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11 <div class="doc_title">
12 Getting Started with the LLVM System using Microsoft Visual Studio
16 <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
17 <li><a href="#quickstart">Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</a>
18 <li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a>
20 <li><a href="#hardware">Hardware</a>
21 <li><a href="#software">Software</a>
24 <li><a href="#starting">Getting Started with LLVM</a>
26 <li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Notation</a>
27 <li><a href="#objfiles">The Location of LLVM Object Files</a>
30 <li><a href="#tutorial">An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain</a>
31 <li><a href="#problems">Common Problems</a>
32 <li><a href="#links">Links</a>
35 <div class="doc_author">
37 <a href="mailto:jeffc@jolt-lang.org">Jeff Cohen</a>
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43 <div class="doc_section">
44 <a name="overview"><b>Overview</b></a>
46 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
48 <div class="doc_text">
50 <p>The Visual Studio port at this time is experimental. It is suitable for
51 use only if you are writing your own compiler front end or otherwise have a
52 need to dynamically generate machine code. The JIT and interpreter are
53 functional, but it is currently not possible to generate assembly code which
54 is then assembled into an executable. You can indirectly create executables
55 by using the C back end.</p>
57 <p>To emphasize, there is no C/C++ front end currently available.
58 <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> is based on GCC, which cannot be bootstrapped using VC++.
59 Eventually there should be a <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> based on Cygwin or MinGW that
60 is usable. There is also the option of generating bitcode files on Unix and
61 copying them over to Windows. But be aware the odds of linking C++ code
62 compiled with <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> with code compiled with VC++ is essentially
65 <p>The LLVM test suite cannot be run on the Visual Studio port at this
68 <p>Most of the tools build and work. <tt>bugpoint</tt> does build, but does
69 not work. The other tools 'should' work, but have not been fully tested.</p>
71 <p>Additional information about the LLVM directory structure and tool chain
72 can be found on the main <a href="GettingStarted.html">Getting Started</a>
77 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
78 <div class="doc_section">
79 <a name="quickstart"><b>Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</b></a>
81 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
83 <div class="doc_text">
85 <p>Here's the short story for getting up and running quickly with LLVM:</p>
88 <li>Read the documentation.</li>
89 <li>Seriously, read the documentation.</li>
90 <li>Remember that you were warned twice about reading the documentation.</li>
92 <li>Get the Source Code
94 <li>With the distributed files:
96 <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
97 <li><tt>gunzip --stdout llvm-<i>version</i>.tar.gz | tar -xvf -</tt>
98 <i> or use WinZip</i>
99 <li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
102 <li>With anonymous Subversion access:
104 <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt></li>
105 <li><tt>svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm-top/trunk llvm-top
107 <li><tt>make checkout MODULE=llvm</tt>
108 <li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
112 <li> Use <a href="http://www.cmake.org/">CMake</a> to generate up-to-date
114 <ul><li>This step is currently optional as LLVM does still come with a
115 normal Visual Studio solution file, but it is not always kept up-to-date
116 and will soon be deprecated in favor of the multi-platform generator
118 <li>If CMake is installed then the most simple way is to just start the
119 CMake GUI, select the directory where you have LLVM extracted to, and
120 the default options should all be fine. The one option you may really
121 want to change, regardless of anything else, might be the
122 CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX setting to select a directory to INSTALL to once
123 compiling is complete.</li>
124 <li>If you use CMake to generate the Visual Studio solution and project
125 files, then the Solution will have a few extra options compared to the
126 current included one. The projects may still be built individually, but
127 to build them all do not just select all of them in batch build (as some
128 are meant as configuration projects), but rather select and build just
129 the ALL_BUILD project to build everything, or the INSTALL project, which
130 first builds the ALL_BUILD project, then installs the LLVM headers, libs,
131 and other useful things to the directory set by the CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
132 setting when you first configured CMake.</li>
136 <li>Start Visual Studio
138 <li>If you did not use CMake, then simply double click on the solution
139 file <tt>llvm/win32/llvm.sln</tt>.</li>
140 <li>If you used CMake, then the directory you created the project files,
141 the root directory will have an <tt>llvm.sln</tt> file, just
142 double-click on that to open Visual Studio.</li>
145 <li>Build the LLVM Suite:
147 <li>Simply build the solution.</li>
148 <li>The Fibonacci project is a sample program that uses the JIT. Modify
149 the project's debugging properties to provide a numeric command line
150 argument. The program will print the corresponding fibonacci value.</li>
155 <p>It is strongly encouraged that you get the latest version from Subversion as
156 changes are continually making the VS support better.</p>
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161 <div class="doc_section">
162 <a name="requirements"><b>Requirements</b></a>
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166 <div class="doc_text">
168 <p>Before you begin to use the LLVM system, review the requirements given
169 below. This may save you some trouble by knowing ahead of time what hardware
170 and software you will need.</p>
174 <!-- ======================================================================= -->
175 <div class="doc_subsection">
176 <a name="hardware"><b>Hardware</b></a>
179 <div class="doc_text">
181 <p>Any system that can adequately run Visual Studio .NET 2005 SP1 is fine.
