2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
6 * Memory region support
7 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
9 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
12 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
15 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
21 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
31 #include <linux/initrd.h>
32 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
33 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
34 #include <linux/console.h>
35 #include <linux/mca.h>
36 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
37 #include <linux/highmem.h>
38 #include <linux/module.h>
39 #include <linux/efi.h>
40 #include <linux/init.h>
41 #include <linux/edd.h>
42 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
43 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
44 #include <linux/kexec.h>
45 #include <linux/dmi.h>
46 #include <linux/pfn.h>
47 #include <linux/pci.h>
48 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
49 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
50 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/errno.h>
53 #include <linux/kernel.h>
54 #include <linux/stddef.h>
55 #include <linux/unistd.h>
56 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
57 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/user.h>
59 #include <linux/delay.h>
61 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
62 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
63 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
64 #include <linux/ctype.h>
65 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
67 #include <linux/percpu.h>
68 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
69 #include <linux/tboot.h>
71 #include <video/edid.h>
76 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
77 #include <asm/setup.h>
79 #include <asm/timer.h>
80 #include <asm/i8259.h>
81 #include <asm/sections.h>
83 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
86 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
87 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
88 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
89 #include <asm/processor.h>
92 #include <asm/system.h>
93 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
97 #include <asm/iommu.h>
99 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
100 #include <asm/proto.h>
102 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
103 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
105 #include <asm/percpu.h>
106 #include <asm/topology.h>
107 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
109 #include <asm/numa_64.h>
113 * end_pfn only includes RAM, while max_pfn_mapped includes all e820 entries.
114 * The direct mapping extends to max_pfn_mapped, so that we can directly access
115 * apertures, ACPI and other tables without having to play with fixmaps.
117 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
118 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
120 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
122 unsigned int boot_cpu_id __read_mostly;
124 static __initdata unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
125 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
128 int default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu)
130 return __default_cpu_present_to_apicid(mps_cpu);
133 int default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid)
135 return __default_check_phys_apicid_present(phys_apicid);
139 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_BOOT_PARAMS
140 struct boot_params __initdata boot_params;
142 struct boot_params boot_params;
148 static struct resource data_resource = {
149 .name = "Kernel data",
152 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
155 static struct resource code_resource = {
156 .name = "Kernel code",
159 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
162 static struct resource bss_resource = {
163 .name = "Kernel bss",
166 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
171 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
172 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data __cpuinitdata = {0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1};
173 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
174 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1};
175 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
176 static void set_mca_bus(int x)
183 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
185 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
186 unsigned int machine_id;
187 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
188 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
190 struct apm_info apm_info;
191 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
193 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
194 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
195 struct ist_info ist_info;
196 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
198 struct ist_info ist_info;
202 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
203 .x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS,
205 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
209 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
210 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features;
212 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features = X86_CR4_PAE;
215 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
216 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
221 struct screen_info screen_info;
222 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
223 struct edid_info edid_info;
224 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
226 extern int root_mountflags;
228 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
230 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
231 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
232 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
234 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
235 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
236 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
239 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
241 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
245 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
246 * from boot_params into a safe place.
249 static inline void copy_edd(void)
251 memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
252 sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
253 memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
254 edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
255 edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
258 static inline void copy_edd(void)
263 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
265 size_t mask = align - 1;
268 BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
269 BUG_ON(align & mask);
271 _brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
272 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
274 ret = (void *)_brk_end;
277 memset(ret, 0, size);
283 static void __init init_gbpages(void)
285 if (direct_gbpages && cpu_has_gbpages)
286 printk(KERN_INFO "Using GB pages for direct mapping\n");
291 static inline void init_gbpages(void)
296 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
298 if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
299 reserve_early(__pa(_brk_start), __pa(_brk_end), "BRK");
301 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
306 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
308 #define MAX_MAP_CHUNK (NR_FIX_BTMAPS << PAGE_SHIFT)
309 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
312 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
313 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
314 u64 end_of_lowmem = max_low_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT;
316 unsigned long slop, clen, mapaddr;
319 /* We need to move the initrd down into lowmem */
320 ramdisk_here = find_e820_area(0, end_of_lowmem, ramdisk_size,
323 if (ramdisk_here == -1ULL)
324 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
327 /* Note: this includes all the lowmem currently occupied by
328 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
329 reserve_early(ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size,
331 initrd_start = ramdisk_here + PAGE_OFFSET;
332 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
333 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: %08llx - %08llx\n",
334 ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size);
336 q = (char *)initrd_start;
338 /* Copy any lowmem portion of the initrd */
339 if (ramdisk_image < end_of_lowmem) {
340 clen = end_of_lowmem - ramdisk_image;
