2 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Artem Bityutskiy
3 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Jarkko Lavinen
4 * Copyright (C) 2006-2008 Adrian Hunter
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
8 * the Free Software Foundation.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
16 * this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
19 * Authors: Artem Bityutskiy, Jarkko Lavinen, Adria Hunter
21 * WARNING: this test program may kill your flash and your device. Do not
22 * use it unless you know what you do. Authors are not responsible for any
23 * damage caused by this program.
26 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
28 #include <linux/init.h>
29 #include <linux/module.h>
30 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
31 #include <linux/err.h>
32 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
34 #include <linux/sched.h>
40 module_param(eb, int, S_IRUGO);
41 MODULE_PARM_DESC(eb, "eraseblock number within the selected MTD device");
43 static int ebcnt = 32;
44 module_param(ebcnt, int, S_IRUGO);
45 MODULE_PARM_DESC(ebcnt, "number of consecutive eraseblocks to torture");
48 module_param(pgcnt, int, S_IRUGO);
49 MODULE_PARM_DESC(pgcnt, "number of pages per eraseblock to torture (0 => all)");
51 static int dev = -EINVAL;
52 module_param(dev, int, S_IRUGO);
53 MODULE_PARM_DESC(dev, "MTD device number to use");
55 static int gran = 512;
56 module_param(gran, int, S_IRUGO);
57 MODULE_PARM_DESC(gran, "how often the status information should be printed");
60 module_param(check, int, S_IRUGO);
61 MODULE_PARM_DESC(check, "if the written data should be checked");
63 static unsigned int cycles_count;
64 module_param(cycles_count, uint, S_IRUGO);
65 MODULE_PARM_DESC(cycles_count, "how many erase cycles to do "
66 "(infinite by default)");
68 static struct mtd_info *mtd;
70 /* This buffer contains 0x555555...0xAAAAAA... pattern */
71 static unsigned char *patt_5A5;
72 /* This buffer contains 0xAAAAAA...0x555555... pattern */
73 static unsigned char *patt_A5A;
74 /* This buffer contains all 0xFF bytes */
75 static unsigned char *patt_FF;
76 /* This a temporary buffer is use when checking data */
77 static unsigned char *check_buf;
78 /* How many erase cycles were done */
79 static unsigned int erase_cycles;
82 static struct timeval start, finish;
84 static void report_corrupt(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written);
86 static inline void start_timing(void)
88 do_gettimeofday(&start);
91 static inline void stop_timing(void)
93 do_gettimeofday(&finish);
97 * Check that the contents of eraseblock number @enbum is equivalent to the
100 static inline int check_eraseblock(int ebnum, unsigned char *buf)
102 int err, retries = 0;
104 loff_t addr = ebnum * mtd->erasesize;
105 size_t len = mtd->erasesize;
108 addr = (ebnum + 1) * mtd->erasesize - pgcnt * pgsize;
109 len = pgcnt * pgsize;
113 err = mtd_read(mtd, addr, len, &read, check_buf);
114 if (mtd_is_bitflip(err))
115 pr_err("single bit flip occurred at EB %d "
116 "MTD reported that it was fixed.\n", ebnum);
118 pr_err("error %d while reading EB %d, "
119 "read %zd\n", err, ebnum, read);
124 pr_err("failed to read %zd bytes from EB %d, "
125 "read only %zd, but no error reported\n",
130 if (memcmp(buf, check_buf, len)) {
131 pr_err("read wrong data from EB %d\n", ebnum);
132 report_corrupt(check_buf, buf);
134 if (retries++ < RETRIES) {
137 pr_info("re-try reading data from EB %d\n",
141 pr_info("retried %d times, still errors, "
142 "give-up\n", RETRIES);
148 pr_info("only attempt number %d was OK (!!!)\n",
154 static inline int write_pattern(int ebnum, void *buf)
158 loff_t addr = ebnum * mtd->erasesize;
159 size_t len = mtd->erasesize;
162 addr = (ebnum + 1) * mtd->erasesize - pgcnt * pgsize;
163 len = pgcnt * pgsize;
165 err = mtd_write(mtd, addr, len, &written, buf);
167 pr_err("error %d while writing EB %d, written %zd"
168 " bytes\n", err, ebnum, written);
171 if (written != len) {
172 pr_info("written only %zd bytes of %zd, but no error"
173 " reported\n", written, len);
180 static int __init tort_init(void)
182 int err = 0, i, infinite = !cycles_count;
183 unsigned char *bad_ebs;
185 printk(KERN_INFO "\n");
186 printk(KERN_INFO "=================================================\n");
187 pr_info("Warning: this program is trying to wear out your "
188 "flash, stop it if this is not wanted.\n");
191 pr_info("Please specify a valid mtd-device via module parameter\n");
192 pr_crit("CAREFUL: This test wipes all data on the specified MTD device!\n");
196 pr_info("MTD device: %d\n", dev);
197 pr_info("torture %d eraseblocks (%d-%d) of mtd%d\n",
198 ebcnt, eb, eb + ebcnt - 1, dev);
