2 * Copyright (C) 2001-2002 Sistina Software (UK) Limited.
3 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Red Hat GmbH
5 * This file is released under the GPL.
8 #include "dm-exception-store.h"
10 #include <linux/ctype.h>
12 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
13 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
14 #include <linux/export.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/dm-io.h>
19 #define DM_MSG_PREFIX "persistent snapshot"
20 #define DM_CHUNK_SIZE_DEFAULT_SECTORS 32 /* 16KB */
22 #define DM_PREFETCH_CHUNKS 12
24 /*-----------------------------------------------------------------
25 * Persistent snapshots, by persistent we mean that the snapshot
26 * will survive a reboot.
27 *---------------------------------------------------------------*/
30 * We need to store a record of which parts of the origin have
31 * been copied to the snapshot device. The snapshot code
32 * requires that we copy exception chunks to chunk aligned areas
33 * of the COW store. It makes sense therefore, to store the
34 * metadata in chunk size blocks.
36 * There is no backward or forward compatibility implemented,
37 * snapshots with different disk versions than the kernel will
38 * not be usable. It is expected that "lvcreate" will blank out
39 * the start of a fresh COW device before calling the snapshot
42 * The first chunk of the COW device just contains the header.
43 * After this there is a chunk filled with exception metadata,
44 * followed by as many exception chunks as can fit in the
47 * All on disk structures are in little-endian format. The end
48 * of the exceptions info is indicated by an exception with a
49 * new_chunk of 0, which is invalid since it would point to the
54 * Magic for persistent snapshots: "SnAp" - Feeble isn't it.
56 #define SNAP_MAGIC 0x70416e53
59 * The on-disk version of the metadata.
61 #define SNAPSHOT_DISK_VERSION 1
63 #define NUM_SNAPSHOT_HDR_CHUNKS 1
69 * Is this snapshot valid. There is no way of recovering
70 * an invalid snapshot.
75 * Simple, incrementing version. no backward
84 struct disk_exception {
89 struct core_exception {
94 struct commit_callback {
95 void (*callback)(void *, int success);
100 * The top level structure for a persistent exception store.
103 struct dm_exception_store *store;
106 uint32_t exceptions_per_area;
109 * Now that we have an asynchronous kcopyd there is no
110 * need for large chunk sizes, so it wont hurt to have a
111 * whole chunks worth of metadata in memory at once.
116 * An area of zeros used to clear the next area.
121 * An area used for header. The header can be written
122 * concurrently with metadata (when invalidating the snapshot),
123 * so it needs a separate buffer.
128 * Used to keep track of which metadata area the data in
131 chunk_t current_area;
134 * The next free chunk for an exception.
136 * When creating exceptions, all the chunks here and above are
137 * free. It holds the next chunk to be allocated. On rare
138 * occasions (e.g. after a system crash) holes can be left in
139 * the exception store because chunks can be committed out of
142 * When merging exceptions, it does not necessarily mean all the
143 * chunks here and above are free. It holds the value it would
144 * have held if all chunks had been committed in order of
145 * allocation. Consequently the value may occasionally be
146 * slightly too low, but since it's only used for 'status' and
147 * it can never reach its minimum value too early this doesn't
154 * The index of next free exception in the current
157 uint32_t current_committed;
159 atomic_t pending_count;
160 uint32_t callback_count;
161 struct commit_callback *callbacks;
162 struct dm_io_client *io_client;
164 struct workqueue_struct *metadata_wq;
167 static int alloc_area(struct pstore *ps)
172 len = ps->store->chunk_size << SECTOR_SHIFT;
175 * Allocate the chunk_size block of memory that will hold
176 * a single metadata area.
178 ps->area = vmalloc(len);
182 ps->zero_area = vzalloc(len);
186 ps->header_area = vmalloc(len);
187 if (!ps->header_area)
188 goto err_header_area;
193 vfree(ps->zero_area);
202 static void free_area(struct pstore *ps)
206 vfree(ps->zero_area);
207 ps->zero_area = NULL;
208 vfree(ps->header_area);
209 ps->header_area = NULL;
213 struct dm_io_region *where;
214 struct dm_io_request *io_req;
215 struct work_struct work;
219 static void do_metadata(struct work_struct *work)
221 struct mdata_req *req = container_of(work, struct mdata_req, work);
223 req->result = dm_io(req->io_req, 1, req->where, NULL);
227 * Read or write a chunk aligned and sized block of data from a device.