341 p = (char *)__va(ramdisk_image);
344 ramdisk_image += clen;
345 ramdisk_size -= clen;
348 /* Copy the highmem portion of the initrd */
349 while (ramdisk_size) {
350 slop = ramdisk_image & ~PAGE_MASK;
352 if (clen > MAX_MAP_CHUNK-slop)
353 clen = MAX_MAP_CHUNK-slop;
354 mapaddr = ramdisk_image & PAGE_MASK;
355 p = early_memremap(mapaddr, clen+slop);
356 memcpy(q, p+slop, clen);
357 early_iounmap(p, clen+slop);
359 ramdisk_image += clen;
360 ramdisk_size -= clen;
362 /* high pages is not converted by early_res_to_bootmem */
363 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
364 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
365 printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from %016llx - %016llx to"
366 " %08llx - %08llx\n",
367 ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
368 ramdisk_here, ramdisk_here + ramdisk_size - 1);
371 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
373 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
374 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
375 u64 ramdisk_end = ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size;
376 u64 end_of_lowmem = max_low_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT;
378 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
379 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
380 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
384 if (ramdisk_size >= (end_of_lowmem>>1)) {
385 free_early(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end);
386 printk(KERN_ERR "initrd too large to handle, "
387 "disabling initrd\n");
391 printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: %08llx - %08llx\n", ramdisk_image,
395 if (ramdisk_end <= end_of_lowmem) {
396 /* All in lowmem, easy case */
398 * don't need to reserve again, already reserved early
399 * in i386_start_kernel
401 initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
402 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
408 free_early(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end);
411 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
414 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
416 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
418 struct setup_data *data;
421 if (boot_params.hdr.version < 0x0209)
423 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
425 data = early_memremap(pa_data, PAGE_SIZE);
426 switch (data->type) {
428 parse_e820_ext(data, pa_data);
433 pa_data = data->next;
434 early_iounmap(data, PAGE_SIZE);
438 static void __init e820_reserve_setup_data(void)
440 struct setup_data *data;
444 if (boot_params.hdr.version < 0x0209)
446 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
448 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
449 e820_update_range(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len,
450 E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED_KERN);
452 pa_data = data->next;
453 early_iounmap(data, sizeof(*data));
458 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
459 memcpy(&e820_saved, &e820, sizeof(struct e820map));
460 printk(KERN_INFO "extended physical RAM map:\n");
461 e820_print_map("reserve setup_data");
464 static void __init reserve_early_setup_data(void)
466 struct setup_data *data;
470 if (boot_params.hdr.version < 0x0209)
472 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
474 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
475 sprintf(buf, "setup data %x", data->type);
476 reserve_early(pa_data, pa_data+sizeof(*data)+data->len, buf);
477 pa_data = data->next;
478 early_iounmap(data, sizeof(*data));
483 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
489 * Reserve @size bytes of crashkernel memory at any suitable offset.
491 * @size: Size of the crashkernel memory to reserve.
492 * Returns the base address on success, and -1ULL on failure.
495 unsigned long long __init find_and_reserve_crashkernel(unsigned long long size)
497 const unsigned long long alignment = 16<<20; /* 16M */
498 unsigned long long start = 0LL;
503 start = find_e820_area(start, ULONG_MAX, size, alignment);
507 /* try to reserve it */
508 ret = reserve_bootmem_generic(start, size, BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE);
516 static inline unsigned long long get_total_mem(void)
518 unsigned long long total;
520 total = max_low_pfn - min_low_pfn;
521 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
522 total += highend_pfn - highstart_pfn;
525 return total << PAGE_SHIFT;
528 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
530 unsigned long long total_mem;
531 unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base;
534 total_mem = get_total_mem();
536 ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem,
537 &crash_size, &crash_base);
538 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
541 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
542 if (crash_base <= 0) {
543 crash_base = find_and_reserve_crashkernel(crash_size);
544 if (crash_base == -1ULL) {
545 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed. "
546 "No suitable area found.\n");
550 ret = reserve_bootmem_generic(crash_base, crash_size,
553 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - "
554 "memory is in use\n");
559 printk(KERN_INFO "Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB "
560 "for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
561 (unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
562 (unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
563 (unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
565 crashk_res.start = crash_base;
566 crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
567 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
570 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
575 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
576 { .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
577 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
578 { .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
579 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
580 { .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
581 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
582 { .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
583 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
584 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
585 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
586 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
587 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
588 { .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
589 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
590 { .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
591 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
592 { .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
593 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
594 { .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
595 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
598 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
602 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
603 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
604 request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
609 * Note: elfcorehdr_addr is not just limited to vmcore. It is also used by
610 * is_kdump_kernel() to determine if we are booting after a panic. Hence
611 * ifdef it under CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP and not CONFIG_PROC_VMCORE.
614 #ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
615 /* elfcorehdr= specifies the location of elf core header
616 * stored by the crashed kernel. This option will be passed
617 * by kexec loader to the capture kernel.
619 static int __init setup_elfcorehdr(char *arg)
624 elfcorehdr_addr = memparse(arg, &end);
625 return end > arg ? 0 : -EINVAL;
627 early_param("elfcorehdr", setup_elfcorehdr);
630 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW_64K
631 static int __init dmi_low_memory_corruption(const struct dmi_system_id *d)
634 "%s detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it.\n",
637 e820_update_range(0, 0x10000, E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED);
638 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
644 /* List of systems that have known low memory corruption BIOS problems */
645 static struct dmi_system_id __initdata bad_bios_dmi_table[] = {
646 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW_64K
648 .callback = dmi_low_memory_corruption,
651 DMI_MATCH(DMI_BIOS_VENDOR, "American Megatrends Inc."),
655 .callback = dmi_low_memory_corruption,
656 .ident = "Phoenix BIOS",
658 DMI_MATCH(DMI_BIOS_VENDOR, "Phoenix Technologies"),
663 * AMI BIOS with low memory corruption was found on Intel DG45ID board.
