2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
6 * Memory region support
7 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
9 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
12 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
15 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
21 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/sfi.h>
31 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
32 #include <linux/initrd.h>
33 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
34 #include <linux/memblock.h>
35 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
36 #include <linux/console.h>
37 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
38 #include <linux/highmem.h>
39 #include <linux/module.h>
40 #include <linux/efi.h>
41 #include <linux/init.h>
42 #include <linux/edd.h>
43 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
44 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
45 #include <linux/kexec.h>
46 #include <linux/dmi.h>
47 #include <linux/pfn.h>
48 #include <linux/pci.h>
49 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
50 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
51 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
54 #include <linux/errno.h>
55 #include <linux/kernel.h>
56 #include <linux/stddef.h>
57 #include <linux/unistd.h>
58 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
59 #include <linux/user.h>
60 #include <linux/delay.h>
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
64 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
65 #include <linux/ctype.h>
66 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
68 #include <linux/percpu.h>
69 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
70 #include <linux/tboot.h>
71 #include <linux/jiffies.h>
73 #include <video/edid.h>
77 #include <asm/realmode.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
82 #include <asm/timer.h>
83 #include <asm/i8259.h>
84 #include <asm/sections.h>
85 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
87 #include <asm/setup_arch.h>
88 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
89 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90 #include <asm/processor.h>
92 #include <asm/kasan.h>
94 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
98 #include <asm/iommu.h>
100 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
101 #include <asm/proto.h>
103 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
104 #include <asm/hypervisor.h>
105 #include <asm/olpc_ofw.h>
107 #include <asm/percpu.h>
108 #include <asm/topology.h>
109 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
110 #include <asm/amd_nb.h>
112 #include <asm/alternative.h>
113 #include <asm/prom.h>
114 #include <asm/microcode.h>
117 * max_low_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn under 4GB
118 * max_pfn_mapped: highest direct mapped pfn over 4GB
120 * The direct mapping only covers E820_RAM regions, so the ranges and gaps are
121 * represented by pfn_mapped
123 unsigned long max_low_pfn_mapped;
124 unsigned long max_pfn_mapped;
127 RESERVE_BRK(dmi_alloc, 65536);
131 static __initdata unsigned long _brk_start = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
132 unsigned long _brk_end = (unsigned long)__brk_base;
135 int default_cpu_present_to_apicid(int mps_cpu)
137 return __default_cpu_present_to_apicid(mps_cpu);
140 int default_check_phys_apicid_present(int phys_apicid)
142 return __default_check_phys_apicid_present(phys_apicid);
146 struct boot_params boot_params;
151 static struct resource data_resource = {
152 .name = "Kernel data",
155 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
158 static struct resource code_resource = {
159 .name = "Kernel code",
162 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
165 static struct resource bss_resource = {
166 .name = "Kernel bss",
169 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
174 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
175 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data = {
178 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
179 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
182 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
184 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp;
186 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
187 unsigned int machine_id;
188 unsigned int machine_submodel_id;
189 unsigned int BIOS_revision;
191 struct apm_info apm_info;
192 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info);
194 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
195 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
196 struct ist_info ist_info;
197 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info);
199 struct ist_info ist_info;
203 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly = {
204 .x86_phys_bits = MAX_PHYSMEM_BITS,
206 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data);
210 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
211 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features;
213 __visible unsigned long mmu_cr4_features = X86_CR4_PAE;
216 /* Boot loader ID and version as integers, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
217 int bootloader_type, bootloader_version;
222 struct screen_info screen_info;
223 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info);
224 struct edid_info edid_info;
225 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info);
227 extern int root_mountflags;
229 unsigned long saved_video_mode;
231 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
232 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
233 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
235 static char __initdata command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
236 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
237 static char __initdata builtin_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE] = CONFIG_CMDLINE;
240 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
242 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
246 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
247 * from boot_params into a safe place.
