2 * Copyright (C) 2011 Google, Inc.
3 * Copyright (C) 2012 Intel, Inc.
4 * Copyright (C) 2013 Intel, Inc.
5 * Copyright (C) 2014 Linaro Limited
7 * This software is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public
8 * License version 2, as published by the Free Software Foundation, and
9 * may be copied, distributed, and modified under those terms.
11 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 * GNU General Public License for more details.
18 /* This source file contains the implementation of a special device driver
19 * that intends to provide a *very* fast communication channel between the
20 * guest system and the QEMU emulator.
22 * Usage from the guest is simply the following (error handling simplified):
24 * int fd = open("/dev/qemu_pipe",O_RDWR);
25 * .... write() or read() through the pipe.
27 * This driver doesn't deal with the exact protocol used during the session.
28 * It is intended to be as simple as something like:
30 * // do this _just_ after opening the fd to connect to a specific
31 * // emulator service.
32 * const char* msg = "<pipename>";
33 * if (write(fd, msg, strlen(msg)+1) < 0) {
34 * ... could not connect to <pipename> service
38 * // after this, simply read() and write() to communicate with the
39 * // service. Exact protocol details left as an exercise to the reader.
41 * This driver is very fast because it doesn't copy any data through
42 * intermediate buffers, since the emulator is capable of translating
43 * guest user addresses into host ones.
45 * Note that we must however ensure that each user page involved in the
46 * exchange is properly mapped during a transfer.
49 #include <linux/module.h>
50 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
51 #include <linux/kernel.h>
52 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
53 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
54 #include <linux/platform_device.h>
55 #include <linux/poll.h>
56 #include <linux/sched.h>
57 #include <linux/bitops.h>
58 #include <linux/slab.h>
60 #include <linux/goldfish.h>
62 #include <linux/acpi.h>
65 * IMPORTANT: The following constants must match the ones used and defined
66 * in external/qemu/hw/goldfish_pipe.c in the Android source tree.
69 /* pipe device registers */
70 #define PIPE_REG_COMMAND 0x00 /* write: value = command */
71 #define PIPE_REG_STATUS 0x04 /* read */
72 #define PIPE_REG_CHANNEL 0x08 /* read/write: channel id */
73 #define PIPE_REG_CHANNEL_HIGH 0x30 /* read/write: channel id */
74 #define PIPE_REG_SIZE 0x0c /* read/write: buffer size */
75 #define PIPE_REG_ADDRESS 0x10 /* write: physical address */
76 #define PIPE_REG_ADDRESS_HIGH 0x34 /* write: physical address */
77 #define PIPE_REG_WAKES 0x14 /* read: wake flags */
78 #define PIPE_REG_PARAMS_ADDR_LOW 0x18 /* read/write: batch data address */
79 #define PIPE_REG_PARAMS_ADDR_HIGH 0x1c /* read/write: batch data address */
80 #define PIPE_REG_ACCESS_PARAMS 0x20 /* write: batch access */
81 #define PIPE_REG_VERSION 0x24 /* read: device version */
83 /* list of commands for PIPE_REG_COMMAND */
84 #define CMD_OPEN 1 /* open new channel */
85 #define CMD_CLOSE 2 /* close channel (from guest) */
86 #define CMD_POLL 3 /* poll read/write status */
88 /* List of bitflags returned in status of CMD_POLL command */
89 #define PIPE_POLL_IN (1 << 0)
90 #define PIPE_POLL_OUT (1 << 1)
91 #define PIPE_POLL_HUP (1 << 2)
93 /* The following commands are related to write operations */
94 #define CMD_WRITE_BUFFER 4 /* send a user buffer to the emulator */
95 #define CMD_WAKE_ON_WRITE 5 /* tell the emulator to wake us when writing
97 #define CMD_READ_BUFFER 6 /* receive a user buffer from the emulator */
98 #define CMD_WAKE_ON_READ 7 /* tell the emulator to wake us when reading
101 /* Possible status values used to signal errors - see goldfish_pipe_error_convert */
102 #define PIPE_ERROR_INVAL -1
103 #define PIPE_ERROR_AGAIN -2
104 #define PIPE_ERROR_NOMEM -3
105 #define PIPE_ERROR_IO -4
107 /* Bit-flags used to signal events from the emulator */
108 #define PIPE_WAKE_CLOSED (1 << 0) /* emulator closed pipe */
109 #define PIPE_WAKE_READ (1 << 1) /* pipe can now be read from */
110 #define PIPE_WAKE_WRITE (1 << 2) /* pipe can now be written to */
112 struct access_params {
113 unsigned long channel;
115 unsigned long address;
118 /* reserved for future extension */
122 /* The global driver data. Holds a reference to the i/o page used to
123 * communicate with the emulator, and a wake queue for blocked tasks
124 * waiting to be awoken.
