1 /******************************************************************************
4 * Device for creating grant references (in user-space) that may be shared
7 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
8 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
9 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
10 * GNU General Public License for more details.
12 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
13 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
14 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
18 * This driver exists to allow userspace programs in Linux to allocate kernel
19 * memory that will later be shared with another domain. Without this device,
20 * Linux userspace programs cannot create grant references.
22 * How this stuff works:
23 * X -> granting a page to Y
24 * Y -> mapping the grant from X
26 * 1. X uses the gntalloc device to allocate a page of kernel memory, P.
27 * 2. X creates an entry in the grant table that says domid(Y) can access P.
28 * This is done without a hypercall unless the grant table needs expansion.
29 * 3. X gives the grant reference identifier, GREF, to Y.
30 * 4. Y maps the page, either directly into kernel memory for use in a backend
31 * driver, or via a the gntdev device to map into the address space of an
32 * application running in Y. This is the first point at which Xen does any
33 * tracking of the page.
34 * 5. A program in X mmap()s a segment of the gntalloc device that corresponds
35 * to the shared page, and can now communicate with Y over the shared page.
38 * NOTE TO USERSPACE LIBRARIES:
39 * The grant allocation and mmap()ing are, naturally, two separate operations.
40 * You set up the sharing by calling the create ioctl() and then the mmap().
41 * Teardown requires munmap() and either close() or ioctl().
43 * WARNING: Since Xen does not allow a guest to forcibly end the use of a grant
44 * reference, this device can be used to consume kernel memory by leaving grant
45 * references mapped by another domain when an application exits. Therefore,
46 * there is a global limit on the number of pages that can be allocated. When
47 * all references to the page are unmapped, it will be freed during the next
51 #define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen:" KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
53 #include <linux/atomic.h>
54 #include <linux/module.h>
55 #include <linux/miscdevice.h>
56 #include <linux/kernel.h>
57 #include <linux/init.h>
58 #include <linux/slab.h>
60 #include <linux/device.h>
62 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
63 #include <linux/types.h>
64 #include <linux/list.h>
65 #include <linux/highmem.h>
69 #include <xen/grant_table.h>
70 #include <xen/gntalloc.h>
71 #include <xen/events.h>
73 static int limit = 1024;
74 module_param(limit, int, 0644);
75 MODULE_PARM_DESC(limit, "Maximum number of grants that may be allocated by "
76 "the gntalloc device");
78 static LIST_HEAD(gref_list);
79 static DEFINE_MUTEX(gref_mutex);
83 uint16_t pgoff:12; /* Bits 0-11: Offset of the byte to clear */
84 uint16_t flags:2; /* Bits 12-13: Unmap notification flags */
85 int event; /* Port (event channel) to notify */
88 /* Metadata on a grant reference. */
89 struct gntalloc_gref {
90 struct list_head next_gref; /* list entry gref_list */
91 struct list_head next_file; /* list entry file->list, if open */
92 struct page *page; /* The shared page */
93 uint64_t file_index; /* File offset for mmap() */
94 unsigned int users; /* Use count - when zero, waiting on Xen */
95 grant_ref_t gref_id; /* The grant reference number */
96 struct notify_info notify; /* Unmap notification */
99 struct gntalloc_file_private_data {
100 struct list_head list;
104 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data {
105 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
110 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref);
112 static void do_cleanup(void)
114 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
115 list_for_each_entry_safe(gref, n, &gref_list, next_gref) {
121 static int add_grefs(struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref *op,
122 uint32_t *gref_ids, struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv)
125 LIST_HEAD(queue_gref);
126 LIST_HEAD(queue_file);
127 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
129 readonly = !(op->flags & GNTALLOC_FLAG_WRITABLE);
131 for (i = 0; i < op->count; i++) {
132 gref = kzalloc(sizeof(*gref), GFP_KERNEL);
135 list_add_tail(&gref->next_gref, &queue_gref);
136 list_add_tail(&gref->next_file, &queue_file);
138 gref->file_index = op->index + i * PAGE_SIZE;
139 gref->page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL|__GFP_ZERO);
143 /* Grant foreign access to the page. */
144 gref->gref_id = gnttab_grant_foreign_access(op->domid,
145 pfn_to_mfn(page_to_pfn(gref->page)), readonly);
146 if ((int)gref->gref_id < 0) {
150 gref_ids[i] = gref->gref_id;
153 /* Add to gref lists. */
154 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
155 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
156 list_splice_tail(&queue_file, &priv->list);
157 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
162 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
163 gref_size -= (op->count - i);
165 list_for_each_entry(gref, &queue_file, next_file) {
166 /* __del_gref does not remove from queue_file */
170 /* It's possible for the target domain to map the just-allocated grant
171 * references by blindly guessing their IDs; if this is done, then
172 * __del_gref will leave them in the queue_gref list. They need to be
173 * added to the global list so that we can free them when they are no
176 if (unlikely(!list_empty(&queue_gref)))
177 list_splice_tail(&queue_gref, &gref_list);
178 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
182 static void __del_gref(struct gntalloc_gref *gref)
184 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE) {
185 uint8_t *tmp = kmap(gref->page);
186 tmp[gref->notify.pgoff] = 0;
189 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT) {
190 notify_remote_via_evtchn(gref->notify.event);
191 evtchn_put(gref->notify.event);
194 gref->notify.flags = 0;
196 if (gref->gref_id > 0) {
197 if (gnttab_query_foreign_access(gref->gref_id))
200 if (!gnttab_end_foreign_access_ref(gref->gref_id, 0))
203 gnttab_free_grant_reference(gref->gref_id);
207 list_del(&gref->next_gref);
210 __free_page(gref->page);
215 /* finds contiguous grant references in a file, returns the first */
216 static struct gntalloc_gref *find_grefs(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
217 uint64_t index, uint32_t count)
219 struct gntalloc_gref *rv = NULL, *gref;
220 list_for_each_entry(gref, &priv->list, next_file) {
221 if (gref->file_index == index && !rv)
224 if (gref->file_index != index)
236 * -------------------------------------
238 * -------------------------------------
240 static int gntalloc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
242 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv;
244 priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
247 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&priv->list);
249 filp->private_data = priv;
251 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
259 static int gntalloc_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
261 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
262 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
264 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
266 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
267 while (!list_empty(&priv->list)) {
268 gref = list_entry(priv->list.next,
269 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
270 list_del(&gref->next_file);
272 if (gref->users == 0)
276 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
281 static long gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
282 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref __user *arg)
285 struct ioctl_gntalloc_alloc_gref op;
288 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
290 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
295 gref_ids = kcalloc(op.count, sizeof(gref_ids[0]), GFP_TEMPORARY);
301 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
302 /* Clean up pages that were at zero (local) users but were still mapped
303 * by remote domains. Since those pages count towards the limit that we
304 * are about to enforce, removing them here is a good idea.
307 if (gref_size + op.count > limit) {
308 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
312 gref_size += op.count;
313 op.index = priv->index;
314 priv->index += op.count * PAGE_SIZE;
315 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
317 rc = add_grefs(&op, gref_ids, priv);
321 /* Once we finish add_grefs, it is unsafe to touch the new reference,
322 * since it is possible for a concurrent ioctl to remove it (by guessing
323 * its index). If the userspace application doesn't provide valid memory
324 * to write the IDs to, then it will need to close the file in order to
325 * release - which it will do by segfaulting when it tries to access the
328 if (copy_to_user(arg, &op, sizeof(op))) {
332 if (copy_to_user(arg->gref_ids, gref_ids,
333 sizeof(gref_ids[0]) * op.count)) {
344 static long gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
348 struct ioctl_gntalloc_dealloc_gref op;
349 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *n;
351 pr_debug("%s: priv %p\n", __func__, priv);
353 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op))) {
355 goto dealloc_grant_out;
358 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
359 gref = find_grefs(priv, op.index, op.count);
361 /* Remove from the file list only, and decrease reference count.
362 * The later call to do_cleanup() will remove from gref_list and
363 * free the memory if the pages aren't mapped anywhere.
