2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/of_reserved_mem.h>
21 #include <linux/highmem.h>
22 #include <linux/gfp.h>
23 #include <linux/memblock.h>
24 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
25 #include <linux/sizes.h>
27 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
28 #include <asm/memblock.h>
30 #include <asm/sections.h>
31 #include <asm/setup.h>
33 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
35 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
36 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
40 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata = 0;
41 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata = 0;
43 static int __init early_initrd(char *p)
49 start = memparse(p, &endp);
51 size = memparse(endp + 1, NULL);
53 phys_initrd_start = start;
54 phys_initrd_size = size;
58 early_param("initrd", early_initrd);
60 static int __init parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag *tag)
62 printk(KERN_WARNING "ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
63 "please update your bootloader.\n");
64 phys_initrd_start = __virt_to_phys(tag->u.initrd.start);
65 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
69 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD, parse_tag_initrd);
71 static int __init parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag *tag)
73 phys_initrd_start = tag->u.initrd.start;
74 phys_initrd_size = tag->u.initrd.size;
78 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2, parse_tag_initrd2);
80 #ifdef CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE
81 void __init early_init_dt_setup_initrd_arch(u64 start, u64 end)
83 phys_initrd_start = start;
84 phys_initrd_size = end - start;
86 #endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLATTREE */
89 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
90 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
91 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
93 struct meminfo meminfo;
95 void show_mem(unsigned int filter)
97 int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
98 int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0, i;
99 struct meminfo * mi = &meminfo;
101 printk("Mem-info:\n");
102 show_free_areas(filter);
104 if (filter & SHOW_MEM_FILTER_PAGE_COUNT)
107 for_each_bank (i, mi) {
108 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
109 unsigned int pfn1, pfn2;
110 struct page *page, *end;
112 pfn1 = bank_pfn_start(bank);
113 pfn2 = bank_pfn_end(bank);
115 page = pfn_to_page(pfn1);
116 end = pfn_to_page(pfn2 - 1) + 1;
120 if (PageReserved(page))
122 else if (PageSwapCache(page))
124 else if (PageSlab(page))
126 else if (!page_count(page))
129 shared += page_count(page) - 1;
131 } while (page < end);
134 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
135 printk("%d free pages\n", free);
136 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
137 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
138 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
139 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
142 static void __init find_limits(unsigned long *min, unsigned long *max_low,
143 unsigned long *max_high)
145 struct meminfo *mi = &meminfo;
148 /* This assumes the meminfo array is properly sorted */
149 *min = bank_pfn_start(&mi->bank[0]);
150 for_each_bank (i, mi)
151 if (mi->bank[i].highmem)
153 *max_low = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[i - 1]);
154 *max_high = bank_pfn_end(&mi->bank[mi->nr_banks - 1]);
157 static void __init arm_bootmem_init(unsigned long start_pfn,
158 unsigned long end_pfn)
160 struct memblock_region *reg;
161 unsigned int boot_pages;
166 * Allocate the bootmem bitmap page. This must be in a region
167 * of memory which has already been mapped.
169 boot_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(end_pfn - start_pfn);
170 bitmap = memblock_alloc_base(boot_pages << PAGE_SHIFT, L1_CACHE_BYTES,
171 __pfn_to_phys(end_pfn));
174 * Initialise the bootmem allocator, handing the
175 * memory banks over to bootmem.