250 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
252 memcpy(edd.mbr_signature, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
253 sizeof(edd.mbr_signature));
254 memcpy(edd.edd_info, boot_params.eddbuf, sizeof(edd.edd_info));
255 edd.mbr_signature_nr = boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries;
256 edd.edd_info_nr = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
259 static inline void __init copy_edd(void)
264 void * __init extend_brk(size_t size, size_t align)
266 size_t mask = align - 1;
269 BUG_ON(_brk_start == 0);
270 BUG_ON(align & mask);
272 _brk_end = (_brk_end + mask) & ~mask;
273 BUG_ON((char *)(_brk_end + size) > __brk_limit);
275 ret = (void *)_brk_end;
278 memset(ret, 0, size);
284 static void __init cleanup_highmap(void)
289 static void __init reserve_brk(void)
291 if (_brk_end > _brk_start)
292 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_brk_start),
293 _brk_end - _brk_start);
295 /* Mark brk area as locked down and no longer taking any
300 u64 relocated_ramdisk;
302 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
304 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_image(void)
306 u64 ramdisk_image = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_image;
308 ramdisk_image |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_image << 32;
310 return ramdisk_image;
312 static u64 __init get_ramdisk_size(void)
314 u64 ramdisk_size = boot_params.hdr.ramdisk_size;
316 ramdisk_size |= (u64)boot_params.ext_ramdisk_size << 32;
321 static void __init relocate_initrd(void)
323 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
324 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
325 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
326 u64 area_size = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_size);
328 /* We need to move the initrd down into directly mapped mem */
329 relocated_ramdisk = memblock_find_in_range(0, PFN_PHYS(max_pfn_mapped),
330 area_size, PAGE_SIZE);
332 if (!relocated_ramdisk)
333 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
336 /* Note: this includes all the mem currently occupied by
337 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
338 memblock_reserve(relocated_ramdisk, area_size);
339 initrd_start = relocated_ramdisk + PAGE_OFFSET;
340 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
341 printk(KERN_INFO "Allocated new RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
342 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
344 copy_from_early_mem((void *)initrd_start, ramdisk_image, ramdisk_size);
346 printk(KERN_INFO "Move RAMDISK from [mem %#010llx-%#010llx] to"
347 " [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n",
348 ramdisk_image, ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size - 1,
349 relocated_ramdisk, relocated_ramdisk + ramdisk_size - 1);
352 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
354 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
355 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
356 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
357 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
359 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
360 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
361 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
363 memblock_reserve(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
365 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
367 /* Assume only end is not page aligned */
368 u64 ramdisk_image = get_ramdisk_image();
369 u64 ramdisk_size = get_ramdisk_size();
370 u64 ramdisk_end = PAGE_ALIGN(ramdisk_image + ramdisk_size);
373 if (!boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader ||
374 !ramdisk_image || !ramdisk_size)
375 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
379 mapped_size = memblock_mem_size(max_pfn_mapped);
380 if (ramdisk_size >= (mapped_size>>1))
381 panic("initrd too large to handle, "
382 "disabling initrd (%lld needed, %lld available)\n",
383 ramdisk_size, mapped_size>>1);
385 printk(KERN_INFO "RAMDISK: [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n", ramdisk_image,
388 if (pfn_range_is_mapped(PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_image),
389 PFN_DOWN(ramdisk_end))) {
390 /* All are mapped, easy case */
391 initrd_start = ramdisk_image + PAGE_OFFSET;
392 initrd_end = initrd_start + ramdisk_size;
398 memblock_free(ramdisk_image, ramdisk_end - ramdisk_image);
401 static void __init early_reserve_initrd(void)
404 static void __init reserve_initrd(void)
407 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
409 static void __init parse_setup_data(void)
411 struct setup_data *data;
412 u64 pa_data, pa_next;
414 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
416 u32 data_len, data_type;
418 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
419 data_len = data->len + sizeof(struct setup_data);
420 data_type = data->type;
421 pa_next = data->next;
422 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
426 parse_e820_ext(pa_data, data_len);
432 parse_efi_setup(pa_data, data_len);
441 static void __init e820_reserve_setup_data(void)
443 struct setup_data *data;
446 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
451 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
452 e820_update_range(pa_data, sizeof(*data)+data->len,
453 E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED_KERN);
454 pa_data = data->next;
455 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
458 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
459 memcpy(&e820_saved, &e820, sizeof(struct e820map));
460 printk(KERN_INFO "extended physical RAM map:\n");
461 e820_print_map("reserve setup_data");
464 static void __init memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data(void)
466 struct setup_data *data;
469 pa_data = boot_params.hdr.setup_data;
471 data = early_memremap(pa_data, sizeof(*data));
472 memblock_reserve(pa_data, sizeof(*data) + data->len);
473 pa_data = data->next;
474 early_memunmap(data, sizeof(*data));
479 * --------- Crashkernel reservation ------------------------------
482 #ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
484 /* 16M alignment for crash kernel regions */
485 #define CRASH_ALIGN (16 << 20)
488 * Keep the crash kernel below this limit. On 32 bits earlier kernels
489 * would limit the kernel to the low 512 MiB due to mapping restrictions.
