1 //===- ObjCARCContract.cpp - ObjC ARC Optimization ------------------------===//
3 // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
10 /// This file defines late ObjC ARC optimizations. ARC stands for Automatic
11 /// Reference Counting and is a system for managing reference counts for objects
14 /// This specific file mainly deals with ``contracting'' multiple lower level
15 /// operations into singular higher level operations through pattern matching.
17 /// WARNING: This file knows about certain library functions. It recognizes them
18 /// by name, and hardwires knowledge of their semantics.
20 /// WARNING: This file knows about how certain Objective-C library functions are
21 /// used. Naive LLVM IR transformations which would otherwise be
22 /// behavior-preserving may break these assumptions.
24 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
26 // TODO: ObjCARCContract could insert PHI nodes when uses aren't
27 // dominated by single calls.
30 #include "ARCRuntimeEntryPoints.h"
31 #include "DependencyAnalysis.h"
32 #include "ProvenanceAnalysis.h"
33 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
34 #include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h"
35 #include "llvm/IR/InlineAsm.h"
36 #include "llvm/IR/Operator.h"
37 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
40 using namespace llvm::objcarc;
42 #define DEBUG_TYPE "objc-arc-contract"
44 STATISTIC(NumPeeps, "Number of calls peephole-optimized");
45 STATISTIC(NumStoreStrongs, "Number objc_storeStrong calls formed");
48 /// \brief Late ARC optimizations
50 /// These change the IR in a way that makes it difficult to be analyzed by
51 /// ObjCARCOpt, so it's run late.
52 class ObjCARCContract : public FunctionPass {
56 ProvenanceAnalysis PA;
57 ARCRuntimeEntryPoints EP;
59 /// A flag indicating whether this optimization pass should run.
62 /// The inline asm string to insert between calls and RetainRV calls to make
63 /// the optimization work on targets which need it.
64 const MDString *RetainRVMarker;
66 /// The set of inserted objc_storeStrong calls. If at the end of walking the
67 /// function we have found no alloca instructions, these calls can be marked
69 SmallPtrSet<CallInst *, 8> StoreStrongCalls;
71 bool OptimizeRetainCall(Function &F, Instruction *Retain);
73 bool ContractAutorelease(Function &F, Instruction *Autorelease,
74 InstructionClass Class,
75 SmallPtrSetImpl<Instruction *>
76 &DependingInstructions,
77 SmallPtrSetImpl<const BasicBlock *>
80 void ContractRelease(Instruction *Release,
83 void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override;
84 bool doInitialization(Module &M) override;
85 bool runOnFunction(Function &F) override;
89 ObjCARCContract() : FunctionPass(ID) {
90 initializeObjCARCContractPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
95 char ObjCARCContract::ID = 0;
96 INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(ObjCARCContract,
97 "objc-arc-contract", "ObjC ARC contraction", false, false)
98 INITIALIZE_AG_DEPENDENCY(AliasAnalysis)
99 INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(DominatorTreeWrapperPass)
100 INITIALIZE_PASS_END(ObjCARCContract,
101 "objc-arc-contract", "ObjC ARC contraction", false, false)
103 Pass *llvm::createObjCARCContractPass() {
104 return new ObjCARCContract();
107 void ObjCARCContract::getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
108 AU.addRequired<AliasAnalysis>();
109 AU.addRequired<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>();
110 AU.setPreservesCFG();
113 /// Turn objc_retain into objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue if the operand is a
114 /// return value. We do this late so we do not disrupt the dataflow analysis in
117 ObjCARCContract::OptimizeRetainCall(Function &F, Instruction *Retain) {
118 ImmutableCallSite CS(GetObjCArg(Retain));
119 const Instruction *Call = CS.getInstruction();
122 if (Call->getParent() != Retain->getParent())
125 // Check that the call is next to the retain.
126 BasicBlock::const_iterator I = Call;
128 while (IsNoopInstruction(I)) ++I;
132 // Turn it to an objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue.
136 DEBUG(dbgs() << "Transforming objc_retain => "
137 "objc_retainAutoreleasedReturnValue since the operand is a "
138 "return value.\nOld: "<< *Retain << "\n");
140 // We do not have to worry about tail calls/does not throw since
141 // retain/retainRV have the same properties.
142 Constant *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPoints::EPT_RetainRV);
143 cast<CallInst>(Retain)->setCalledFunction(Decl);
145 DEBUG(dbgs() << "New: " << *Retain << "\n");
149 /// Merge an autorelease with a retain into a fused call.
151 ObjCARCContract::ContractAutorelease(Function &F, Instruction *Autorelease,
152 InstructionClass Class,
153 SmallPtrSetImpl<Instruction *>
154 &DependingInstructions,
155 SmallPtrSetImpl<const BasicBlock *>
157 const Value *Arg = GetObjCArg(Autorelease);
159 // Check that there are no instructions between the retain and the autorelease
160 // (such as an autorelease_pop) which may change the count.