229 static int chunk_io(struct pstore *ps, void *area, chunk_t chunk, int rw,
232 struct dm_io_region where = {
233 .bdev = dm_snap_cow(ps->store->snap)->bdev,
234 .sector = ps->store->chunk_size * chunk,
235 .count = ps->store->chunk_size,
237 struct dm_io_request io_req = {
239 .mem.type = DM_IO_VMA,
241 .client = ps->io_client,
244 struct mdata_req req;
247 return dm_io(&io_req, 1, &where, NULL);
250 req.io_req = &io_req;
253 * Issue the synchronous I/O from a different thread
254 * to avoid generic_make_request recursion.
256 INIT_WORK_ONSTACK(&req.work, do_metadata);
257 queue_work(ps->metadata_wq, &req.work);
258 flush_workqueue(ps->metadata_wq);
259 destroy_work_on_stack(&req.work);
265 * Convert a metadata area index to a chunk index.
267 static chunk_t area_location(struct pstore *ps, chunk_t area)
269 return NUM_SNAPSHOT_HDR_CHUNKS + ((ps->exceptions_per_area + 1) * area);
272 static void skip_metadata(struct pstore *ps)
274 uint32_t stride = ps->exceptions_per_area + 1;
275 chunk_t next_free = ps->next_free;
276 if (sector_div(next_free, stride) == NUM_SNAPSHOT_HDR_CHUNKS)
281 * Read or write a metadata area. Remembering to skip the first
282 * chunk which holds the header.
284 static int area_io(struct pstore *ps, int rw)
289 chunk = area_location(ps, ps->current_area);
291 r = chunk_io(ps, ps->area, chunk, rw, 0);
298 static void zero_memory_area(struct pstore *ps)
300 memset(ps->area, 0, ps->store->chunk_size << SECTOR_SHIFT);
303 static int zero_disk_area(struct pstore *ps, chunk_t area)
305 return chunk_io(ps, ps->zero_area, area_location(ps, area), WRITE, 0);
308 static int read_header(struct pstore *ps, int *new_snapshot)
311 struct disk_header *dh;
313 int chunk_size_supplied = 1;
317 * Use default chunk size (or logical_block_size, if larger)
320 if (!ps->store->chunk_size) {
321 ps->store->chunk_size = max(DM_CHUNK_SIZE_DEFAULT_SECTORS,
322 bdev_logical_block_size(dm_snap_cow(ps->store->snap)->
324 ps->store->chunk_mask = ps->store->chunk_size - 1;
325 ps->store->chunk_shift = __ffs(ps->store->chunk_size);
326 chunk_size_supplied = 0;
329 ps->io_client = dm_io_client_create();
330 if (IS_ERR(ps->io_client))
331 return PTR_ERR(ps->io_client);
337 r = chunk_io(ps, ps->header_area, 0, READ, 1);
341 dh = ps->header_area;
343 if (le32_to_cpu(dh->magic) == 0) {
348 if (le32_to_cpu(dh->magic) != SNAP_MAGIC) {
349 DMWARN("Invalid or corrupt snapshot");
355 ps->valid = le32_to_cpu(dh->valid);
356 ps->version = le32_to_cpu(dh->version);
357 chunk_size = le32_to_cpu(dh->chunk_size);
359 if (ps->store->chunk_size == chunk_size)
362 if (chunk_size_supplied)
363 DMWARN("chunk size %u in device metadata overrides "
364 "table chunk size of %u.",
365 chunk_size, ps->store->chunk_size);
367 /* We had a bogus chunk_size. Fix stuff up. */
370 r = dm_exception_store_set_chunk_size(ps->store, chunk_size,
373 DMERR("invalid on-disk chunk size %u: %s.",
374 chunk_size, chunk_err);
386 static int write_header(struct pstore *ps)
388 struct disk_header *dh;
390 memset(ps->header_area, 0, ps->store->chunk_size << SECTOR_SHIFT);
392 dh = ps->header_area;
393 dh->magic = cpu_to_le32(SNAP_MAGIC);
394 dh->valid = cpu_to_le32(ps->valid);
395 dh->version = cpu_to_le32(ps->version);
396 dh->chunk_size = cpu_to_le32(ps->store->chunk_size);
398 return chunk_io(ps, ps->header_area, 0, WRITE, 1);
402 * Access functions for the disk exceptions, these do the endian conversions.