490 * On 64bit, old kexec-tools need to under 896MiB.
493 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX (512 << 20)
494 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX (512 << 20)
496 # define CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX (896UL << 20)
497 # define CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX MAXMEM
500 static int __init reserve_crashkernel_low(void)
503 unsigned long long base, low_base = 0, low_size = 0;
504 unsigned long total_low_mem;
507 total_low_mem = memblock_mem_size(1UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT));
509 /* crashkernel=Y,low */
510 ret = parse_crashkernel_low(boot_command_line, total_low_mem, &low_size, &base);
513 * two parts from lib/swiotlb.c:
514 * -swiotlb size: user-specified with swiotlb= or default.
516 * -swiotlb overflow buffer: now hardcoded to 32k. We round it
517 * to 8M for other buffers that may need to stay low too. Also
518 * make sure we allocate enough extra low memory so that we
519 * don't run out of DMA buffers for 32-bit devices.
521 low_size = max(swiotlb_size_or_default() + (8UL << 20), 256UL << 20);
523 /* passed with crashkernel=0,low ? */
528 low_base = memblock_find_in_range(low_size, 1ULL << 32, low_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
530 pr_err("Cannot reserve %ldMB crashkernel low memory, please try smaller size.\n",
531 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20));
535 ret = memblock_reserve(low_base, low_size);
537 pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel low memblock.\n", __func__);
541 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of low memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System low RAM: %ldMB)\n",
542 (unsigned long)(low_size >> 20),
543 (unsigned long)(low_base >> 20),
544 (unsigned long)(total_low_mem >> 20));
546 crashk_low_res.start = low_base;
547 crashk_low_res.end = low_base + low_size - 1;
548 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_low_res);
553 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
555 unsigned long long crash_size, crash_base, total_mem;
559 total_mem = memblock_phys_mem_size();
562 ret = parse_crashkernel(boot_command_line, total_mem, &crash_size, &crash_base);
563 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0) {
564 /* crashkernel=X,high */
565 ret = parse_crashkernel_high(boot_command_line, total_mem,
566 &crash_size, &crash_base);
567 if (ret != 0 || crash_size <= 0)
572 /* 0 means: find the address automatically */
573 if (crash_base <= 0) {
575 * kexec want bzImage is below CRASH_KERNEL_ADDR_MAX
577 crash_base = memblock_find_in_range(CRASH_ALIGN,
578 high ? CRASH_ADDR_HIGH_MAX
579 : CRASH_ADDR_LOW_MAX,
580 crash_size, CRASH_ALIGN);
582 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - No suitable area found.\n");
587 unsigned long long start;
589 start = memblock_find_in_range(crash_base,
590 crash_base + crash_size,
591 crash_size, 1 << 20);
592 if (start != crash_base) {
593 pr_info("crashkernel reservation failed - memory is in use.\n");
597 ret = memblock_reserve(crash_base, crash_size);
599 pr_err("%s: Error reserving crashkernel memblock.\n", __func__);
603 if (crash_base >= (1ULL << 32) && reserve_crashkernel_low()) {
604 memblock_free(crash_base, crash_size);
608 pr_info("Reserving %ldMB of memory at %ldMB for crashkernel (System RAM: %ldMB)\n",
609 (unsigned long)(crash_size >> 20),
610 (unsigned long)(crash_base >> 20),
611 (unsigned long)(total_mem >> 20));
613 crashk_res.start = crash_base;
614 crashk_res.end = crash_base + crash_size - 1;
615 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &crashk_res);
618 static void __init reserve_crashkernel(void)
623 static struct resource standard_io_resources[] = {
624 { .name = "dma1", .start = 0x00, .end = 0x1f,
625 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
626 { .name = "pic1", .start = 0x20, .end = 0x21,
627 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
628 { .name = "timer0", .start = 0x40, .end = 0x43,
629 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
630 { .name = "timer1", .start = 0x50, .end = 0x53,
631 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
632 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x60, .end = 0x60,
633 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
634 { .name = "keyboard", .start = 0x64, .end = 0x64,
635 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
636 { .name = "dma page reg", .start = 0x80, .end = 0x8f,
637 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
638 { .name = "pic2", .start = 0xa0, .end = 0xa1,
639 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
640 { .name = "dma2", .start = 0xc0, .end = 0xdf,
641 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO },
642 { .name = "fpu", .start = 0xf0, .end = 0xff,
643 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_IO }
646 void __init reserve_standard_io_resources(void)
650 /* request I/O space for devices used on all i[345]86 PCs */
651 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(standard_io_resources); i++)
652 request_resource(&ioport_resource, &standard_io_resources[i]);
656 static __init void reserve_ibft_region(void)
658 unsigned long addr, size = 0;
660 addr = find_ibft_region(&size);
663 memblock_reserve(addr, size);
666 static bool __init snb_gfx_workaround_needed(void)
671 static const __initconst u16 snb_ids[] = {
681 /* Assume no if something weird is going on with PCI */
682 if (!early_pci_allowed())
685 vendor = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_VENDOR_ID);
686 if (vendor != 0x8086)
689 devid = read_pci_config_16(0, 2, 0, PCI_DEVICE_ID);
690 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(snb_ids); i++)
691 if (devid == snb_ids[i])
699 * Sandy Bridge graphics has trouble with certain ranges, exclude
700 * them from allocation.