178 pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
179 init_bootmem_node(pgdat, __phys_to_pfn(bitmap), start_pfn, end_pfn);
181 /* Free the lowmem regions from memblock into bootmem. */
182 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
183 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
184 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
191 free_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start), (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT);
194 /* Reserve the lowmem memblock reserved regions in bootmem. */
195 for_each_memblock(reserved, reg) {
196 unsigned long start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(reg);
197 unsigned long end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(reg);
204 reserve_bootmem(__pfn_to_phys(start),
205 (end - start) << PAGE_SHIFT, BOOTMEM_DEFAULT);
209 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
211 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly;
212 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size);
215 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
216 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
217 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
218 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
220 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit;
221 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit;
223 static void __init arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size, unsigned long *hole,
224 unsigned long dma_size)
226 if (size[0] <= dma_size)
229 size[ZONE_NORMAL] = size[0] - dma_size;
230 size[ZONE_DMA] = dma_size;
231 hole[ZONE_NORMAL] = hole[0];
236 void __init setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
238 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
239 if (mdesc->dma_zone_size) {
240 arm_dma_zone_size = mdesc->dma_zone_size;
241 arm_dma_limit = PHYS_OFFSET + arm_dma_zone_size - 1;
243 arm_dma_limit = 0xffffffff;
244 arm_dma_pfn_limit = arm_dma_limit >> PAGE_SHIFT;
248 static void __init arm_bootmem_free(unsigned long min, unsigned long max_low,
249 unsigned long max_high)
251 unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES], zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
252 struct memblock_region *reg;
255 * initialise the zones.
257 memset(zone_size, 0, sizeof(zone_size));
260 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
261 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
262 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
264 zone_size[0] = max_low - min;
265 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
266 zone_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] = max_high - max_low;
270 * Calculate the size of the holes.
271 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
273 memcpy(zhole_size, zone_size, sizeof(zhole_size));
274 for_each_memblock(memory, reg) {
275 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg);
276 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg);
278 if (start < max_low) {
279 unsigned long low_end = min(end, max_low);
280 zhole_size[0] -= low_end - start;
282 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
284 unsigned long high_start = max(start, max_low);
285 zhole_size[ZONE_HIGHMEM] -= end - high_start;
290 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
292 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
295 if (arm_dma_zone_size)
296 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size, zhole_size,
297 arm_dma_zone_size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
300 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size, min, zhole_size);
303 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
304 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn)
306 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn));
308 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid);
311 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
312 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
316 static void __init arm_memory_present(void)
318 struct memblock_region *reg;
320 for_each_memblock(memory, reg)
321 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg),
322 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg));
326 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted = true;
328 phys_addr_t __init arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size, phys_addr_t align)
332 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted);
334 phys = memblock_alloc_base(size, align, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE);
335 memblock_free(phys, size);
336 memblock_remove(phys, size);
341 void __init arm_memblock_init(struct meminfo *mi,
342 const struct machine_desc *mdesc)
346 for (i = 0; i < mi->nr_banks; i++)
347 memblock_add(mi->bank[i].start, mi->bank[i].size);
349 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
350 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
351 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata), _end - _sdata);
353 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext), _end - _stext);
355 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
356 if (phys_initrd_size &&
357 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
358 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
359 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
360 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
362 if (phys_initrd_size &&
363 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size)) {
364 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
365 (u64)phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
366 phys_initrd_start = phys_initrd_size = 0;
368 if (phys_initrd_size) {
369 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start, phys_initrd_size);
371 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
372 initrd_start = __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start);
373 initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;
377 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
378 arm_dt_memblock_reserve();
380 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
384 early_init_dt_scan_reserved_mem();
387 * reserve memory for DMA contigouos allocations,
388 * must come from DMA area inside low memory
390 dma_contiguous_reserve(min(arm_dma_limit, arm_lowmem_limit));
392 arm_memblock_steal_permitted = false;
393 memblock_allow_resize();
397 void __init bootmem_init(void)
399 unsigned long min, max_low, max_high;
401 max_low = max_high = 0;
403 find_limits(&min, &max_low, &max_high);
405 arm_bootmem_init(min, max_low);
408 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
409 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
411 arm_memory_present();
414 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
419 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
420 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
421 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
423 arm_bootmem_free(min, max_low, max_high);
426 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
427 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
428 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
430 * Note: max_low_pfn and max_pfn reflect the number of _pages_ in
431 * the system, not the maximum PFN.