126 struct goldfish_pipe_dev {
128 unsigned char __iomem *base;
129 struct access_params *aps;
134 static struct goldfish_pipe_dev pipe_dev[1];
136 /* This data type models a given pipe instance */
137 struct goldfish_pipe {
138 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev;
141 wait_queue_head_t wake_queue;
145 /* Bit flags for the 'flags' field */
147 BIT_CLOSED_ON_HOST = 0, /* pipe closed by host */
148 BIT_WAKE_ON_WRITE = 1, /* want to be woken on writes */
149 BIT_WAKE_ON_READ = 2, /* want to be woken on reads */
153 static u32 goldfish_cmd_status(struct goldfish_pipe *pipe, u32 cmd)
157 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = pipe->dev;
159 spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
160 gf_write_ptr(pipe, dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL,
161 dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL_HIGH);
162 writel(cmd, dev->base + PIPE_REG_COMMAND);
163 status = readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_STATUS);
164 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);
168 static void goldfish_cmd(struct goldfish_pipe *pipe, u32 cmd)
171 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = pipe->dev;
173 spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
174 gf_write_ptr(pipe, dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL,
175 dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL_HIGH);
176 writel(cmd, dev->base + PIPE_REG_COMMAND);
177 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);
180 /* This function converts an error code returned by the emulator through
181 * the PIPE_REG_STATUS i/o register into a valid negative errno value.
183 static int goldfish_pipe_error_convert(int status)
186 case PIPE_ERROR_AGAIN:
188 case PIPE_ERROR_NOMEM:
198 * Notice: QEMU will return 0 for un-known register access, indicating
199 * param_acess is supported or not
201 static int valid_batchbuffer_addr(struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev,
202 struct access_params *aps)
206 aph = readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_PARAMS_ADDR_HIGH);
207 apl = readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_PARAMS_ADDR_LOW);
209 paddr = ((u64)aph << 32) | apl;
210 if (paddr != (__pa(aps)))
216 static int setup_access_params_addr(struct platform_device *pdev,
217 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev)
220 struct access_params *aps;
222 aps = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct access_params), GFP_KERNEL);
228 writel((u32)(paddr >> 32), dev->base + PIPE_REG_PARAMS_ADDR_HIGH);
229 writel((u32)paddr, dev->base + PIPE_REG_PARAMS_ADDR_LOW);
231 if (valid_batchbuffer_addr(dev, aps)) {
238 /* A value that will not be set by qemu emulator */
239 #define INITIAL_BATCH_RESULT (0xdeadbeaf)
240 static int access_with_param(struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev, const int cmd,
241 unsigned long address, unsigned long avail,
242 struct goldfish_pipe *pipe, int *status)
244 struct access_params *aps = dev->aps;
249 aps->result = INITIAL_BATCH_RESULT;
250 aps->channel = (unsigned long)pipe;
252 aps->address = address;
254 writel(cmd, dev->base + PIPE_REG_ACCESS_PARAMS);
256 * If the aps->result has not changed, that means
257 * that the batch command failed
259 if (aps->result == INITIAL_BATCH_RESULT)
261 *status = aps->result;
265 static ssize_t goldfish_pipe_read_write(struct file *filp, char __user *buffer,
266 size_t bufflen, int is_write)
268 unsigned long irq_flags;
269 struct goldfish_pipe *pipe = filp->private_data;
270 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = pipe->dev;
271 unsigned long address, address_end;
272 int count = 0, ret = -EINVAL;
274 /* If the emulator already closed the pipe, no need to go further */
275 if (test_bit(BIT_CLOSED_ON_HOST, &pipe->flags))
278 /* Null reads or writes succeeds */
279 if (unlikely(bufflen == 0))
282 /* Check the buffer range for access */
283 if (!access_ok(is_write ? VERIFY_WRITE : VERIFY_READ,
287 /* Serialize access to the pipe */
288 if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&pipe->lock))
291 address = (unsigned long)(void *)buffer;
292 address_end = address + bufflen;
294 while (address < address_end) {
295 unsigned long page_end = (address & PAGE_MASK) + PAGE_SIZE;
296 unsigned long next = page_end < address_end ? page_end
298 unsigned long avail = next - address;
303 /* Either vaddr or paddr depending on the device version */
307 * We grab the pages on a page-by-page basis in case user
308 * space gives us a potentially huge buffer but the read only
309 * returns a small amount, then there's no need to pin that
310 * much memory to the process.