702 static void __init trim_snb_memory(void)
704 static const __initconst unsigned long bad_pages[] = {
713 if (!snb_gfx_workaround_needed())
716 printk(KERN_DEBUG "reserving inaccessible SNB gfx pages\n");
719 * Reserve all memory below the 1 MB mark that has not
720 * already been reserved.
722 memblock_reserve(0, 1<<20);
724 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(bad_pages); i++) {
725 if (memblock_reserve(bad_pages[i], PAGE_SIZE))
726 printk(KERN_WARNING "failed to reserve 0x%08lx\n",
732 * Here we put platform-specific memory range workarounds, i.e.
733 * memory known to be corrupt or otherwise in need to be reserved on
734 * specific platforms.
736 * If this gets used more widely it could use a real dispatch mechanism.
738 static void __init trim_platform_memory_ranges(void)
743 static void __init trim_bios_range(void)
746 * A special case is the first 4Kb of memory;
747 * This is a BIOS owned area, not kernel ram, but generally
748 * not listed as such in the E820 table.
750 * This typically reserves additional memory (64KiB by default)
751 * since some BIOSes are known to corrupt low memory. See the
752 * Kconfig help text for X86_RESERVE_LOW.
754 e820_update_range(0, PAGE_SIZE, E820_RAM, E820_RESERVED);
757 * special case: Some BIOSen report the PC BIOS
758 * area (640->1Mb) as ram even though it is not.
761 e820_remove_range(BIOS_BEGIN, BIOS_END - BIOS_BEGIN, E820_RAM, 1);
763 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
766 /* called before trim_bios_range() to spare extra sanitize */
767 static void __init e820_add_kernel_range(void)
769 u64 start = __pa_symbol(_text);
770 u64 size = __pa_symbol(_end) - start;
773 * Complain if .text .data and .bss are not marked as E820_RAM and
774 * attempt to fix it by adding the range. We may have a confused BIOS,
775 * or the user may have used memmap=exactmap or memmap=xxM$yyM to
776 * exclude kernel range. If we really are running on top non-RAM,
777 * we will crash later anyways.
779 if (e820_all_mapped(start, start + size, E820_RAM))
782 pr_warn(".text .data .bss are not marked as E820_RAM!\n");
783 e820_remove_range(start, size, E820_RAM, 0);
784 e820_add_region(start, size, E820_RAM);
787 static unsigned reserve_low = CONFIG_X86_RESERVE_LOW << 10;
789 static int __init parse_reservelow(char *p)
791 unsigned long long size;
796 size = memparse(p, &p);
809 early_param("reservelow", parse_reservelow);
811 static void __init trim_low_memory_range(void)
813 memblock_reserve(0, ALIGN(reserve_low, PAGE_SIZE));
817 * Dump out kernel offset information on panic.
820 dump_kernel_offset(struct notifier_block *self, unsigned long v, void *p)
822 if (kaslr_enabled()) {
823 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: 0x%lx from 0x%lx (relocation range: 0x%lx-0x%lx)\n",
829 pr_emerg("Kernel Offset: disabled\n");
836 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
837 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
838 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
839 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
840 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
843 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
845 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
848 void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p)
850 memblock_reserve(__pa_symbol(_text),
851 (unsigned long)__bss_stop - (unsigned long)_text);
853 early_reserve_initrd();
856 * At this point everything still needed from the boot loader
857 * or BIOS or kernel text should be early reserved or marked not
858 * RAM in e820. All other memory is free game.
