1 //===- IVUsers.cpp - Induction Variable Users -------------------*- C++ -*-===//
3 // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
10 // This file implements bookkeeping for "interesting" users of expressions
11 // computed from induction variables.
13 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
15 #define DEBUG_TYPE "iv-users"
16 #include "llvm/Analysis/IVUsers.h"
17 #include "llvm/Constants.h"
18 #include "llvm/Instructions.h"
19 #include "llvm/Type.h"
20 #include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
21 #include "llvm/Analysis/Dominators.h"
22 #include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h"
23 #include "llvm/Analysis/LoopPass.h"
24 #include "llvm/Analysis/ScalarEvolutionExpressions.h"
25 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
26 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
27 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
32 static RegisterPass<IVUsers>
33 X("iv-users", "Induction Variable Users", false, true);
35 Pass *llvm::createIVUsersPass() {
39 /// containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop - Determine whether expression S involves a
40 /// subexpression that is an AddRec from a loop other than L. An outer loop
41 /// of L is OK, but not an inner loop nor a disjoint loop.
42 static bool containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(SCEVHandle S, Loop *L) {
43 // This is very common, put it first.
44 if (isa<SCEVConstant>(S))
46 if (const SCEVCommutativeExpr *AE = dyn_cast<SCEVCommutativeExpr>(S)) {
47 for (unsigned int i=0; i< AE->getNumOperands(); i++)
48 if (containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(AE->getOperand(i), L))
52 if (const SCEVAddRecExpr *AE = dyn_cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(S)) {
53 if (const Loop *newLoop = AE->getLoop()) {
56 // if newLoop is an outer loop of L, this is OK.
57 if (!LoopInfoBase<BasicBlock>::isNotAlreadyContainedIn(L, newLoop))
62 if (const SCEVUDivExpr *DE = dyn_cast<SCEVUDivExpr>(S))
63 return containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(DE->getLHS(), L) ||
64 containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(DE->getRHS(), L);
66 // SCEVSDivExpr has been backed out temporarily, but will be back; we'll
67 // need this when it is.
68 if (const SCEVSDivExpr *DE = dyn_cast<SCEVSDivExpr>(S))
69 return containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(DE->getLHS(), L) ||
70 containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(DE->getRHS(), L);
72 if (const SCEVCastExpr *CE = dyn_cast<SCEVCastExpr>(S))
73 return containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(CE->getOperand(), L);
77 /// getSCEVStartAndStride - Compute the start and stride of this expression,
78 /// returning false if the expression is not a start/stride pair, or true if it
79 /// is. The stride must be a loop invariant expression, but the start may be
80 /// a mix of loop invariant and loop variant expressions. The start cannot,
81 /// however, contain an AddRec from a different loop, unless that loop is an
82 /// outer loop of the current loop.
83 static bool getSCEVStartAndStride(const SCEVHandle &SH, Loop *L, Loop *UseLoop,
84 SCEVHandle &Start, SCEVHandle &Stride,
86 ScalarEvolution *SE, DominatorTree *DT) {
87 SCEVHandle TheAddRec = Start; // Initialize to zero.
91 // If the outer level is an AddExpr, the operands are all start values except
92 // for a nested AddRecExpr.
93 if (const SCEVAddExpr *AE = dyn_cast<SCEVAddExpr>(SH)) {
94 for (unsigned i = 0, e = AE->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
95 if (const SCEVAddRecExpr *AddRec =
96 dyn_cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(AE->getOperand(i))) {
97 if (AddRec->getLoop() == L)
98 TheAddRec = SE->getAddExpr(AddRec, TheAddRec);
100 return false; // Nested IV of some sort?
102 Start = SE->getAddExpr(Start, AE->getOperand(i));
105 } else if (const SCEVZeroExtendExpr *Z = dyn_cast<SCEVZeroExtendExpr>(SH)) {
106 TheAddRec = Z->getOperand();
108 } else if (const SCEVSignExtendExpr *S = dyn_cast<SCEVSignExtendExpr>(SH)) {
109 TheAddRec = S->getOperand();
111 } else if (isa<SCEVAddRecExpr>(SH)) {
114 return false; // not analyzable.
117 const SCEVAddRecExpr *AddRec = dyn_cast<SCEVAddRecExpr>(TheAddRec);
118 if (!AddRec || AddRec->getLoop() != L) return false;
120 // Use getSCEVAtScope to attempt to simplify other loops out of
122 SCEVHandle AddRecStart = AddRec->getStart();
123 SCEVHandle BetterAddRecStart = SE->getSCEVAtScope(AddRecStart, UseLoop);
124 if (!isa<SCEVCouldNotCompute>(BetterAddRecStart))
125 AddRecStart = BetterAddRecStart;
127 // FIXME: If Start contains an SCEVAddRecExpr from a different loop, other
128 // than an outer loop of the current loop, reject it. LSR has no concept of
129 // operating on more than one loop at a time so don't confuse it with such
131 if (containsAddRecFromDifferentLoop(AddRecStart, L))
134 if (isSExt || isZExt)
135 Start = SE->getTruncateExpr(Start, AddRec->getType());
137 Start = SE->getAddExpr(Start, AddRecStart);
139 if (!isa<SCEVConstant>(AddRec->getStepRecurrence(*SE))) {
140 // If stride is an instruction, make sure it dominates the loop preheader.