404 static struct disk_exception *get_exception(struct pstore *ps, void *ps_area,
407 BUG_ON(index >= ps->exceptions_per_area);
409 return ((struct disk_exception *) ps_area) + index;
412 static void read_exception(struct pstore *ps, void *ps_area,
413 uint32_t index, struct core_exception *result)
415 struct disk_exception *de = get_exception(ps, ps_area, index);
418 result->old_chunk = le64_to_cpu(de->old_chunk);
419 result->new_chunk = le64_to_cpu(de->new_chunk);
422 static void write_exception(struct pstore *ps,
423 uint32_t index, struct core_exception *e)
425 struct disk_exception *de = get_exception(ps, ps->area, index);
428 de->old_chunk = cpu_to_le64(e->old_chunk);
429 de->new_chunk = cpu_to_le64(e->new_chunk);
432 static void clear_exception(struct pstore *ps, uint32_t index)
434 struct disk_exception *de = get_exception(ps, ps->area, index);
442 * Registers the exceptions that are present in the current area.
443 * 'full' is filled in to indicate if the area has been
446 static int insert_exceptions(struct pstore *ps, void *ps_area,
447 int (*callback)(void *callback_context,
448 chunk_t old, chunk_t new),
449 void *callback_context,
454 struct core_exception e;
456 /* presume the area is full */
459 for (i = 0; i < ps->exceptions_per_area; i++) {
460 read_exception(ps, ps_area, i, &e);
463 * If the new_chunk is pointing at the start of
464 * the COW device, where the first metadata area
465 * is we know that we've hit the end of the
466 * exceptions. Therefore the area is not full.
468 if (e.new_chunk == 0LL) {
469 ps->current_committed = i;
475 * Keep track of the start of the free chunks.
477 if (ps->next_free <= e.new_chunk)
478 ps->next_free = e.new_chunk + 1;
481 * Otherwise we add the exception to the snapshot.
483 r = callback(callback_context, e.old_chunk, e.new_chunk);
491 static int read_exceptions(struct pstore *ps,
492 int (*callback)(void *callback_context, chunk_t old,
494 void *callback_context)
497 struct dm_bufio_client *client;
498 chunk_t prefetch_area = 0;
500 client = dm_bufio_client_create(dm_snap_cow(ps->store->snap)->bdev,
501 ps->store->chunk_size << SECTOR_SHIFT,
505 return PTR_ERR(client);
508 * Setup for one current buffer + desired readahead buffers.
510 dm_bufio_set_minimum_buffers(client, 1 + DM_PREFETCH_CHUNKS);
513 * Keeping reading chunks and inserting exceptions until
514 * we find a partially full area.
516 for (ps->current_area = 0; full; ps->current_area++) {
517 struct dm_buffer *bp;
521 if (unlikely(prefetch_area < ps->current_area))
522 prefetch_area = ps->current_area;
524 if (DM_PREFETCH_CHUNKS) do {
525 chunk_t pf_chunk = area_location(ps, prefetch_area);
526 if (unlikely(pf_chunk >= dm_bufio_get_device_size(client)))
528 dm_bufio_prefetch(client, pf_chunk, 1);
530 if (unlikely(!prefetch_area))
532 } while (prefetch_area <= ps->current_area + DM_PREFETCH_CHUNKS);
534 chunk = area_location(ps, ps->current_area);
536 area = dm_bufio_read(client, chunk, &bp);
539 goto ret_destroy_bufio;
542 r = insert_exceptions(ps, area, callback, callback_context,
546 memcpy(ps->area, area, ps->store->chunk_size << SECTOR_SHIFT);
548 dm_bufio_release(bp);
550 dm_bufio_forget(client, chunk);
553 goto ret_destroy_bufio;
563 dm_bufio_client_destroy(client);
568 static struct pstore *get_info(struct dm_exception_store *store)
570 return (struct pstore *) store->context;
573 static void persistent_usage(struct dm_exception_store *store,
574 sector_t *total_sectors,
575 sector_t *sectors_allocated,
576 sector_t *metadata_sectors)
578 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
580 *sectors_allocated = ps->next_free * store->chunk_size;
581 *total_sectors = get_dev_size(dm_snap_cow(store->snap)->bdev);
584 * First chunk is the fixed header.
585 * Then there are (ps->current_area + 1) metadata chunks, each one
586 * separated from the next by ps->exceptions_per_area data chunks.