862 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data, &new_cpu_data, sizeof(new_cpu_data));
865 * copy kernel address range established so far and switch
866 * to the proper swapper page table
868 clone_pgd_range(swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
869 initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
872 load_cr3(swapper_pg_dir);
874 * Note: Quark X1000 CPUs advertise PGE incorrectly and require
875 * a cr3 based tlb flush, so the following __flush_tlb_all()
876 * will not flush anything because the cpu quirk which clears
877 * X86_FEATURE_PGE has not been invoked yet. Though due to the
878 * load_cr3() above the TLB has been flushed already. The
879 * quirk is invoked before subsequent calls to __flush_tlb_all()
880 * so proper operation is guaranteed.
884 printk(KERN_INFO "Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
888 * If we have OLPC OFW, we might end up relocating the fixmap due to
889 * reserve_top(), so do this before touching the ioremap area.
895 early_ioremap_init();
897 setup_olpc_ofw_pgd();
899 ROOT_DEV = old_decode_dev(boot_params.hdr.root_dev);
900 screen_info = boot_params.screen_info;
901 edid_info = boot_params.edid_info;
903 apm_info.bios = boot_params.apm_bios_info;
904 ist_info = boot_params.ist_info;
906 saved_video_mode = boot_params.hdr.vid_mode;
907 bootloader_type = boot_params.hdr.type_of_loader;
908 if ((bootloader_type >> 4) == 0xe) {
909 bootloader_type &= 0xf;
910 bootloader_type |= (boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_type+0x10) << 4;
912 bootloader_version = bootloader_type & 0xf;
913 bootloader_version |= boot_params.hdr.ext_loader_ver << 4;
915 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
916 rd_image_start = boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK;
917 rd_prompt = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG) != 0);
918 rd_doload = ((boot_params.hdr.ram_size & RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG) != 0);
921 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
922 EFI32_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
923 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
924 } else if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params.efi_info.efi_loader_signature,
925 EFI64_LOADER_SIGNATURE, 4)) {
926 set_bit(EFI_BOOT, &efi.flags);
927 set_bit(EFI_64BIT, &efi.flags);
930 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
931 efi_memblock_x86_reserve_range();
934 x86_init.oem.arch_setup();
936 iomem_resource.end = (1ULL << boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits) - 1;
942 if (!boot_params.hdr.root_flags)
943 root_mountflags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
944 init_mm.start_code = (unsigned long) _text;
945 init_mm.end_code = (unsigned long) _etext;
946 init_mm.end_data = (unsigned long) _edata;
947 init_mm.brk = _brk_end;
949 mpx_mm_init(&init_mm);
951 code_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_text);
952 code_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_etext)-1;
953 data_resource.start = __pa_symbol(_etext);
954 data_resource.end = __pa_symbol(_edata)-1;
955 bss_resource.start = __pa_symbol(__bss_start);
956 bss_resource.end = __pa_symbol(__bss_stop)-1;
958 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
959 #ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_OVERRIDE
960 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
962 if (builtin_cmdline[0]) {
963 /* append boot loader cmdline to builtin */
964 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, " ", COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
965 strlcat(builtin_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
966 strlcpy(boot_command_line, builtin_cmdline, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
971 strlcpy(command_line, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
972 *cmdline_p = command_line;
975 * x86_configure_nx() is called before parse_early_param() to detect
976 * whether hardware doesn't support NX (so that the early EHCI debug
977 * console setup can safely call set_fixmap()). It may then be called
978 * again from within noexec_setup() during parsing early parameters
979 * to honor the respective command line option.
987 /* after early param, so could get panic from serial */
988 memblock_x86_reserve_range_setup_data();
990 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
991 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
994 setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_APIC);
998 if (pci_early_dump_regs)
999 early_dump_pci_devices();
1002 /* update the e820_saved too */
1003 e820_reserve_setup_data();
1004 finish_e820_parsing();
1006 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1011 dmi_set_dump_stack_arch_desc();
1014 * VMware detection requires dmi to be available, so this
1015 * needs to be done after dmi_scan_machine, for the BP.
