        Solicitations. If and only if the functional setting is to
        accept Router Advertisements, Router Solicitations will be
        transmitted.

        Possible values are:
                0 Do not accept Router Advertisements.
                1 Accept Router Advertisements if forwarding is disabled.
                2 Overrule forwarding behaviour. Accept Router Advertisements
                  even if forwarding is enabled.

        Functional default: enabled if local forwarding is disabled.
                            disabled if local forwarding is enabled.

accept_ra_defrtr - BOOLEAN
        Learn default router in Router Advertisement.

        Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
                            disabled if accept_ra is disabled.

accept_ra_pinfo - BOOLEAN
        Learn Prefix Information in Router Advertisement.

        Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
                            disabled if accept_ra is disabled.

accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen - INTEGER
        Maximum prefix length of Route Information in RA.

        Route Information w/ prefix larger than or equal to this
        variable shall be ignored.

        Functional default: 0 if accept_ra_rtr_pref is enabled.
                            -1 if accept_ra_rtr_pref is disabled.

accept_ra_rtr_pref - BOOLEAN
        Accept Router Preference in RA.

        Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
                            disabled if accept_ra is disabled.

accept_redirects - BOOLEAN
        Accept Redirects.

        Functional default: enabled if local forwarding is disabled.
                            disabled if local forwarding is enabled.

accept_source_route - INTEGER
        Accept source routing (routing extension header).

        >= 0: Accept only routing header type 2.
        < 0: Do not accept routing header.

        Default: 0

autoconf - BOOLEAN
        Autoconfigure addresses using Prefix Information in Router
        Advertisements.

        Functional default: enabled if accept_ra_pinfo is enabled.
                            disabled if accept_ra_pinfo is disabled.

dad_transmits - INTEGER
        The amount of Duplicate Address Detection probes to send.
        Default: 1

forwarding - INTEGER
        Configure interface-specific Host/Router behaviour.

        Note: It is recommended to have the same setting on all
        interfaces; mixed router/host scenarios are rather uncommon.

        Possible values are:
                0 Forwarding disabled
                1 Forwarding enabled

        FALSE (0):

        By default, Host behaviour is assumed.  This means:

        1. IsRouter flag is not set in Neighbour Advertisements.
        2. If accept_ra is TRUE (default), transmit Router
           Solicitations.
        3. If accept_ra is TRUE (default), accept Router
           Advertisements (and do autoconfiguration).
        4. If accept_redirects is TRUE (default), accept Redirects.

        TRUE (1):

        If local forwarding is enabled, Router behaviour is assumed.
        This means exactly the reverse from the above:

        1. IsRouter flag is set in Neighbour Advertisements.
        2. Router Solicitations are not sent unless accept_ra is 2.
        3. Router Advertisements are ignored unless accept_ra is 2.
        4. Redirects are ignored.

        Default: 0 (disabled) if global forwarding is disabled (default),
                 otherwise 1 (enabled).

hop_limit - INTEGER
        Default Hop Limit to set.
        Default: 64

mtu - INTEGER
        Default Maximum Transfer Unit
        Default: 1280 (IPv6 required minimum)

router_probe_interval - INTEGER
        Minimum interval (in seconds) between Router Probing described
        in RFC4191.

        Default: 60

router_solicitation_delay - INTEGER
        Number of seconds to wait after interface is brought up
        before sending Router Solicitations.
        Default: 1

router_solicitation_interval - INTEGER
        Number of seconds to wait between Router Solicitations.
        Default: 4

router_solicitations - INTEGER
        Number of Router Solicitations to send until assuming no
        routers are present.
        Default: 3

use_tempaddr - INTEGER
        Preference for Privacy Extensions (RFC3041).
          <= 0 : disable Privacy Extensions
          == 1 : enable Privacy Extensions, but prefer public
                 addresses over temporary addresses.
          >  1 : enable Privacy Extensions and prefer temporary
                 addresses over public addresses.
        Default:  0 (for most devices)
                 -1 (for point-to-point devices and loopback devices)

temp_valid_lft - INTEGER
        valid lifetime (in seconds) for temporary addresses.
        Default: 604800 (7 days)

temp_prefered_lft - INTEGER
        Preferred lifetime (in seconds) for temporary addresses.
        Default: 86400 (1 day)

max_desync_factor - INTEGER
        Maximum value for DESYNC_FACTOR, which is a random value
        that ensures that clients don't synchronize with each
        other and generate new addresses at exactly the same time.
        value is in seconds.
        Default: 600

regen_max_retry - INTEGER
        Number of attempts before give up attempting to generate
        valid temporary addresses.
        Default: 5

max_addresses - INTEGER
        Maximum number of autoconfigured addresses per interface.  Setting
        to zero disables the limitation.  It is not recommended to set this
        value too large (or to zero) because it would be an easy way to
        crash the kernel by allowing too many addresses to be created.
        Default: 16

disable_ipv6 - BOOLEAN
        Disable IPv6 operation.  If accept_dad is set to 2, this value
        will be dynamically set to TRUE if DAD fails for the link-local
        address.
        Default: FALSE (enable IPv6 operation)

        When this value is changed from 1 to 0 (IPv6 is being enabled),
        it will dynamically create a link-local address on the given
        interface and start Duplicate Address Detection, if necessary.