312 down_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem);
313 ret = get_user_pages(current, current->mm, address, 1,
314 !is_write, 0, &page, NULL);
315 up_read(¤t->mm->mmap_sem);
320 /* Device version 1 or newer (qemu-android) expects the
321 * physical address. */
322 xaddr = page_to_phys(page) | (address & ~PAGE_MASK);
324 /* Device version 0 (classic emulator) expects the
325 * virtual address. */
329 /* Now, try to transfer the bytes in the current page */
330 spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, irq_flags);
331 if (access_with_param(dev,
332 is_write ? CMD_WRITE_BUFFER : CMD_READ_BUFFER,
333 xaddr, avail, pipe, &status)) {
334 gf_write_ptr(pipe, dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL,
335 dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL_HIGH);
336 writel(avail, dev->base + PIPE_REG_SIZE);
337 gf_write_ptr((void *)xaddr,
338 dev->base + PIPE_REG_ADDRESS,
339 dev->base + PIPE_REG_ADDRESS_HIGH);
340 writel(is_write ? CMD_WRITE_BUFFER : CMD_READ_BUFFER,
341 dev->base + PIPE_REG_COMMAND);
342 status = readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_STATUS);
344 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, irq_flags);
346 if (status > 0 && !is_write)
347 set_page_dirty(page);
350 if (status > 0) { /* Correct transfer */
354 } else if (status == 0) { /* EOF */
357 } else if (status < 0 && count > 0) {
359 * An error occured and we already transfered
360 * something on one of the previous pages.
361 * Just return what we already copied and log this
364 * Note: This seems like an incorrect approach but
365 * cannot change it until we check if any user space
366 * ABI relies on this behavior.
368 if (status != PIPE_ERROR_AGAIN)
369 pr_info_ratelimited("goldfish_pipe: backend returned error %d on %s\n",
370 status, is_write ? "write" : "read");
376 * If the error is not PIPE_ERROR_AGAIN, or if we are not in
377 * non-blocking mode, just return the error code.
379 if (status != PIPE_ERROR_AGAIN ||
380 (filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) != 0) {
381 ret = goldfish_pipe_error_convert(status);
386 * The backend blocked the read/write, wait until the backend
387 * tells us it's ready to process more data.
389 wakeBit = is_write ? BIT_WAKE_ON_WRITE : BIT_WAKE_ON_READ;
390 set_bit(wakeBit, &pipe->flags);
392 /* Tell the emulator we're going to wait for a wake event */
394 is_write ? CMD_WAKE_ON_WRITE : CMD_WAKE_ON_READ);
396 /* Unlock the pipe, then wait for the wake signal */
397 mutex_unlock(&pipe->lock);
399 while (test_bit(wakeBit, &pipe->flags)) {
400 if (wait_event_interruptible(
402 !test_bit(wakeBit, &pipe->flags))) {
407 if (test_bit(BIT_CLOSED_ON_HOST, &pipe->flags)) {
413 /* Try to re-acquire the lock */
414 if (mutex_lock_interruptible(&pipe->lock)) {
419 mutex_unlock(&pipe->lock);
427 static ssize_t goldfish_pipe_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buffer,
428 size_t bufflen, loff_t *ppos)
430 return goldfish_pipe_read_write(filp, buffer, bufflen, 0);
433 static ssize_t goldfish_pipe_write(struct file *filp,
434 const char __user *buffer, size_t bufflen,
437 return goldfish_pipe_read_write(filp, (char __user *)buffer,
442 static unsigned int goldfish_pipe_poll(struct file *filp, poll_table *wait)
444 struct goldfish_pipe *pipe = filp->private_data;
445 unsigned int mask = 0;
448 mutex_lock(&pipe->lock);
450 poll_wait(filp, &pipe->wake_queue, wait);
452 status = goldfish_cmd_status(pipe, CMD_POLL);
454 mutex_unlock(&pipe->lock);
456 if (status & PIPE_POLL_IN)
457 mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
459 if (status & PIPE_POLL_OUT)
460 mask |= POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
462 if (status & PIPE_POLL_HUP)
465 if (test_bit(BIT_CLOSED_ON_HOST, &pipe->flags))
471 static irqreturn_t goldfish_pipe_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
473 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = dev_id;
474 unsigned long irq_flags;
478 * We're going to read from the emulator a list of (channel,flags)
479 * pairs corresponding to the wake events that occured on each
480 * blocked pipe (i.e. channel).
