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5 <title>LLVM gold plugin</title>
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10 <div class="doc_title">LLVM gold plugin</div>
12 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
13 <li><a href="#build">How to build it</a></li>
14 <li><a href="#usage">Usage</a>
16 <li><a href="#example1">Example of link time optimization</a></li>
17 <li><a href="#lto_autotools">Quickstart for using LTO with autotooled projects</a></li>
19 <li><a href="#licensing">Licensing</a></li>
21 <div class="doc_author">Written by Nick Lewycky</div>
23 <!--=========================================================================-->
24 <div class="doc_section"><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></div>
25 <!--=========================================================================-->
26 <div class="doc_text">
27 <p>Building with link time optimization requires cooperation from the
28 system linker. LTO support on Linux systems requires that you use
29 the <a href="http://sourceware.org/binutils">gold linker</a> which supports
30 LTO via plugins. This is the same system used by the upcoming
31 <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/LinkTimeOptimization">GCC LTO</a>
33 <p>The LLVM gold plugin implements the
34 <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/whopr/driver">gold plugin interface</a>
36 <a href="http://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html#lto">libLTO</a>.
37 The same plugin can also be used by other tools such as <tt>ar</tt> and
40 <!--=========================================================================-->
41 <div class="doc_section"><a name="build">How to build it</a></div>
42 <!--=========================================================================-->
43 <div class="doc_text">
44 <p>You need to build gold with plugin support and build the LLVMgold
47 <li>Build gold with plugin support:
48 <pre class="doc_code">
51 cvs -z 9 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src login
52 <em>{enter "anoncvs" as the password}</em>
53 cvs -z 9 -d :pserver:anoncvs@sourceware.org:/cvs/src co src
56 ../src/configure --enable-gold --enable-plugins
59 That should leave you with binutils/build/gold/ld-new which supports the
60 <tt>-plugin</tt> option.
62 <li>Build the LLVMgold plugin: Configure LLVM with
63 <tt>--with-binutils-include=/path/to/binutils/src/include</tt> and run
67 <!--=========================================================================-->
68 <div class="doc_section"><a name="usage">Usage</a></div>
69 <!--=========================================================================-->
70 <div class="doc_text">
71 <p>The linker takes a <tt>-plugin</tt> option that points to the path of
72 the plugin <tt>.so</tt> file. To find out what link command <tt>gcc</tt>
73 would run in a given situation, run <tt>gcc -v <em>[...]</em></tt> and look
74 for the line where it runs <tt>collect2</tt>. Replace that with
75 <tt>ld-new -plugin /path/to/LLVMgold.so</tt> to test it out. Once you're
76 ready to switch to using gold, backup your existing <tt>/usr/bin/ld</tt>
77 then replace it with <tt>ld-new</tt>.</p>
78 <p>You can produce bitcode files from <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> using
79 <tt>-emit-llvm</tt> or <tt>-flto</tt>, or the <tt>-O4</tt> flag which is
80 synonymous with <tt>-O3 -flto</tt>.</p>
81 <p><tt>llvm-gcc</tt> has a <tt>-use-gold-plugin</tt> option which looks
82 for the gold plugin in the same directories as it looks for <tt>cc1</tt> and
83 passes the <tt>-plugin</tt> option to ld. It will not look for an alternate
84 linker, which is why you need gold to be the installed system linker in your
88 <!-- ======================================================================= -->
89 <div class="doc_subsection">
90 <a name="example1">Example of link time optimization</a>
93 <div class="doc_text">
94 <p>The following example shows a worked example of the gold plugin mixing
95 LLVM bitcode and native code.
96 <pre class="doc_code">
98 #include <stdio.h>
100 extern void foo1(void);
101 extern void foo4(void);
116 #include <stdio.h>
118 extern void foo2(void);
128 --- command lines ---
129 $ llvm-gcc -flto a.c -c -o a.o # <-- a.o is LLVM bitcode file
130 $ llvm-gcc b.c -c -o b.o # <-- b.o is native object file
131 $ llvm-gcc -use-gold-plugin a.o b.o -o main # <-- link with LLVMgold plugin
133 <p>Gold informs the plugin that foo3 is never referenced outside the IR,
134 leading LLVM to delete that function. However, unlike in the
135 <a href="http://llvm.org/docs/LinkTimeOptimization.html#example1">libLTO
136 example</a> gold does not currently eliminate foo4.</p>
139 <!--=========================================================================-->
140 <div class="doc_section"><a name="lto_autotools">Quickstart for using LTO with autotooled projects</a></div>
141 <!--=========================================================================-->
142 <div class="doc_text">
143 <p><tt>gold</tt>, <tt>ar</tt> and <tt>nm</tt> all support plugins now, so everything should be
144 in place for an easy to use LTO build of autotooled projects:</p>
146 <li>Follow the instructions <a href="#build">on how to build libLLVMgold.so</a>.</li>
147 <li>Install the newly built binutils to <tt>$PREFIX</tt></li>
148 <li>Copy <tt>Release/lib/libLLVMgold.so</tt> to
149 <tt>$PREFIX/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.2.1/</tt> and
150 <tt>$PREFIX/lib/bfd-plugins/</tt></li>
151 <li>Set environment variables (<tt>$PREFIX</tt> is where you installed llvm-gcc and
153 <pre class="doc_code">
154 export CC="$PREFIX/bin/llvm-gcc -use-gold-plugin"
155 export CXX="$PREFIX/bin/llvm-g++ -use-gold-plugin"
156 export AR="$PREFIX/bin/ar"
157 export NM="$PREFIX/bin/nm"
158 export RANLIB=/bin/true #ranlib is not needed, and doesn't support .bc files in .a
162 <li>Or you can just set your path:
163 <pre class="doc_code">
164 export PATH="$PREFIX/bin:$PATH"
165 export CC="llvm-gcc -use-gold-plugin"
166 export CXX="llvm-g++ -use-gold-plugin"
167 export RANLIB=/bin/true
171 <li>Configure & build the project as usual: <tt>./configure && make && make check</tt> </li>
173 <p> The environment variable settings may work for non-autotooled projects
174 too, but you may need to set the <tt>LD</tt> environment variable as well.</p>
177 <!--=========================================================================-->
178 <div class="doc_section"><a name="licensing">Licensing</a></div>
179 <!--=========================================================================-->
180 <div class="doc_text">
181 <p>Gold is licensed under the GPLv3. LLVMgold uses the interface file
182 <tt>plugin-api.h</tt> from gold which means that the resulting LLVMgold.so
183 binary is also GPLv3. This can still be used to link non-GPLv3 programs just
184 as much as gold could without the plugin.</p>
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194 <a href="mailto:nicholas@metrix.on.ca">Nick Lewycky</a><br>
195 <a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
196 Last modified: $Date: 2009-01-01 23:10:51 -0800 (Thu, 01 Jan 2009) $