1017 init_hypervisor_platform();
1019 x86_init.resources.probe_roms();
1021 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
1022 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &code_resource);
1023 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &data_resource);
1024 insert_resource(&iomem_resource, &bss_resource);
1026 e820_add_kernel_range();
1028 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1029 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
1030 e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL, 0x40000ULL, E820_RAM,
1032 sanitize_e820_map(e820.map, ARRAY_SIZE(e820.map), &e820.nr_map);
1033 printk(KERN_INFO "fixed physical RAM map:\n");
1034 e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
1037 early_gart_iommu_check();
1041 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
1042 * we are rounding upwards:
1044 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1046 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
1048 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn))
1049 max_pfn = e820_end_of_ram_pfn();
1051 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1052 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
1053 find_low_pfn_range();
1057 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
1058 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
1059 if (max_pfn > (1UL<<(32 - PAGE_SHIFT)))
1060 max_low_pfn = e820_end_of_low_ram_pfn();
1062 max_low_pfn = max_pfn;
1064 high_memory = (void *)__va(max_pfn * PAGE_SIZE - 1) + 1;
1068 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
1072 reserve_ibft_region();
1074 early_alloc_pgt_buf();
1077 * Need to conclude brk, before memblock_x86_fill()
1078 * it could use memblock_find_in_range, could overlap with
1085 memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS);
1086 memblock_x86_fill();
1088 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT)) {
1094 * The EFI specification says that boot service code won't be called
1095 * after ExitBootServices(). This is, in fact, a lie.
1097 if (efi_enabled(EFI_MEMMAP))
1098 efi_reserve_boot_services();
1100 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
1101 early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
1103 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CHECK_BIOS_CORRUPTION
1104 setup_bios_corruption_check();
1107 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1108 printk(KERN_DEBUG "initial memory mapped: [mem 0x00000000-%#010lx]\n",
1109 (max_pfn_mapped<<PAGE_SHIFT) - 1);
1112 reserve_real_mode();
1114 trim_platform_memory_ranges();
1115 trim_low_memory_range();
1119 early_trap_pf_init();
1123 memblock_set_current_limit(get_max_mapped());
1126 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
1129 #ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
1130 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early)
1131 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
1133 /* Allocate bigger log buffer */
1138 #if defined(CONFIG_ACPI) && defined(CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD)
1139 acpi_initrd_override((void *)initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start);
1147 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
1149 acpi_boot_table_init();
1151 early_acpi_boot_init();
1154 dma_contiguous_reserve(max_pfn_mapped << PAGE_SHIFT);
1157 * Reserve memory for crash kernel after SRAT is parsed so that it
1158 * won't consume hotpluggable memory.
1160 reserve_crashkernel();
1162 memblock_find_dma_reserve();
1164 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GUEST
1168 x86_init.paging.pagetable_init();
1172 if (boot_cpu_data.cpuid_level >= 0) {
1173 /* A CPU has %cr4 if and only if it has CPUID */
1174 mmu_cr4_features = __read_cr4();
1175 if (trampoline_cr4_features)
1176 *trampoline_cr4_features = mmu_cr4_features;
1179 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1180 /* sync back kernel address range */
1181 clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1182 swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1186 * sync back low identity map too. It is used for example
1187 * in the 32-bit EFI stub.
1189 clone_pgd_range(initial_page_table,
1190 swapper_pg_dir + KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY,
1191 min(KERNEL_PGD_PTRS, KERNEL_PGD_BOUNDARY));
1198 generic_apic_probe();
1203 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
1210 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
1212 if (smp_found_config)
1215 prefill_possible_map();
1219 init_apic_mappings();
1220 io_apic_init_mappings();
1224 e820_reserve_resources();
1225 e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn);
1227 x86_init.resources.reserve_resources();
1232 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
1233 if (!efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT) || (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY))
1234 conswitchp = &vga_con;
1235 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
1236 conswitchp = &dummy_con;
1239 x86_init.oem.banner();
1241 x86_init.timers.wallclock_init();
1245 arch_init_ideal_nops();
1247 register_refined_jiffies(CLOCK_TICK_RATE);
1250 if (efi_enabled(EFI_BOOT))
1251 efi_apply_memmap_quirks();
1255 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
1257 static struct resource video_ram_resource = {
1258 .name = "Video RAM area",
1261 .flags = IORESOURCE_BUSY | IORESOURCE_MEM
1264 void __init i386_reserve_resources(void)
1266 request_resource(&iomem_resource, &video_ram_resource);
1267 reserve_standard_io_resources();
1270 #endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
1272 static struct notifier_block kernel_offset_notifier = {
1273 .notifier_call = dump_kernel_offset
1276 static int __init register_kernel_offset_dumper(void)
1278 atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list,
1279 &kernel_offset_notifier);
1282 __initcall(register_kernel_offset_dumper);