664 * It hase different DMI_BIOS_VENDOR = "Intel Corp.", for now we will
665 * match only DMI_BOARD_NAME and see if there is more bad products
668 .callback = dmi_low_memory_corruption,
671 DMI_MATCH(DMI_BOARD_NAME, "DG45ID"),
679 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
680 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
681 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
682 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
683 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
686 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
688 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
691 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
694 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
695 visws_early_detect();
697 printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
700 /* VMI may relocate the fixmap; do this before touching ioremap area */
704 early_ioremap_init();
706 ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
707 screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
708 edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
710 apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
711 ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
712 if (boot_params.sys_desc_table.length != 0) {
713 set_mca_bus(boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[3] & 0x2);
714 machine_id = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[0];
715 machine_submodel_id = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[1];
716 BIOS_revision = boot_params.sys_desc_table.table[2];
719 saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
720 bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
721 if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
722 bootloader_type &= 0xf;
723 bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
725 bootloader_version = bootloader_type & 0xf;
726 bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
728 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
729 rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
730 rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
731 rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
734 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
746 x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
750 /* update the e820_saved too */
751 e820_reserve_setup_data();
755 if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
756 root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
757 init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
758 init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
759 init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
760 init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
762 code_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_text);
763 code_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_etext)-1;
764 data_resource.start = virt_to_phys(_etext);
765 data_resource.end = virt_to_phys(_edata)-1;
766 bss_resource.start = virt_to_phys(&__bss_start);
767 bss_resource.end = virt_to_phys(&__bss_stop)-1;
769 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
770 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
771 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
773 if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
774 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
775 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
776 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
777 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
782 strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
783 *cmdline_p = command_line;
787 * Must call this twice: Once just to detect whether hardware doesn't
788 * support NX (so that the early EHCI debug console setup can safely
789 * call set_fixmap(), and then again after parsing early parameters to
790 * honor the respective command line option.
801 /* Must be before kernel pagetables are setup */
804 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
805 reserve_early_setup_data();
807 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
808 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
811 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
815 if (pci_early_dump_regs)
816 early_dump_pci_devices();
819 finish_e820_parsing();
826 dmi_check_system(bad_bios_dmi_table);
829 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
830 * needs to be done after dmi_scan_machine, for the BP.
832 init_hypervisor_platform();
834 x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
836 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
837 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
838 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
839 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
843 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
844 e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_RAM,
846 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
847 printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
848 e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
851 early_gart_iommu_check();
855 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
856 * we are rounding upwards:
858 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
860 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
861 early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
862 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
864 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
865 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
868 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
869 find_low_pfn_range();
871 num_physpages = max_pfn;
875 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
876 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
877 if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
878 max_low_pfn = e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn();
880 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
882 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
883 max_pfn_mapped = KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE >> PAGE_SHIFT;
886 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
887 setup_bios_corruption_check();
890 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped : 0 - %08lx\n",
891 max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT);
897 /* max_pfn_mapped is updated here */
898 max_low_pfn_mapped = init_memory_mapping(0, max_low_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
899 max_pfn_mapped = max_low_pfn_mapped;
902 if (max_pfn > max_low_pfn) {
903 max_pfn_mapped = init_memory_mapping(1UL<<32,
904 max_pfn<<PAGE_SHIFT);
905 /* can we preseve max_low_pfn ?*/
906 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
911 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
914 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
915 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
916 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
926 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
928 acpi_boot_table_init();
930 early_acpi_boot_init();
932 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA
934 * Parse SRAT to discover nodes.
939 initmem_init(0, max_pfn);
941 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP
943 * Reserve low memory region for sleep support.
945 acpi_reserve_bootmem();
948 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
952 reserve_crashkernel();
956 * dma32_reserve_bootmem() allocates bootmem which may conflict
957 * with the crashkernel command line, so do that after
958 * reserve_crashkernel()
960 dma32_reserve_bootmem();
963 reserve_ibft_region();
965 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK
969 x86_init.paging.pagetable_setup_start(swapper_pg_dir);
971 x86_init.paging.pagetable_setup_done(swapper_pg_dir);
979 generic_apic_probe();
984 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
989 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
991 if (smp_found_config)
994 prefill_possible_map();
1000 init_apic_mappings();
1001 ioapic_init_mappings();
1003 /* need to wait for io_apic is mapped */
1004 probe_nr_irqs_gsi();
1008 e820_reserve_resources();
1009 e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn);
1011 x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1016 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1017 if (!efi_enabled || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1018 conswitchp = &vga_con;
1019 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1020 conswitchp = &dummy_con;
1023 x86_init.oem.banner();
1026 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1028 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1029 .name = "Video RAM area",
1032 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1035 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1037 request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1038 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1041 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */