2 * Copyright 2013 Facebook, Inc.
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
17 #ifndef FOLLY_OPTIONAL_H_
18 #define FOLLY_OPTIONAL_H_
21 * Optional - For conditional initialization of values, like boost::optional,
22 * but with support for move semantics and emplacement. Reference type support
23 * has not been included due to limited use cases and potential confusion with
24 * semantics of assignment: Assigning to an optional reference could quite
25 * reasonably copy its value or redirect the reference.
27 * Optional can be useful when a variable might or might not be needed:
29 * Optional<Logger> maybeLogger = ...;
31 * maybeLogger->log("hello");
34 * Optional enables a 'null' value for types which do not otherwise have
35 * nullability, especially useful for parameter passing:
37 * void testIterator(const unique_ptr<Iterator>& it,
38 * initializer_list<int> idsExpected,
39 * Optional<initializer_list<int>> ranksExpected = none) {
40 * for (int i = 0; it->next(); ++i) {
41 * EXPECT_EQ(it->doc().id(), idsExpected[i]);
42 * if (ranksExpected) {
43 * EXPECT_EQ(it->doc().rank(), (*ranksExpected)[i]);
48 * Optional models OptionalPointee, so calling 'get_pointer(opt)' will return a
49 * pointer to nullptr if the 'opt' is empty, and a pointer to the value if it is
52 * Optional<int> maybeInt = ...;
53 * if (int* v = get_pointer(maybeInt)) {
60 #include <type_traits>
62 #include <boost/operators.hpp>
66 namespace detail { struct NoneHelper {}; }
68 typedef int detail::NoneHelper::*None;
70 const None none = nullptr;
73 * gcc-4.7 warns about use of uninitialized memory around the use of storage_
74 * even though this is explicitly initialized at each point.
76 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
77 # pragma GCC diagnostic push
78 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuninitialized"
79 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"
80 # pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
84 class Optional : boost::totally_ordered<Optional<Value>,
85 boost::totally_ordered<Optional<Value>, Value>> {
86 typedef void (Optional::*bool_type)() const;
87 void truthy() const {};
89 static_assert(!std::is_reference<Value>::value,
90 "Optional may not be used with reference types");
96 Optional(const Optional& src) {
98 construct(src.value());
104 Optional(Optional&& src) {
105 if (src.hasValue()) {
106 construct(std::move(src.value()));
113 /* implicit */ Optional(const None& empty)
117 /* implicit */ Optional(Value&& newValue) {
118 construct(std::move(newValue));
121 /* implicit */ Optional(const Value& newValue) {
129 void assign(const None&) {
133 void assign(Optional&& src) {
134 if (src.hasValue()) {
135 assign(std::move(src.value()));
142 void assign(const Optional& src) {
143 if (src.hasValue()) {
150 void assign(Value&& newValue) {
152 value_ = std::move(newValue);
154 construct(std::move(newValue));
158 void assign(const Value& newValue) {
167 Optional& operator=(Arg&& arg) {
168 assign(std::forward<Arg>(arg));
172 bool operator<(const Optional& other) const {
173 if (hasValue() != other.hasValue()) {
174 return hasValue() < other.hasValue();
177 return value() < other.value();
179 return false; // both empty
182 bool operator<(const Value& other) const {
183 return !hasValue() || value() < other;
186 bool operator==(const Optional& other) const {
188 return other.hasValue() && value() == other.value();
190 return !other.hasValue();
194 bool operator==(const Value& other) const {
195 return hasValue() && value() == other;
198 template<class... Args>
199 void emplace(Args&&... args) {
201 construct(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
211 const Value& value() const {
221 bool hasValue() const { return hasValue_; }
223 /* safe bool idiom */
224 operator bool_type() const {
225 return hasValue() ? &Optional::truthy : nullptr;
228 const Value& operator*() const { return value(); }
229 Value& operator*() { return value(); }
231 const Value* operator->() const { return &value(); }
232 Value* operator->() { return &value(); }
235 template<class... Args>
236 void construct(Args&&... args) {
237 const void* ptr = &value_;
238 // for supporting const types
239 new(const_cast<void*>(ptr)) Value(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
244 union { Value value_; };
248 #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
249 #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
253 const T* get_pointer(const Optional<T>& opt) {
254 return opt ? &opt.value() : nullptr;
258 T* get_pointer(Optional<T>& opt) {
259 return opt ? &opt.value() : nullptr;
263 void swap(Optional<T>& a, Optional<T>& b) {
264 if (a.hasValue() && b.hasValue()) {
267 swap(a.value(), b.value());
268 } else if (a.hasValue() || b.hasValue()) {
269 std::swap(a, b); // fall back to default implementation if they're mixed.
274 class Opt = Optional<typename std::decay<T>::type>>
275 Opt make_optional(T&& v) {
276 return Opt(std::forward<T>(v));
281 #endif//FOLLY_OPTIONAL_H_