588 *metadata_sectors = (ps->current_area + 1 + NUM_SNAPSHOT_HDR_CHUNKS) *
592 static void persistent_dtr(struct dm_exception_store *store)
594 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
596 destroy_workqueue(ps->metadata_wq);
598 /* Created in read_header */
600 dm_io_client_destroy(ps->io_client);
603 /* Allocated in persistent_read_metadata */
604 vfree(ps->callbacks);
609 static int persistent_read_metadata(struct dm_exception_store *store,
610 int (*callback)(void *callback_context,
611 chunk_t old, chunk_t new),
612 void *callback_context)
614 int r, uninitialized_var(new_snapshot);
615 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
618 * Read the snapshot header.
620 r = read_header(ps, &new_snapshot);
625 * Now we know correct chunk_size, complete the initialisation.
627 ps->exceptions_per_area = (ps->store->chunk_size << SECTOR_SHIFT) /
628 sizeof(struct disk_exception);
629 ps->callbacks = dm_vcalloc(ps->exceptions_per_area,
630 sizeof(*ps->callbacks));
635 * Do we need to setup a new snapshot ?
638 r = write_header(ps);
640 DMWARN("write_header failed");
644 ps->current_area = 0;
645 zero_memory_area(ps);
646 r = zero_disk_area(ps, 0);
648 DMWARN("zero_disk_area(0) failed");
654 if (ps->version != SNAPSHOT_DISK_VERSION) {
655 DMWARN("unable to handle snapshot disk version %d",
661 * Metadata are valid, but snapshot is invalidated
669 r = read_exceptions(ps, callback, callback_context);
674 static int persistent_prepare_exception(struct dm_exception_store *store,
675 struct dm_exception *e)
677 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
678 sector_t size = get_dev_size(dm_snap_cow(store->snap)->bdev);
680 /* Is there enough room ? */
681 if (size < ((ps->next_free + 1) * store->chunk_size))
684 e->new_chunk = ps->next_free;
687 * Move onto the next free pending, making sure to take
688 * into account the location of the metadata chunks.
693 atomic_inc(&ps->pending_count);
697 static void persistent_commit_exception(struct dm_exception_store *store,
698 struct dm_exception *e,
699 void (*callback) (void *, int success),
700 void *callback_context)
703 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
704 struct core_exception ce;
705 struct commit_callback *cb;
707 ce.old_chunk = e->old_chunk;
708 ce.new_chunk = e->new_chunk;
709 write_exception(ps, ps->current_committed++, &ce);
712 * Add the callback to the back of the array. This code
713 * is the only place where the callback array is
714 * manipulated, and we know that it will never be called
715 * multiple times concurrently.
717 cb = ps->callbacks + ps->callback_count++;
718 cb->callback = callback;
719 cb->context = callback_context;
722 * If there are exceptions in flight and we have not yet
723 * filled this metadata area there's nothing more to do.
725 if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&ps->pending_count) &&
726 (ps->current_committed != ps->exceptions_per_area))
730 * If we completely filled the current area, then wipe the next one.
732 if ((ps->current_committed == ps->exceptions_per_area) &&
733 zero_disk_area(ps, ps->current_area + 1))
737 * Commit exceptions to disk.
739 if (ps->valid && area_io(ps, WRITE_FLUSH_FUA))
743 * Advance to the next area if this one is full.
745 if (ps->current_committed == ps->exceptions_per_area) {
746 ps->current_committed = 0;
748 zero_memory_area(ps);
751 for (i = 0; i < ps->callback_count; i++) {
752 cb = ps->callbacks + i;
753 cb->callback(cb->context, ps->valid);
756 ps->callback_count = 0;
759 static int persistent_prepare_merge(struct dm_exception_store *store,
760 chunk_t *last_old_chunk,
761 chunk_t *last_new_chunk)
763 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
764 struct core_exception ce;
769 * When current area is empty, move back to preceding area.
