2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
26 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
27 #include <asm/memblock.h>
29 #include <asm/sections.h>
30 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
34 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
39 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
40 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
42 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
48 start = memparse(p, &endp);
50 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
52 phys_initrd_start = start;
53 phys_initrd_size = size;
57 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
59 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
61 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
62 "please update your bootloader.\n");
63 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
64 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
68 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
70 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
72 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
73 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
77 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
80 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
81 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
82 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
84 struct meminfo meminfo;
86 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
88 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
89 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
90 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
92 printk("Mem-info:\n");
93 show_free_areas(filter);
95 if (filter & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT)
98 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
99 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
100 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
101 struct page *page, *end;
103 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
104 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
106 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
107 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
111 if (PageReserved(page))
113 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
115 else if (PageSlab(page))
117 else if (!page_count(page))
120 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
122 } while (page < end);
125 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
126 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
127 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
128 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
129 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
130 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
133 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
134 unsigned long *max_high)
136 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
139 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
140 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
141 for_each_bank (i, mi)
142 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
144 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
145 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
148 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
149 unsigned long end_pfn)
151 struct memblock_region *reg;
152 unsigned int boot_pages;
157 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
158 * of memory which has already been mapped.
160 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
161 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
162 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
165 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
166 * memory banks over to bootmem.
169 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
170 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
172 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
173 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
174 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
175 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
182 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
185 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
186 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
187 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
188 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
195 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
196 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
200 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
202 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
203 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
206 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
207 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
208 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
209 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
211 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit;
212 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit;
214 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
215 unsigned long dma_size)
217 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
220 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
221 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
222 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
227 void __init setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
229 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
230 if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) {
231 arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size;
232 arm_dma_limit = __pv_phys_offset + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
234 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
235 arm_dma_pfn_limit = arm_dma_limit >> PAGE_SHIFT;
239 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
240 unsigned long max_high)
242 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
243 struct memblock_region *reg;
246 * initialise the zones.
248 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
251 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
252 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
253 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
255 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
256 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
257 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
261 * Calculate the size of the holes.
262 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
264 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
265 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
266 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
267 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
269 if (start < max_low) {
270 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
271 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
273 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
275 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
276 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
281 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
283 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
286 if (arm_dma_zone_size)
287 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
288 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
291 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
294 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
295 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
297 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
299 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
302 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
303 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
307 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
309 struct memblock_region *reg;
311 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
312 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
313 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
317 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted = true;
319 phys_addr_t __init arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
323 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted);
325 phys = memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
326 memblock_free(phys, size);
327 memblock_remove(phys, size);
332 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi,
333 const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
337 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
338 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
340 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
341 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
342 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
344 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
346 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
347 /* FDT scan will populate initrd_start */
349 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(initrd_start);
350 phys_initrd_size = initrd_end - initrd_start;
352 if (phys_initrd_size &&
353 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
354 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
355 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
356 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
358 if (phys_initrd_size &&
359 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
360 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
361 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
362 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
364 if (phys_initrd_size) {
365 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
367 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
368 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
369 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
373 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
374 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
376 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
381 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
382 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
384 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit, arm_lowmem_limit));
386 arm_memblock_steal_permitted = false;
387 memblock_allow_resize();
391 void __init bootmem_init(void)
393 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
395 max_low = max_high = 0;
397 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
399 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
402 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
403 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
405 arm_memory_present();
408 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
413 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
414 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
415 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
417 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
420 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
421 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
422 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
425 max_low_pfn = max_low;
430 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
431 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
433 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
436 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
441 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
443 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
444 phys_addr_t pg, pgend;
447 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
449 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
450 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
453 * Convert to physical addresses, and
454 * round start upwards and end downwards.
456 pg = PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
457 pgend = __pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
460 * If there are free pages between these,
461 * free the section of the memmap array.
464 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
468 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
470 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
472 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
476 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
477 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
479 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
480 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
482 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
484 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
486 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
487 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
489 bank_start = min(bank_start,
490 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
493 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
494 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
495 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
497 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
500 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
501 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
503 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
504 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
507 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
508 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
509 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
511 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
514 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
515 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
516 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
517 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
521 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
522 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end)
524 for (; pfn < end; pfn++)
525 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
529 static void __init free_highpages(void)
531 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
532 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn;
533 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
535 /* set highmem page free */
536 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
537 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
538 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
540 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
544 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
548 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
549 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
550 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
552 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
553 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
557 if (res_start < start)
563 if (res_start != start)
564 free_area_high(start, res_start);
570 /* And now free anything which remains */
572 free_area_high(start, end);
578 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
579 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
580 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
582 void __init mem_init(void)
584 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
585 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
590 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
592 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
593 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
597 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
598 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, -1, NULL);
603 mem_init_print_info(NULL);
605 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
606 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
607 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
609 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
610 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
611 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
612 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
613 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
615 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
616 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
617 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
618 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
619 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
621 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
622 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
624 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
625 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
626 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
627 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
629 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
631 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
632 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
633 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
635 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
636 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
637 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
638 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
639 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
642 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
643 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
646 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
647 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
648 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
649 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
656 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
657 * be detected at build time already.
660 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
661 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
664 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
665 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
666 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
669 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
670 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
672 * On a machine this small we won't get
673 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
676 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
680 void free_initmem(void)
682 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
683 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
685 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
686 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end, -1, "TCM link");
689 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
690 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
691 free_initmem_default(-1);
694 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
696 static int keep_initrd;
698 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
701 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
702 free_reserved_area((void *)start, (void *)end, -1, "initrd");
706 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
712 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);