182 The LLVM source tree and object files, libraries and executables will consume
183 approximately 3GB.</p>
187 <!-- ======================================================================= -->
188 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="software"><b>Software</b></a></div>
189 <div class="doc_text">
191 <p>You will need Visual Studio .NET 2005 SP1 or higher. The VS2005 SP1
192 beta and the normal VS2005 still have bugs that are not completely
193 compatible. VS2003 would work except (at last check) it has a bug with
194 friend classes that you can work-around with some minor code rewriting
195 (and please submit a patch if you do). Earlier versions of Visual Studio
196 do not support the C++ standard well enough and will not work.</p>
198 <p>You will also need the <a href="http://www.cmake.org/">CMake</a> build
199 system since it generates the project files you will use to build with.</p>
202 Do not install the LLVM directory tree into a path containing spaces (e.g.
203 C:\Documents and Settings\...) as the configure step will fail.</p>
207 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
208 <div class="doc_section">
209 <a name="starting"><b>Getting Started with LLVM</b></a>
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213 <div class="doc_text">
215 <p>The remainder of this guide is meant to get you up and running with
216 LLVM using Visual Studio and to give you some basic information about the LLVM
221 <!-- ======================================================================= -->
222 <div class="doc_subsection">
223 <a name="terminology">Terminology and Notation</a>
226 <div class="doc_text">
228 <p>Throughout this manual, the following names are used to denote paths
229 specific to the local system and working environment. <i>These are not
230 environment variables you need to set but just strings used in the rest
231 of this document below</i>. In any of the examples below, simply replace
232 each of these names with the appropriate pathname on your local system.
233 All these paths are absolute:</p>
237 <dd><p>This is the top level directory of the LLVM source tree.</p></dd>
240 <dd><p>This is the top level directory of the LLVM object tree (i.e. the
241 tree where object files and compiled programs will be placed. It is
242 fixed at SRC_ROOT/win32).</p></dd>
247 <!-- ======================================================================= -->
248 <div class="doc_subsection">
249 <a name="objfiles">The Location of LLVM Object Files</a>
252 <div class="doc_text">
254 <p>The object files are placed under <tt>OBJ_ROOT/Debug</tt> for debug builds
255 and <tt>OBJ_ROOT/Release</tt> for release (optimized) builds. These include
256 both executables and libararies that your application can link against.</p>
258 <p>The files that <tt>configure</tt> would create when building on Unix are
259 created by the <tt>Configure</tt> project and placed in
260 <tt>OBJ_ROOT/llvm</tt>. You application must have OBJ_ROOT in its include
261 search path just before <tt>SRC_ROOT/include</tt>.</p>
265 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
266 <div class="doc_section">
267 <a name="tutorial">An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain</a>
269 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
271 <div class="doc_text">
274 <li><p>First, create a simple C file, name it 'hello.c':</p>
276 <div class="doc_code">
278 #include <stdio.h>
280 printf("hello world\n");
285 <li><p>Next, compile the C file into a LLVM bitcode file:</p>
287 <div class="doc_code">
289 % llvm-gcc -c hello.c -emit-llvm -o hello.bc
293 <p>This will create the result file <tt>hello.bc</tt> which is the LLVM
294 bitcode that corresponds the the compiled program and the library
295 facilities that it required. You can execute this file directly using
296 <tt>lli</tt> tool, compile it to native assembly with the <tt>llc</tt>,
297 optimize or analyze it further with the <tt>opt</tt> tool, etc.</p>
299 <p><b>Note: while you cannot do this step on Windows, you can do it on a
300 Unix system and transfer <tt>hello.bc</tt> to Windows. Important:
301 transfer as a binary file!</b></p></li>
303 <li><p>Run the program using the just-in-time compiler:</p>
305 <div class="doc_code">
311 <p>Note: this will only work for trivial C programs. Non-trivial programs
312 (and any C++ program) will have dependencies on the GCC runtime that
313 won't be satisfied by the Microsoft runtime libraries.</p></li>
315 <li><p>Use the <tt>llvm-dis</tt> utility to take a look at the LLVM assembly
318 <div class="doc_code">
320 % llvm-dis < hello.bc | more
324 <li><p>Compile the program to C using the LLC code generator:</p>
326 <div class="doc_code">
328 % llc -march=c hello.bc
332 <li><p>Compile to binary using Microsoft C:</p>
334 <div class="doc_code">
340 <p>Note: this will only work for trivial C programs. Non-trivial programs
341 (and any C++ program) will have dependencies on the GCC runtime that won't
342 be satisfied by the Microsoft runtime libraries.</p></li>
344 <li><p>Execute the native code program:</p>
346 <div class="doc_code">
355 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
356 <div class="doc_section">
357 <a name="problems">Common Problems</a>
359 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
361 <div class="doc_text">
364 <li>In Visual C++, if you are linking with the x86 target statically, the
365 linker will remove the x86 target library from your generated executable or
366 shared library because there are no references to it. You can force the
367 linker to include these references by using
368 <tt>"/INCLUDE:_X86TargetMachineModule"</tt> when linking. In the Visual
369 Studio IDE, this can be added in
370 <tt>Project Properties->Linker->Input->Force Symbol References</tt>.
374 <p>If you are having problems building or using LLVM, or if you have any other
375 general questions about LLVM, please consult the <a href="FAQ.html">Frequently
376 Asked Questions</a> page.</p>
380 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
381 <div class="doc_section">
382 <a name="links">Links</a>
384 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
386 <div class="doc_text">
388 <p>This document is just an <b>introduction</b> to how to use LLVM to do
389 some simple things... there are many more interesting and complicated things
390 that you can do that aren't documented here (but we'll gladly accept a patch
391 if you want to write something up!). For more information about LLVM, check
395 <li><a href="http://llvm.org/">LLVM homepage</a></li>
396 <li><a href="http://llvm.org/doxygen/">LLVM doxygen tree</a></li>
397 <li><a href="http://llvm.org/docs/Projects.html">Starting a Project
398 that Uses LLVM</a></li>
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412 <a href="mailto:jeffc@jolt-lang.org">Jeff Cohen</a><br>
413 <a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
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