200 pr_info("torturing just %d pages per eraseblock\n",
202 pr_info("write verify %s\n", check ? "enabled" : "disabled");
204 mtd = get_mtd_device(NULL, dev);
207 pr_err("error: cannot get MTD device\n");
211 if (mtd->writesize == 1) {
212 pr_info("not NAND flash, assume page size is 512 "
216 pgsize = mtd->writesize;
218 if (pgcnt && (pgcnt > mtd->erasesize / pgsize || pgcnt < 0)) {
219 pr_err("error: invalid pgcnt value %d\n", pgcnt);
224 patt_5A5 = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
228 patt_A5A = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
232 patt_FF = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
236 check_buf = kmalloc(mtd->erasesize, GFP_KERNEL);
240 bad_ebs = kzalloc(ebcnt, GFP_KERNEL);
246 /* Initialize patterns */
247 memset(patt_FF, 0xFF, mtd->erasesize);
248 for (i = 0; i < mtd->erasesize / pgsize; i++) {
250 memset(patt_5A5 + i * pgsize, 0x55, pgsize);
251 memset(patt_A5A + i * pgsize, 0xAA, pgsize);
253 memset(patt_5A5 + i * pgsize, 0xAA, pgsize);
254 memset(patt_A5A + i * pgsize, 0x55, pgsize);
258 err = mtdtest_scan_for_bad_eraseblocks(mtd, bad_ebs, eb, ebcnt);
267 err = mtdtest_erase_good_eraseblocks(mtd, bad_ebs, eb, ebcnt);
271 /* Check if the eraseblocks contain only 0xFF bytes */
273 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
276 err = check_eraseblock(i, patt_FF);
278 pr_info("verify failed"
279 " for 0xFF... pattern\n");
286 /* Write the pattern */
287 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
290 if ((eb + erase_cycles) & 1)
294 err = write_pattern(i, patt);
300 /* Verify what we wrote */
302 for (i = eb; i < eb + ebcnt; i++) {
305 if ((eb + erase_cycles) & 1)
309 err = check_eraseblock(i, patt);
311 pr_info("verify failed for %s"
313 ((eb + erase_cycles) & 1) ?
314 "0x55AA55..." : "0xAA55AA...");
323 if (erase_cycles % gran == 0) {
327 ms = (finish.tv_sec - start.tv_sec) * 1000 +
328 (finish.tv_usec - start.tv_usec) / 1000;
329 pr_info("%08u erase cycles done, took %lu "
330 "milliseconds (%lu seconds)\n",
331 erase_cycles, ms, ms / 1000);
335 if (!infinite && --cycles_count == 0)
340 pr_info("finished after %u erase cycles\n",
354 pr_info("error %d occurred during torturing\n", err);
355 printk(KERN_INFO "=================================================\n");
358 module_init(tort_init);
360 static void __exit tort_exit(void)
364 module_exit(tort_exit);
366 static int countdiffs(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char *check_buf,
367 unsigned offset, unsigned len, unsigned *bytesp,
369 static void print_bufs(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written, int start,
373 * Report the detailed information about how the read EB differs from what was
376 static void report_corrupt(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written)
379 int bytes, bits, pages, first;
381 size_t check_len = mtd->erasesize;
384 check_len = pgcnt * pgsize;
386 bytes = bits = pages = 0;
387 for (i = 0; i < check_len; i += pgsize)
388 if (countdiffs(written, read, i, pgsize, &bytes,
392 pr_info("verify fails on %d pages, %d bytes/%d bits\n",
394 pr_info("The following is a list of all differences between"
395 " what was read from flash and what was expected\n");
397 for (i = 0; i < check_len; i += pgsize) {
400 first = countdiffs(written, read, i, pgsize, &bytes,
405 printk("-------------------------------------------------------"
406 "----------------------------------\n");
408 pr_info("Page %zd has %d bytes/%d bits failing verify,"
409 " starting at offset 0x%x\n",
410 (mtd->erasesize - check_len + i) / pgsize,
413 offset = first & ~0x7;
414 len = ((first + bytes) | 0x7) + 1 - offset;
416 print_bufs(read, written, offset, len);
420 static void print_bufs(unsigned char *read, unsigned char *written, int start,
426 printk("Offset Read Written\n");
428 printk("0x%08x: ", start + i);
430 for (j1 = 0; j1 < 8 && i + j1 < len; j1++) {
431 printk(" %02x", read[start + i + j1]);
432 if (read[start + i + j1] != written[start + i + j1])
441 printk(" %s ", diff);
443 for (j2 = 0; j2 < 8 && i + j2 < len; j2++)
444 printk(" %02x", written[start + i + j2]);
451 * Count the number of differing bytes and bits and return the first differing
454 static int countdiffs(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char *check_buf,
455 unsigned offset, unsigned len, unsigned *bytesp,
461 for (i = offset; i < offset + len; i++)
462 if (buf[i] != check_buf[i]) {
467 while (i < offset + len) {
468 if (buf[i] != check_buf[i]) {
472 if ((buf[i] & bit) != (check_buf[i] & bit))
483 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Eraseblock torturing module");
484 MODULE_AUTHOR("Artem Bityutskiy, Jarkko Lavinen, Adrian Hunter");
485 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");