141 // Otherwise we could end up with a use before def situation.
142 BasicBlock *Preheader = L->getLoopPreheader();
143 if (!AddRec->getStepRecurrence(*SE)->dominates(Preheader, DT))
146 DOUT << "[" << L->getHeader()->getName()
147 << "] Variable stride: " << *AddRec << "\n";
150 Stride = AddRec->getStepRecurrence(*SE);
155 /// IVUseShouldUsePostIncValue - We have discovered a "User" of an IV expression
156 /// and now we need to decide whether the user should use the preinc or post-inc
157 /// value. If this user should use the post-inc version of the IV, return true.
159 /// Choosing wrong here can break dominance properties (if we choose to use the
160 /// post-inc value when we cannot) or it can end up adding extra live-ranges to
161 /// the loop, resulting in reg-reg copies (if we use the pre-inc value when we
162 /// should use the post-inc value).
163 static bool IVUseShouldUsePostIncValue(Instruction *User, Instruction *IV,
164 Loop *L, LoopInfo *LI, DominatorTree *DT,
166 // If the user is in the loop, use the preinc value.
167 if (L->contains(User->getParent())) return false;
169 BasicBlock *LatchBlock = L->getLoopLatch();
171 // Ok, the user is outside of the loop. If it is dominated by the latch
172 // block, use the post-inc value.
173 if (DT->dominates(LatchBlock, User->getParent()))
176 // There is one case we have to be careful of: PHI nodes. These little guys
177 // can live in blocks that are not dominated by the latch block, but (since
178 // their uses occur in the predecessor block, not the block the PHI lives in)
179 // should still use the post-inc value. Check for this case now.
180 PHINode *PN = dyn_cast<PHINode>(User);
181 if (!PN) return false; // not a phi, not dominated by latch block.
183 // Look at all of the uses of IV by the PHI node. If any use corresponds to
184 // a block that is not dominated by the latch block, give up and use the
185 // preincremented value.
186 unsigned NumUses = 0;
187 for (unsigned i = 0, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
188 if (PN->getIncomingValue(i) == IV) {
190 if (!DT->dominates(LatchBlock, PN->getIncomingBlock(i)))
194 // Okay, all uses of IV by PN are in predecessor blocks that really are
195 // dominated by the latch block. Use the post-incremented value.
199 /// AddUsersIfInteresting - Inspect the specified instruction. If it is a
200 /// reducible SCEV, recursively add its users to the IVUsesByStride set and
201 /// return true. Otherwise, return false.
202 bool IVUsers::AddUsersIfInteresting(Instruction *I) {
203 if (!SE->isSCEVable(I->getType()))
204 return false; // Void and FP expressions cannot be reduced.
206 // LSR is not APInt clean, do not touch integers bigger than 64-bits.
207 if (SE->getTypeSizeInBits(I->getType()) > 64)
210 if (!Processed.insert(I))
211 return true; // Instruction already handled.
213 // Get the symbolic expression for this instruction.
214 SCEVHandle ISE = SE->getSCEV(I);
215 if (isa<SCEVCouldNotCompute>(ISE)) return false;
217 // Get the start and stride for this expression.
218 Loop *UseLoop = LI->getLoopFor(I->getParent());
219 SCEVHandle Start = SE->getIntegerSCEV(0, ISE->getType());
220 SCEVHandle Stride = Start;
221 bool isSigned = false; // Arbitrary initial value - pacifies compiler.
223 if (!getSCEVStartAndStride(ISE, L, UseLoop, Start, Stride, isSigned, SE, DT))
224 return false; // Non-reducible symbolic expression, bail out.
226 SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 4> UniqueUsers;
227 for (Value::use_iterator UI = I->use_begin(), E = I->use_end();
229 Instruction *User = cast<Instruction>(*UI);
230 if (!UniqueUsers.insert(User))
233 // Do not infinitely recurse on PHI nodes.
234 if (isa<PHINode>(User) && Processed.count(User))
237 // Descend recursively, but not into PHI nodes outside the current loop.
238 // It's important to see the entire expression outside the loop to get
239 // choices that depend on addressing mode use right, although we won't
240 // consider references ouside the loop in all cases.
241 // If User is already in Processed, we don't want to recurse into it again,
242 // but do want to record a second reference in the same instruction.
243 bool AddUserToIVUsers = false;
244 if (LI->getLoopFor(User->getParent()) != L) {
245 if (isa<PHINode>(User) || Processed.count(User) ||
246 !AddUsersIfInteresting(User)) {
247 DOUT << "FOUND USER in other loop: " << *User
248 << " OF SCEV: " << *ISE << "\n";
249 AddUserToIVUsers = true;
251 } else if (Processed.count(User) ||
252 !AddUsersIfInteresting(User)) {
253 DOUT << "FOUND USER: " << *User
254 << " OF SCEV: " << *ISE << "\n";
255 AddUserToIVUsers = true;
258 if (AddUserToIVUsers) {
259 IVUsersOfOneStride *StrideUses = IVUsesByStride[Stride];
260 if (!StrideUses) { // First occurrence of this stride?
