3 /* Fast hashing routine for ints, longs and pointers.
4 (C) 2002 Nadia Yvette Chambers, IBM */
7 * Knuth recommends primes in approximately golden ratio to the maximum
8 * integer representable by a machine word for multiplicative hashing.
9 * Chuck Lever verified the effectiveness of this technique:
10 * http://www.citi.umich.edu/techreports/reports/citi-tr-00-1.pdf
12 * These primes are chosen to be bit-sparse, that is operations on
13 * them can use shifts and additions instead of multiplications for
14 * machines where multiplications are slow.
17 #include <asm/types.h>
18 #include <linux/compiler.h>
20 /* 2^31 + 2^29 - 2^25 + 2^22 - 2^19 - 2^16 + 1 */
21 #define GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_32 0x9e370001UL
22 /* 2^63 + 2^61 - 2^57 + 2^54 - 2^51 - 2^18 + 1 */
23 #define GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_64 0x9e37fffffffc0001UL
25 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
26 #define GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_32
27 #define hash_long(val, bits) hash_32(val, bits)
28 #elif BITS_PER_LONG == 64
29 #define hash_long(val, bits) hash_64(val, bits)
30 #define GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_64
32 #error Wordsize not 32 or 64
36 * The above primes are actively bad for hashing, since they are
37 * too sparse. The 32-bit one is mostly ok, the 64-bit one causes
38 * real problems. Besides, the "prime" part is pointless for the
39 * multiplicative hash.
41 * Although a random odd number will do, it turns out that the golden
42 * ratio phi = (sqrt(5)-1)/2, or its negative, has particularly nice
45 * These are the negative, (1 - phi) = (phi^2) = (3 - sqrt(5))/2.
46 * (See Knuth vol 3, section 6.4, exercise 9.)
48 #define GOLDEN_RATIO_32 0x61C88647
49 #define GOLDEN_RATIO_64 0x61C8864680B583EBull
51 static __always_inline u64 hash_64(u64 val, unsigned int bits)
55 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
56 hash = hash * GOLDEN_RATIO_64;
58 /* Sigh, gcc can't optimise this alone like it does for 32 bits. */
74 /* High bits are more random, so use them. */
75 return hash >> (64 - bits);
78 static inline u32 hash_32(u32 val, unsigned int bits)
80 /* On some cpus multiply is faster, on others gcc will do shifts */
81 u32 hash = val * GOLDEN_RATIO_PRIME_32;
83 /* High bits are more random, so use them. */
84 return hash >> (32 - bits);
87 static inline unsigned long hash_ptr(const void *ptr, unsigned int bits)
89 return hash_long((unsigned long)ptr, bits);
92 static inline u32 hash32_ptr(const void *ptr)
94 unsigned long val = (unsigned long)ptr;
96 #if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
102 #endif /* _LINUX_HASH_H */