        When this value is changed from 0 to 1 (IPv6 is being disabled),
        it will dynamically delete all address on the given interface.

accept_dad - INTEGER
        Whether to accept DAD (Duplicate Address Detection).
        0: Disable DAD
        1: Enable DAD (default)
        2: Enable DAD, and disable IPv6 operation if MAC-based duplicate
           link-local address has been found.

force_tllao - BOOLEAN
        Enable sending the target link-layer address option even when
        responding to a unicast neighbor solicitation.
        Default: FALSE

        Quoting from RFC 2461, section 4.4, Target link-layer address:

        "The option MUST be included for multicast solicitations in order to
        avoid infinite Neighbor Solicitation "recursion" when the peer node
        does not have a cache entry to return a Neighbor Advertisements
        message.  When responding to unicast solicitations, the option can be
        omitted since the sender of the solicitation has the correct link-
        layer address; otherwise it would not have be able to send the unicast
        solicitation in the first place. However, including the link-layer
        address in this case adds little overhead and eliminates a potential
        race condition where the sender deletes the cached link-layer address
        prior to receiving a response to a previous solicitation."

icmp/*:
ratelimit - INTEGER
        Limit the maximal rates for sending ICMPv6 packets.
        0 to disable any limiting,
        otherwise the minimal space between responses in milliseconds.
        Default: 1000


IPv6 Update by:
Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
YOSHIFUJI Hideaki / USAGI Project <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>


/proc/sys/net/bridge/* Variables:

bridge-nf-call-arptables - BOOLEAN
        1 : pass bridged ARP traffic to arptables' FORWARD chain.
        0 : disable this.
        Default: 1

bridge-nf-call-iptables - BOOLEAN
        1 : pass bridged IPv4 traffic to iptables' chains.
        0 : disable this.
        Default: 1

bridge-nf-call-ip6tables - BOOLEAN
        1 : pass bridged IPv6 traffic to ip6tables' chains.
        0 : disable this.
        Default: 1

bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged - BOOLEAN
        1 : pass bridged vlan-tagged ARP/IP/IPv6 traffic to {arp,ip,ip6}tables.
        0 : disable this.
        Default: 0

bridge-nf-filter-pppoe-tagged - BOOLEAN
        1 : pass bridged pppoe-tagged IP/IPv6 traffic to {ip,ip6}tables.
        0 : disable this.
        Default: 0

bridge-nf-pass-vlan-input-dev - BOOLEAN
        1: if bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged is enabled, try to find a vlan
        interface on the bridge and set the netfilter input device to the vlan.
        This allows use of e.g. "iptables -i br0.1" and makes the REDIRECT
        target work with vlan-on-top-of-bridge interfaces.  When no matching
        vlan interface is found, or this switch is off, the input device is
        set to the bridge interface.
        0: disable bridge netfilter vlan interface lookup.
        Default: 0

proc/sys/net/sctp/* Variables:

addip_enable - BOOLEAN
        Enable or disable extension of  Dynamic Address Reconfiguration
        (ADD-IP) functionality specified in RFC5061.  This extension provides
        the ability to dynamically add and remove new addresses for the SCTP
        associations.

        1: Enable extension.

        0: Disable extension.

        Default: 0

addip_noauth_enable - BOOLEAN
        Dynamic Address Reconfiguration (ADD-IP) requires the use of
        authentication to protect the operations of adding or removing new
        addresses.  This requirement is mandated so that unauthorized hosts
        would not be able to hijack associations.  However, older
        implementations may not have implemented this requirement while
        allowing the ADD-IP extension.  For reasons of interoperability,
        we provide this variable to control the enforcement of the
        authentication requirement.

        1: Allow ADD-IP extension to be used without authentication.  This
           should only be set in a closed environment for interoperability
           with older implementations.

        0: Enforce the authentication requirement

        Default: 0

auth_enable - BOOLEAN
        Enable or disable Authenticated Chunks extension.  This extension
        provides the ability to send and receive authenticated chunks and is
        required for secure operation of Dynamic Address Reconfiguration
        (ADD-IP) extension.

        1: Enable this extension.
        0: Disable this extension.