261 StrideOrder.push_back(Stride);
262 StrideUses = new IVUsersOfOneStride(Stride);
263 IVUses.push_back(StrideUses);
264 IVUsesByStride[Stride] = StrideUses;
267 // Okay, we found a user that we cannot reduce. Analyze the instruction
268 // and decide what to do with it. If we are a use inside of the loop, use
269 // the value before incrementation, otherwise use it after incrementation.
270 if (IVUseShouldUsePostIncValue(User, I, L, LI, DT, this)) {
271 // The value used will be incremented by the stride more than we are
272 // expecting, so subtract this off.
273 SCEVHandle NewStart = SE->getMinusSCEV(Start, Stride);
274 StrideUses->addUser(NewStart, User, I, isSigned);
275 StrideUses->Users.back().setIsUseOfPostIncrementedValue(true);
276 DOUT << " USING POSTINC SCEV, START=" << *NewStart<< "\n";
278 StrideUses->addUser(Start, User, I, isSigned);
289 void IVUsers::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
290 AU.addRequired<LoopInfo>();
291 AU.addRequired<DominatorTree>();
292 AU.addRequired<ScalarEvolution>();
293 AU.setPreservesAll();
296 bool IVUsers::runOnLoop(Loop *l, LPPassManager &LPM) {
299 LI = &getAnalysis<LoopInfo>();
300 DT = &getAnalysis<DominatorTree>();
301 SE = &getAnalysis<ScalarEvolution>();
303 // Find all uses of induction variables in this loop, and categorize
304 // them by stride. Start by finding all of the PHI nodes in the header for
305 // this loop. If they are induction variables, inspect their uses.
306 for (BasicBlock::iterator I = L->getHeader()->begin(); isa<PHINode>(I); ++I)
307 AddUsersIfInteresting(I);
312 /// getReplacementExpr - Return a SCEV expression which computes the
313 /// value of the OperandValToReplace of the given IVStrideUse.
314 SCEVHandle IVUsers::getReplacementExpr(const IVStrideUse &U) const {
315 const Type *UseTy = U.getOperandValToReplace()->getType();
317 SCEVHandle RetVal = SE->getIntegerSCEV(0, U.getParent()->Stride->getType());
318 // Create the basic add recurrence.
319 RetVal = SE->getAddRecExpr(RetVal, U.getParent()->Stride, L);
320 // Add the offset in a separate step, because it may be loop-variant.
321 RetVal = SE->getAddExpr(RetVal, U.getOffset());
322 // For uses of post-incremented values, add an extra stride to compute
323 // the actual replacement value.
324 if (U.isUseOfPostIncrementedValue())
325 RetVal = SE->getAddExpr(RetVal, U.getParent()->Stride);
326 // Evaluate the expression out of the loop, if possible.
327 if (!L->contains(U.getUser()->getParent())) {
328 SCEVHandle ExitVal = SE->getSCEVAtScope(RetVal, L->getParentLoop());
329 if (!isa<SCEVCouldNotCompute>(ExitVal) && ExitVal->isLoopInvariant(L))
332 // Promote the result to the type of the use.
333 if (SE->getTypeSizeInBits(RetVal->getType()) !=
334 SE->getTypeSizeInBits(UseTy)) {
336 RetVal = SE->getSignExtendExpr(RetVal, UseTy);
338 RetVal = SE->getZeroExtendExpr(RetVal, UseTy);
343 void IVUsers::print(raw_ostream &OS, const Module *M) const {
344 OS << "IV Users for loop ";
345 WriteAsOperand(OS, L->getHeader(), false);
346 if (SE->hasLoopInvariantBackedgeTakenCount(L)) {
347 OS << " with backedge-taken count "
348 << *SE->getBackedgeTakenCount(L);
352 for (unsigned Stride = 0, e = StrideOrder.size(); Stride != e; ++Stride) {
353 std::map<SCEVHandle, IVUsersOfOneStride*>::const_iterator SI =
354 IVUsesByStride.find(StrideOrder[Stride]);
355 assert(SI != IVUsesByStride.end() && "Stride doesn't exist!");
356 OS << " Stride " << *SI->first->getType() << " " << *SI->first << ":\n";
358 for (ilist<IVStrideUse>::const_iterator UI = SI->second->Users.begin(),
359 E = SI->second->Users.end(); UI != E; ++UI) {
361 WriteAsOperand(OS, UI->getOperandValToReplace(), false);
363 OS << *getReplacementExpr(*UI);
364 if (UI->isUseOfPostIncrementedValue())
367 UI->getUser()->print(OS);
372 void IVUsers::print(std::ostream &o, const Module *M) const {
373 raw_os_ostream OS(o);
377 void IVUsers::dump() const {
381 void IVUsers::releaseMemory() {
382 IVUsesByStride.clear();
387 void IVStrideUse::deleted() {
388 // Remove this user from the list.
389 Parent->Users.erase(this);