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5 <title>Debugging JITed Code With GDB</title>
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10 <div class="doc_title">Debugging JITed Code With GDB</div>
12 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
13 <li><a href="#quickstart">Quickstart</a></li>
14 <li><a href="#example">Example with clang and lli</a></li>
16 <div class="doc_author">Written by Reid Kleckner</div>
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19 <div class="doc_section"><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></div>
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21 <div class="doc_text">
23 <p>Without special runtime support, debugging dynamically generated code with
24 GDB (as well as most debuggers) can be quite painful. Debuggers generally read
25 debug information from the object file of the code, but for JITed code, there is
26 no such file to look for.
29 <p>Depending on the architecture, this can impact the debugging experience in
30 different ways. For example, on most 32-bit x86 architectures, you can simply
31 compile with -fno-omit-framepointer for GCC and -fdisable-fp-elim for LLVM.
32 When GDB creates a backtrace, it can properly unwind the stack, but the stack
33 frames owned by JITed code have ??'s instead of the appropriate symbol name.
34 However, on Linux x86_64 in particular, GDB relies on the DWARF CFA debug
35 information to unwind the stack, so even if you compile your program to leave
36 the frame pointer untouched, GDB will usually be unable to unwind the stack past
37 any JITed code stack frames.
40 <p>In order to communicate the necessary debug info to GDB, an interface for
41 registering JITed code with debuggers has been designed and implemented for
42 GDB and LLVM. At a high level, whenever LLVM generates new machine code, it
43 also generates an object file in memory containing the debug information. LLVM
44 then adds the object file to the global list of object files and calls a special
45 function (__jit_debug_register_code) marked noinline that GDB knows about. When
46 GDB attaches to a process, it puts a breakpoint in this function and loads all
47 of the object files in the global list. When LLVM calls the registration
48 function, GDB catches the breakpoint signal, loads the new object file from
49 LLVM's memory, and resumes the execution. In this way, GDB can get the
50 necessary debug information.
53 <p>At the time of this writing, LLVM only supports architectures that use ELF
54 object files and it only generates symbols and DWARF CFA information. However,
55 it would be easy to add more information to the object file, so we don't need to
56 coordinate with GDB to get better debug information.
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61 <div class="doc_section"><a name="quickstart">Quickstart</a></div>
62 <!--=========================================================================-->
63 <div class="doc_text">
65 <p>In order to debug code JITed by LLVM, you need to install a recent version
66 of GDB. The interface was added on 2009-08-19, so you need a snapshot of GDB
67 more recent than that. Either download a snapshot of GDB or checkout CVS as
68 instructed <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/current/">here</a>. Here
69 are the commands for doing a checkout and building the code:
72 <pre class="doc_code">
73 $ cvs -z 3 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src co gdb
74 $ mv src gdb # You probably don't want this checkout called "src".
76 $ ./configure --prefix="$GDB_INSTALL"
81 <p>You can then use -jit-emit-debug in the LLVM command line arguments to enable
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87 <div class="doc_section"><a name="example">Example with clang and lli</a></div>
88 <!--=========================================================================-->
89 <div class="doc_text">
91 <p>For example, consider debugging running lli on the following C code in
95 <pre class="doc_code">
96 #include <stdio.h>
99 printf("%d\n", *(int*)NULL); // Crash here
110 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
115 <p>Here are the commands to run that application under GDB and print the stack
119 <pre class="doc_code">
120 # Compile foo.c to bitcode. You can use either clang or llvm-gcc with this
121 # command line. Both require -fexceptions, or the calls are all marked
122 # 'nounwind' which disables DWARF CFA info.
123 $ clang foo.c -fexceptions -emit-llvm -c -o foo.bc
125 # Run foo.bc under lli with -jit-emit-debug. If you built lli in debug mode,
126 # -jit-emit-debug defaults to true.
127 $ $GDB_INSTALL/gdb --args lli -jit-emit-debug foo.bc
132 Starting program: /tmp/gdb/lli -jit-emit-debug foo.bc
133 [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
135 Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
136 0x00007ffff7f55164 in foo ()
138 # Print the backtrace, this time with symbols instead of ??.
140 #0 0x00007ffff7f55164 in foo ()
141 #1 0x00007ffff7f550f9 in bar ()
142 #2 0x00007ffff7f55099 in baz ()
143 #3 0x00007ffff7f5502a in main ()
144 #4 0x00000000007c0225 in llvm::JIT::runFunction(llvm::Function*,
145 std::vector<llvm::GenericValue,
146 std::allocator<llvm::GenericValue> > const&) ()
147 #5 0x00000000007d6d98 in
148 llvm::ExecutionEngine::runFunctionAsMain(llvm::Function*,
149 std::vector<std::string,
150 std::allocator<std::string> > const&, char const* const*) ()
151 #6 0x00000000004dab76 in main ()
155 <p>As you can see, GDB can correctly unwind the stack and has the appropriate
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166 <a href="mailto:reid.kleckner@gmail.com">Reid Kleckner</a><br>
167 <a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
168 Last modified: $Date: 2009-01-01 23:10:51 -0800 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) $