2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static unsigned long phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
42 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
44 unsigned long start, size;
47 start = memparse(p, &endp);
49 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
51 phys_initrd_start = start;
52 phys_initrd_size = size;
56 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
58 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
60 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
61 "please update your bootloader.\n");
62 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
63 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
67 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
69 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
71 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
72 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
76 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
78 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
79 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(u64 start, u64 end)
81 phys_initrd_start = start;
82 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
84 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
87 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
88 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
89 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
91 struct meminfo meminfo;
93 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
95 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
96 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
97 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
99 printk("Mem-info:\n");
100 show_free_areas(filter);
102 if (filter & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT)
105 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
106 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
107 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
108 struct page *page, *end;
110 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
111 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
113 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
114 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
118 if (PageReserved(page))
120 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
122 else if (PageSlab(page))
124 else if (!page_count(page))
127 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
129 } while (page < end);
132 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
133 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
134 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
135 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
136 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
137 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
140 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
141 unsigned long *max_high)
143 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
146 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
147 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
148 for_each_bank (i, mi)
149 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
151 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
152 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
155 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
156 unsigned long end_pfn)
158 struct memblock_region *reg;
159 unsigned int boot_pages;
164 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
165 * of memory which has already been mapped.
167 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
168 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
169 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
172 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
173 * memory banks over to bootmem.
176 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
177 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
179 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
180 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
181 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
182 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
189 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
192 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
193 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
194 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
195 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
202 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
203 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
207 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
209 unsigned long arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
210 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
213 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
214 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
215 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
216 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
218 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit;
220 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
221 unsigned long dma_size)
223 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
226 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
227 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
228 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
233 void __init setup_dma_zone(struct machine_desc *mdesc)
235 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
236 if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) {
237 arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size;
238 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
240 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
244 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
245 unsigned long max_high)
247 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
248 struct memblock_region *reg;
251 * initialise the zones.
253 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
256 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
257 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
258 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
260 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
261 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
262 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
266 * Calculate the size of the holes.
267 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
269 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
270 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
271 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
272 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
274 if (start < max_low) {
275 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
276 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
278 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
280 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
281 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
286 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
288 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
291 if (arm_dma_zone_size)
292 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
293 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
296 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
299 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
300 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
302 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
304 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
307 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
308 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
312 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
314 struct memblock_region *reg;
316 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
317 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
318 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
322 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted = true;
324 phys_addr_t __init arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
328 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted);
330 phys = memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
331 memblock_free(phys, size);
332 memblock_remove(phys, size);
337 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi, struct machine_desc *mdesc)
341 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
342 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
344 //#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_ROCKCHIP
345 for (i = 1; i < memblock.memory.cnt; i++) {
346 struct memblock_region *rgn = &memblock.memory.regions[i];
348 if (rgn->size != memblock.memory.regions[i-1].size)
349 memblock_reserve(rgn->base+rgn->size-PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);
353 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
354 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
355 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
357 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
359 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
360 if (phys_initrd_size &&
361 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
362 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
363 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
364 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
366 if (phys_initrd_size &&
367 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
368 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08lx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
369 phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
370 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
372 if (phys_initrd_size) {
373 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
375 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
376 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
377 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
381 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
382 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
384 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
389 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
390 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
392 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit, arm_lowmem_limit));
394 arm_memblock_steal_permitted = false;
395 memblock_allow_resize();
399 void __init bootmem_init(void)
401 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
403 max_low = max_high = 0;
405 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
407 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
410 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
411 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
413 arm_memory_present();
416 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
421 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
422 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
423 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
425 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
428 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
429 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
430 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
432 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
433 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
435 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
436 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
440 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
441 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
443 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
446 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
451 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
453 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
454 unsigned long pg, pgend;
457 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
459 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
460 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
463 * Convert to physical addresses, and
464 * round start upwards and end downwards.
466 pg = (unsigned long)PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
467 pgend = (unsigned long)__pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
470 * If there are free pages between these,
471 * free the section of the memmap array.
474 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
478 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
480 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
482 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
486 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
487 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
489 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
490 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
492 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
494 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
496 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
497 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
499 bank_start = min(bank_start,
500 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
503 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
504 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
505 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
507 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
510 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
511 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
513 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
514 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
517 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
518 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
519 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
521 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
524 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
525 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
526 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
527 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
531 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
532 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end)
534 for (; pfn < end; pfn++)
535 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
539 static void __init free_highpages(void)
541 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
542 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
543 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
545 /* set highmem page free */
546 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
547 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
548 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
550 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
554 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
558 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
559 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
560 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
562 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
563 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
567 if (res_start < start)
573 if (res_start != start)
574 free_area_high(start, res_start);
580 /* And now free anything which remains */
582 free_area_high(start, end);
588 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
589 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
590 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
592 void __init mem_init(void)
594 unsigned long reserved_pages, free_pages;
595 struct memblock_region *reg;
597 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
598 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
603 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
605 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
606 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
608 totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem();
611 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
612 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, 0, NULL);
617 reserved_pages = free_pages = 0;
619 for_each_bank(i, &meminfo) {
620 struct membank *bank = &meminfo.bank[i];
621 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
622 struct page *page, *end;
624 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
625 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
627 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
628 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
631 if (PageReserved(page))
633 else if (!page_count(page))
636 } while (page < end);
640 * Since our memory may not be contiguous, calculate the
641 * real number of pages we have in this system
643 printk(KERN_INFO "Memory:");
645 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
646 unsigned long pages = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg) -
647 memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
648 num_physpages += pages;
649 printk(" %ldMB", pages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
651 printk(" = %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
653 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luk/%luk available, %luk reserved, %luK highmem\n",
654 nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
655 free_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
656 reserved_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
657 totalhigh_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT-10));
659 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
660 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
661 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
663 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
664 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
665 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
666 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
667 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
669 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
670 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
671 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
672 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
673 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
675 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
676 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
678 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
679 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
680 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
681 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
683 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
685 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
686 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
687 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
689 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
690 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
691 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
692 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
693 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
696 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
697 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
700 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
701 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
702 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
703 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
710 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
711 * be detected at build time already.
714 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
715 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
718 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
719 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
720 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
723 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
724 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
726 * On a machine this small we won't get
727 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
730 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
734 void free_initmem(void)
736 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
737 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
739 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
740 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end, 0, "TCM link");
743 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
744 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
745 free_initmem_default(0);
748 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
750 static int keep_initrd;
752 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
755 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
756 free_reserved_area(start, end, 0, "initrd");
760 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
766 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);