        Default: 0

prsctp_enable - BOOLEAN
        Enable or disable the Partial Reliability extension (RFC3758) which
        is used to notify peers that a given DATA should no longer be expected.

        1: Enable extension
        0: Disable

        Default: 1

max_burst - INTEGER
        The limit of the number of new packets that can be initially sent.  It
        controls how bursty the generated traffic can be.

        Default: 4

association_max_retrans - INTEGER
        Set the maximum number for retransmissions that an association can
        attempt deciding that the remote end is unreachable.  If this value
        is exceeded, the association is terminated.

        Default: 10

max_init_retransmits - INTEGER
        The maximum number of retransmissions of INIT and COOKIE-ECHO chunks
        that an association will attempt before declaring the destination
        unreachable and terminating.

        Default: 8

path_max_retrans - INTEGER
        The maximum number of retransmissions that will be attempted on a given
        path.  Once this threshold is exceeded, the path is considered
        unreachable, and new traffic will use a different path when the
        association is multihomed.

        Default: 5

rto_initial - INTEGER
        The initial round trip timeout value in milliseconds that will be used
        in calculating round trip times.  This is the initial time interval
        for retransmissions.

        Default: 3000

rto_max - INTEGER
        The maximum value (in milliseconds) of the round trip timeout.  This
        is the largest time interval that can elapse between retransmissions.

        Default: 60000

rto_min - INTEGER
        The minimum value (in milliseconds) of the round trip timeout.  This
        is the smallest time interval the can elapse between retransmissions.

        Default: 1000

hb_interval - INTEGER
        The interval (in milliseconds) between HEARTBEAT chunks.  These chunks
        are sent at the specified interval on idle paths to probe the state of
        a given path between 2 associations.

        Default: 30000

sack_timeout - INTEGER
        The amount of time (in milliseconds) that the implementation will wait
        to send a SACK.

        Default: 200

valid_cookie_life - INTEGER
        The default lifetime of the SCTP cookie (in milliseconds).  The cookie
        is used during association establishment.

        Default: 60000

cookie_preserve_enable - BOOLEAN
        Enable or disable the ability to extend the lifetime of the SCTP cookie
        that is used during the establishment phase of SCTP association

        1: Enable cookie lifetime extension.
        0: Disable

        Default: 1

rcvbuf_policy - INTEGER
        Determines if the receive buffer is attributed to the socket or to
        association.   SCTP supports the capability to create multiple
        associations on a single socket.  When using this capability, it is
        possible that a single stalled association that's buffering a lot
        of data may block other associations from delivering their data by
        consuming all of the receive buffer space.  To work around this,
        the rcvbuf_policy could be set to attribute the receiver buffer space
        to each association instead of the socket.  This prevents the described
        blocking.

        1: rcvbuf space is per association
        0: recbuf space is per socket

        Default: 0

sndbuf_policy - INTEGER
        Similar to rcvbuf_policy above, this applies to send buffer space.

        1: Send buffer is tracked per association
        0: Send buffer is tracked per socket.

        Default: 0

sctp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
        Number of pages allowed for queueing by all SCTP sockets.

        min: Below this number of pages SCTP is not bothered about its
        memory appetite. When amount of memory allocated by SCTP exceeds
        this number, SCTP starts to moderate memory usage.

        pressure: This value was introduced to follow format of tcp_mem.

        max: Number of pages allowed for queueing by all SCTP sockets.

        Default is calculated at boot time from amount of available memory.

sctp_rmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
        Only the first value ("min") is used, "default" and "max" are
        ignored.

        min: Minimal size of receive buffer used by SCTP socket.
        It is guaranteed to each SCTP socket (but not association) even
        under moderate memory pressure.

        Default: 1 page

sctp_wmem  - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
        Currently this tunable has no effect.

addr_scope_policy - INTEGER
        Control IPv4 address scoping - draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctp-ipv4-00

        0   - Disable IPv4 address scoping
        1   - Enable IPv4 address scoping
        2   - Follow draft but allow IPv4 private addresses
        3   - Follow draft but allow IPv4 link local addresses

        Default: 1


/proc/sys/net/core/*
        Please see: Documentation/sysctl/net.txt for descriptions of these entries.


/proc/sys/net/unix/*
max_dgram_qlen - INTEGER
        The maximum length of dgram socket receive queue

        Default: 10


UNDOCUMENTED:

/proc/sys/net/irda/*
        fast_poll_increase FIXME
        warn_noreply_time FIXME
        discovery_slots FIXME
        slot_timeout FIXME
        max_baud_rate FIXME
        discovery_timeout FIXME
        lap_keepalive_time FIXME
        max_noreply_time FIXME
        max_tx_data_size FIXME
        max_tx_window FIXME
        min_tx_turn_time FIXME