365 for (i = 0; i < op.count; i++) {
366 n = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
367 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
368 list_del(&gref->next_file);
378 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
383 static long gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv,
386 struct ioctl_gntalloc_unmap_notify op;
387 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
392 if (copy_from_user(&op, arg, sizeof(op)))
395 index = op.index & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
396 pgoff = op.index & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
398 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
400 gref = find_grefs(priv, index, 1);
406 if (op.action & ~(UNMAP_NOTIFY_CLEAR_BYTE|UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)) {
411 /* We need to grab a reference to the event channel we are going to use
412 * to send the notify before releasing the reference we may already have
413 * (if someone has called this ioctl twice). This is required so that
414 * it is possible to change the clear_byte part of the notification
415 * without disturbing the event channel part, which may now be the last
416 * reference to that event channel.
418 if (op.action & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT) {
419 if (evtchn_get(op.event_channel_port)) {
425 if (gref->notify.flags & UNMAP_NOTIFY_SEND_EVENT)
426 evtchn_put(gref->notify.event);
428 gref->notify.flags = op.action;
429 gref->notify.pgoff = pgoff;
430 gref->notify.event = op.event_channel_port;
434 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
438 static long gntalloc_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
441 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
444 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_ALLOC_GREF:
445 return gntalloc_ioctl_alloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
447 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_DEALLOC_GREF:
448 return gntalloc_ioctl_dealloc(priv, (void __user *)arg);
450 case IOCTL_GNTALLOC_SET_UNMAP_NOTIFY:
451 return gntalloc_ioctl_unmap_notify(priv, (void __user *)arg);
460 static void gntalloc_vma_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
462 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *priv = vma->vm_private_data;
467 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
469 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
472 static void gntalloc_vma_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
474 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *priv = vma->vm_private_data;
475 struct gntalloc_gref *gref, *next;
481 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
483 if (priv->users == 0) {
485 for (i = 0; i < priv->count; i++) {
487 next = list_entry(gref->next_gref.next,
488 struct gntalloc_gref, next_gref);
489 if (gref->users == 0)
495 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
498 static struct vm_operations_struct gntalloc_vmops = {
499 .open = gntalloc_vma_open,
500 .close = gntalloc_vma_close,
503 static int gntalloc_mmap(struct file *filp, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
505 struct gntalloc_file_private_data *priv = filp->private_data;
506 struct gntalloc_vma_private_data *vm_priv;
507 struct gntalloc_gref *gref;
508 int count = (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
511 if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
512 pr_err("%s: Mapping must be shared\n", __func__);
516 vm_priv = kmalloc(sizeof(*vm_priv), GFP_KERNEL);
520 mutex_lock(&gref_mutex);
522 pr_debug("%s: priv %p,%p, page %lu+%d\n", __func__,
523 priv, vm_priv, vma->vm_pgoff, count);
525 gref = find_grefs(priv, vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT, count);
528 pr_debug("%s: Could not find grant reference",
534 vm_priv->gref = gref;
536 vm_priv->count = count;
538 vma->vm_private_data = vm_priv;
540 vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
542 vma->vm_ops = &gntalloc_vmops;
544 for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
546 rv = vm_insert_page(vma, vma->vm_start + i * PAGE_SIZE,
551 gref = list_entry(gref->next_file.next,
552 struct gntalloc_gref, next_file);
557 mutex_unlock(&gref_mutex);
561 static const struct file_operations gntalloc_fops = {
562 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
563 .open = gntalloc_open,
564 .release = gntalloc_release,
565 .unlocked_ioctl = gntalloc_ioctl,
566 .mmap = gntalloc_mmap
570 * -------------------------------------
571 * Module creation/destruction.
572 * -------------------------------------
574 static struct miscdevice gntalloc_miscdev = {
575 .minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
576 .name = "xen/gntalloc",
577 .fops = &gntalloc_fops,
580 static int __init gntalloc_init(void)
587 err = misc_register(&gntalloc_miscdev);
589 pr_err("Could not register misc gntalloc device\n");
593 pr_debug("Created grant allocation device at %d,%d\n",
594 MISC_MAJOR, gntalloc_miscdev.minor);
599 static void __exit gntalloc_exit(void)
601 misc_deregister(&gntalloc_miscdev);
604 module_init(gntalloc_init);
605 module_exit(gntalloc_exit);
607 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
608 MODULE_AUTHOR("Carter Weatherly <carter.weatherly@jhuapl.edu>, "
609 "Daniel De Graaf <dgdegra@tycho.nsa.gov>");
610 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("User-space grant reference allocator driver");