771 if (!ps->current_committed) {
775 if (!ps->current_area)
779 r = area_io(ps, READ);
782 ps->current_committed = ps->exceptions_per_area;
785 read_exception(ps, ps->area, ps->current_committed - 1, &ce);
786 *last_old_chunk = ce.old_chunk;
787 *last_new_chunk = ce.new_chunk;
790 * Find number of consecutive chunks within the current area,
793 for (nr_consecutive = 1; nr_consecutive < ps->current_committed;
795 read_exception(ps, ps->area,
796 ps->current_committed - 1 - nr_consecutive, &ce);
797 if (ce.old_chunk != *last_old_chunk - nr_consecutive ||
798 ce.new_chunk != *last_new_chunk - nr_consecutive)
802 return nr_consecutive;
805 static int persistent_commit_merge(struct dm_exception_store *store,
809 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
811 BUG_ON(nr_merged > ps->current_committed);
813 for (i = 0; i < nr_merged; i++)
814 clear_exception(ps, ps->current_committed - 1 - i);
816 r = area_io(ps, WRITE_FLUSH_FUA);
820 ps->current_committed -= nr_merged;
823 * At this stage, only persistent_usage() uses ps->next_free, so
824 * we make no attempt to keep ps->next_free strictly accurate
825 * as exceptions may have been committed out-of-order originally.
826 * Once a snapshot has become merging, we set it to the value it
827 * would have held had all the exceptions been committed in order.
829 * ps->current_area does not get reduced by prepare_merge() until
830 * after commit_merge() has removed the nr_merged previous exceptions.
832 ps->next_free = area_location(ps, ps->current_area) +
833 ps->current_committed + 1;
838 static void persistent_drop_snapshot(struct dm_exception_store *store)
840 struct pstore *ps = get_info(store);
843 if (write_header(ps))
844 DMWARN("write header failed");
847 static int persistent_ctr(struct dm_exception_store *store, char *options)
852 /* allocate the pstore */
853 ps = kzalloc(sizeof(*ps), GFP_KERNEL);
859 ps->version = SNAPSHOT_DISK_VERSION;
861 ps->zero_area = NULL;
862 ps->header_area = NULL;
863 ps->next_free = NUM_SNAPSHOT_HDR_CHUNKS + 1; /* header and 1st area */
864 ps->current_committed = 0;
866 ps->callback_count = 0;
867 atomic_set(&ps->pending_count, 0);
868 ps->callbacks = NULL;
870 ps->metadata_wq = alloc_workqueue("ksnaphd", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0);
871 if (!ps->metadata_wq) {
872 DMERR("couldn't start header metadata update thread");
878 char overflow = toupper(options[0]);
880 store->userspace_supports_overflow = true;
882 DMERR("Unsupported persistent store option: %s", options);
893 destroy_workqueue(ps->metadata_wq);
900 static unsigned persistent_status(struct dm_exception_store *store,
901 status_type_t status, char *result,
907 case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
909 case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
910 DMEMIT(" %s %llu", store->userspace_supports_overflow ? "PO" : "P",
911 (unsigned long long)store->chunk_size);
917 static struct dm_exception_store_type _persistent_type = {
918 .name = "persistent",
919 .module = THIS_MODULE,
920 .ctr = persistent_ctr,
921 .dtr = persistent_dtr,
922 .read_metadata = persistent_read_metadata,
923 .prepare_exception = persistent_prepare_exception,
924 .commit_exception = persistent_commit_exception,
925 .prepare_merge = persistent_prepare_merge,
926 .commit_merge = persistent_commit_merge,
927 .drop_snapshot = persistent_drop_snapshot,
928 .usage = persistent_usage,
929 .status = persistent_status,
932 static struct dm_exception_store_type _persistent_compat_type = {
934 .module = THIS_MODULE,
935 .ctr = persistent_ctr,
936 .dtr = persistent_dtr,
937 .read_metadata = persistent_read_metadata,
938 .prepare_exception = persistent_prepare_exception,
939 .commit_exception = persistent_commit_exception,
940 .prepare_merge = persistent_prepare_merge,
941 .commit_merge = persistent_commit_merge,
942 .drop_snapshot = persistent_drop_snapshot,
943 .usage = persistent_usage,
944 .status = persistent_status,
947 int dm_persistent_snapshot_init(void)
951 r = dm_exception_store_type_register(&_persistent_type);
953 DMERR("Unable to register persistent exception store type");
957 r = dm_exception_store_type_register(&_persistent_compat_type);
959 DMERR("Unable to register old-style persistent exception "
961 dm_exception_store_type_unregister(&_persistent_type);
968 void dm_persistent_snapshot_exit(void)
970 dm_exception_store_type_unregister(&_persistent_type);
971 dm_exception_store_type_unregister(&_persistent_compat_type);