433 max_low_pfn = max_low - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
434 max_pfn = max_high - PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
438 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
439 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
441 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s, size_t count)
444 for (; count != 0; count -= 4)
449 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
451 struct page *start_pg, *end_pg;
452 phys_addr_t pg, pgend;
455 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
457 start_pg = pfn_to_page(start_pfn - 1) + 1;
458 end_pg = pfn_to_page(end_pfn - 1) + 1;
461 * Convert to physical addresses, and
462 * round start upwards and end downwards.
464 pg = PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg));
465 pgend = __pa(end_pg) & PAGE_MASK;
468 * If there are free pages between these,
469 * free the section of the memmap array.
472 free_bootmem(pg, pgend - pg);
476 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
478 static void __init free_unused_memmap(struct meminfo *mi)
480 unsigned long bank_start, prev_bank_end = 0;
484 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
485 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
487 for_each_bank(i, mi) {
488 struct membank *bank = &mi->bank[i];
490 bank_start = bank_pfn_start(bank);
492 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
494 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
495 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
497 bank_start = min(bank_start,
498 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
501 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
502 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
503 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
505 bank_start = round_down(bank_start, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
508 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
509 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
511 if (prev_bank_end && prev_bank_end < bank_start)
512 free_memmap(prev_bank_end, bank_start);
515 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
516 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
517 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
519 prev_bank_end = ALIGN(bank_pfn_end(bank), MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
522 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
523 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION))
524 free_memmap(prev_bank_end,
525 ALIGN(prev_bank_end, PAGES_PER_SECTION));
529 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
530 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long end)
532 for (; pfn < end; pfn++)
533 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn));
537 static void __init free_highpages(void)
539 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
540 unsigned long max_low = max_low_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET;
541 struct memblock_region *mem, *res;
543 /* set highmem page free */
544 for_each_memblock(memory, mem) {
545 unsigned long start = memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem);
546 unsigned long end = memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem);
548 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
552 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
556 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
557 for_each_memblock(reserved, res) {
558 unsigned long res_start, res_end;
560 res_start = memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res);
561 res_end = memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res);
565 if (res_start < start)
571 if (res_start != start)
572 free_area_high(start, res_start);
578 /* And now free anything which remains */
580 free_area_high(start, end);
586 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
587 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
588 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
590 void __init mem_init(void)
592 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
593 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
598 max_mapnr = pfn_to_page(max_pfn + PHYS_PFN_OFFSET) - mem_map;
600 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
601 free_unused_memmap(&meminfo);
605 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
606 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET), swapper_pg_dir, -1, NULL);
611 mem_init_print_info(NULL);
613 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
614 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
615 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
617 printk(KERN_NOTICE "Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
618 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
619 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
620 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
621 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
623 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
624 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
625 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
626 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
627 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
629 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
630 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
632 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
633 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
634 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n"
635 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4d kB)\n",
637 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE) +
639 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
640 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) dtcm_end),
641 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET, (unsigned long) itcm_end),
643 MLK(FIXADDR_START, FIXADDR_TOP),
644 MLM(VMALLOC_START, VMALLOC_END),
645 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long)high_memory),
646 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
647 MLM(PKMAP_BASE, (PKMAP_BASE) + (LAST_PKMAP) *
650 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
651 MLM(MODULES_VADDR, MODULES_END),
654 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text, _etext),
655 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin, __init_end),
656 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata, _edata),
657 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start, __bss_stop));
664 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
665 * be detected at build time already.
668 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
669 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE > MODULES_VADDR);
672 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
673 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
674 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE + LAST_PKMAP * PAGE_SIZE > PAGE_OFFSET);
677 if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
678 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;
680 * On a machine this small we won't get
681 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
684 sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
688 void free_initmem(void)
690 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
691 extern char __tcm_start, __tcm_end;
693 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end - &__tcm_start);
694 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start, &__tcm_end, -1, "TCM link");
697 poison_init_mem(__init_begin, __init_end - __init_begin);
698 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
699 free_initmem_default(-1);
702 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
704 static int keep_initrd;
706 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
709 poison_init_mem((void *)start, PAGE_ALIGN(end) - start);
710 free_reserved_area((void *)start, (void *)end, -1, "initrd");
714 static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
720 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);