482 spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, irq_flags);
484 /* First read the channel, 0 means the end of the list */
485 struct goldfish_pipe *pipe;
487 unsigned long channel = 0;
490 channel = (u64)readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL_HIGH) << 32;
495 channel |= readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_CHANNEL);
500 /* Convert channel to struct pipe pointer + read wake flags */
501 wakes = readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_WAKES);
502 pipe = (struct goldfish_pipe *)(ptrdiff_t)channel;
504 /* Did the emulator just closed a pipe? */
505 if (wakes & PIPE_WAKE_CLOSED) {
506 set_bit(BIT_CLOSED_ON_HOST, &pipe->flags);
507 wakes |= PIPE_WAKE_READ | PIPE_WAKE_WRITE;
509 if (wakes & PIPE_WAKE_READ)
510 clear_bit(BIT_WAKE_ON_READ, &pipe->flags);
511 if (wakes & PIPE_WAKE_WRITE)
512 clear_bit(BIT_WAKE_ON_WRITE, &pipe->flags);
514 wake_up_interruptible(&pipe->wake_queue);
517 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, irq_flags);
519 return (count == 0) ? IRQ_NONE : IRQ_HANDLED;
523 * goldfish_pipe_open - open a channel to the AVD
524 * @inode: inode of device
525 * @file: file struct of opener
527 * Create a new pipe link between the emulator and the use application.
528 * Each new request produces a new pipe.
530 * Note: we use the pipe ID as a mux. All goldfish emulations are 32bit
531 * right now so this is fine. A move to 64bit will need this addressing
533 static int goldfish_pipe_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
535 struct goldfish_pipe *pipe;
536 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = pipe_dev;
539 /* Allocate new pipe kernel object */
540 pipe = kzalloc(sizeof(*pipe), GFP_KERNEL);
545 mutex_init(&pipe->lock);
546 init_waitqueue_head(&pipe->wake_queue);
549 * Now, tell the emulator we're opening a new pipe. We use the
550 * pipe object's address as the channel identifier for simplicity.
553 status = goldfish_cmd_status(pipe, CMD_OPEN);
559 /* All is done, save the pipe into the file's private data field */
560 file->private_data = pipe;
564 static int goldfish_pipe_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
566 struct goldfish_pipe *pipe = filp->private_data;
568 /* The guest is closing the channel, so tell the emulator right now */
569 goldfish_cmd(pipe, CMD_CLOSE);
571 filp->private_data = NULL;
575 static const struct file_operations goldfish_pipe_fops = {
576 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
577 .read = goldfish_pipe_read,
578 .write = goldfish_pipe_write,
579 .poll = goldfish_pipe_poll,
580 .open = goldfish_pipe_open,
581 .release = goldfish_pipe_release,
584 static struct miscdevice goldfish_pipe_device = {
585 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
586 .name = "goldfish_pipe",
587 .fops = &goldfish_pipe_fops,
590 static int goldfish_pipe_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
594 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = pipe_dev;
596 /* not thread safe, but this should not happen */
597 WARN_ON(dev->base != NULL);
599 spin_lock_init(&dev->lock);
601 r = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
602 if (r == NULL || resource_size(r) < PAGE_SIZE) {
603 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "can't allocate i/o page\n");
606 dev->base = devm_ioremap(&pdev->dev, r->start, PAGE_SIZE);
607 if (dev->base == NULL) {
608 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "ioremap failed\n");
612 r = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, 0);
619 err = devm_request_irq(&pdev->dev, dev->irq, goldfish_pipe_interrupt,
620 IRQF_SHARED, "goldfish_pipe", dev);
622 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "unable to allocate IRQ\n");
626 err = misc_register(&goldfish_pipe_device);
628 dev_err(&pdev->dev, "unable to register device\n");
631 setup_access_params_addr(pdev, dev);
633 /* Although the pipe device in the classic Android emulator does not
634 * recognize the 'version' register, it won't treat this as an error
635 * either and will simply return 0, which is fine. */
636 dev->version = readl(dev->base + PIPE_REG_VERSION);
644 static int goldfish_pipe_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
646 struct goldfish_pipe_dev *dev = pipe_dev;
647 misc_deregister(&goldfish_pipe_device);
652 static const struct acpi_device_id goldfish_pipe_acpi_match[] = {
656 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(acpi, goldfish_pipe_acpi_match);
658 static const struct of_device_id goldfish_pipe_of_match[] = {
659 { .compatible = "generic,android-pipe", },
662 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, goldfish_pipe_of_match);
664 static struct platform_driver goldfish_pipe = {
665 .probe = goldfish_pipe_probe,
666 .remove = goldfish_pipe_remove,
668 .name = "goldfish_pipe",
669 .of_match_table = goldfish_pipe_of_match,
670 .acpi_match_table = ACPI_PTR(goldfish_pipe_acpi_match),
674 module_platform_driver(goldfish_pipe);
675 MODULE_AUTHOR("David Turner <digit@google.com>");
676 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");