161 CallInst *Retain = nullptr;
162 if (Class == IC_AutoreleaseRV)
163 FindDependencies(RetainAutoreleaseRVDep, Arg,
164 Autorelease->getParent(), Autorelease,
165 DependingInstructions, Visited, PA);
167 FindDependencies(RetainAutoreleaseDep, Arg,
168 Autorelease->getParent(), Autorelease,
169 DependingInstructions, Visited, PA);
172 if (DependingInstructions.size() != 1) {
173 DependingInstructions.clear();
177 Retain = dyn_cast_or_null<CallInst>(*DependingInstructions.begin());
178 DependingInstructions.clear();
181 GetBasicInstructionClass(Retain) != IC_Retain ||
182 GetObjCArg(Retain) != Arg)
188 DEBUG(dbgs() << "ObjCARCContract::ContractAutorelease: Fusing "
189 "retain/autorelease. Erasing: " << *Autorelease << "\n"
193 Constant *Decl = EP.get(Class == IC_AutoreleaseRV ?
194 ARCRuntimeEntryPoints::EPT_RetainAutoreleaseRV :
195 ARCRuntimeEntryPoints::EPT_RetainAutorelease);
196 Retain->setCalledFunction(Decl);
198 DEBUG(dbgs() << " New Retain: "
201 EraseInstruction(Autorelease);
205 /// Attempt to merge an objc_release with a store, load, and objc_retain to form
206 /// an objc_storeStrong. This can be a little tricky because the instructions
207 /// don't always appear in order, and there may be unrelated intervening
209 void ObjCARCContract::ContractRelease(Instruction *Release,
210 inst_iterator &Iter) {
211 LoadInst *Load = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(GetObjCArg(Release));
212 if (!Load || !Load->isSimple()) return;
214 // For now, require everything to be in one basic block.
215 BasicBlock *BB = Release->getParent();
216 if (Load->getParent() != BB) return;
218 // Walk down to find the store and the release, which may be in either order.
219 BasicBlock::iterator I = Load, End = BB->end();
221 AliasAnalysis::Location Loc = AA->getLocation(Load);
222 StoreInst *Store = nullptr;
223 bool SawRelease = false;
224 for (; !Store || !SawRelease; ++I) {
228 Instruction *Inst = I;
229 if (Inst == Release) {
234 InstructionClass Class = GetBasicInstructionClass(Inst);
236 // Unrelated retains are harmless.
241 // The store is the point where we're going to put the objc_storeStrong,
242 // so make sure there are no uses after it.
243 if (CanUse(Inst, Load, PA, Class))
245 } else if (AA->getModRefInfo(Inst, Loc) & AliasAnalysis::Mod) {
246 // We are moving the load down to the store, so check for anything
247 // else which writes to the memory between the load and the store.
248 Store = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(Inst);
249 if (!Store || !Store->isSimple()) return;
250 if (Store->getPointerOperand() != Loc.Ptr) return;
254 Value *New = StripPointerCastsAndObjCCalls(Store->getValueOperand());
256 // Walk up to find the retain.
258 BasicBlock::iterator Begin = BB->begin();
259 while (I != Begin && GetBasicInstructionClass(I) != IC_Retain)
261 Instruction *Retain = I;
262 if (GetBasicInstructionClass(Retain) != IC_Retain) return;
263 if (GetObjCArg(Retain) != New) return;
268 LLVMContext &C = Release->getContext();
269 Type *I8X = PointerType::getUnqual(Type::getInt8Ty(C));
270 Type *I8XX = PointerType::getUnqual(I8X);
272 Value *Args[] = { Load->getPointerOperand(), New };
273 if (Args[0]->getType() != I8XX)
274 Args[0] = new BitCastInst(Args[0], I8XX, "", Store);
275 if (Args[1]->getType() != I8X)
276 Args[1] = new BitCastInst(Args[1], I8X, "", Store);
277 Constant *Decl = EP.get(ARCRuntimeEntryPoints::EPT_StoreStrong);
278 CallInst *StoreStrong = CallInst::Create(Decl, Args, "", Store);
279 StoreStrong->setDoesNotThrow();
280 StoreStrong->setDebugLoc(Store->getDebugLoc());
282 // We can't set the tail flag yet, because we haven't yet determined
283 // whether there are any escaping allocas. Remember this call, so that
284 // we can set the tail flag once we know it's safe.
285 StoreStrongCalls.insert(StoreStrong);
287 if (&*Iter == Store) ++Iter;
288 Store->eraseFromParent();
289 Release->eraseFromParent();
290 EraseInstruction(Retain);
291 if (Load->use_empty())
292 Load->eraseFromParent();
295 bool ObjCARCContract::doInitialization(Module &M) {
296 // If nothing in the Module uses ARC, don't do anything.
297 Run = ModuleHasARC(M);
303 // Initialize RetainRVMarker.
304 RetainRVMarker = nullptr;
305 if (NamedMDNode *NMD =
306 M.getNamedMetadata("clang.arc.retainAutoreleasedReturnValueMarker"))
307 if (NMD->getNumOperands() == 1) {
308 const MDNode *N = NMD->getOperandAsMDNode(0);
309 if (N->getNumOperands() == 1)
310 if (const MDString *S = dyn_cast<MDString>(N->getOperand(0)))
317 bool ObjCARCContract::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
321 // If nothing in the Module uses ARC, don't do anything.
326 AA = &getAnalysis<AliasAnalysis>();
327 DT = &getAnalysis<DominatorTreeWrapperPass>().getDomTree();
329 PA.setAA(&getAnalysis<AliasAnalysis>());
331 // Track whether it's ok to mark objc_storeStrong calls with the "tail"
332 // keyword. Be conservative if the function has variadic arguments.
333 // It seems that functions which "return twice" are also unsafe for the
334 // "tail" argument, because they are setjmp, which could need to
335 // return to an earlier stack state.
336 bool TailOkForStoreStrongs = !F.isVarArg() &&
337 !F.callsFunctionThatReturnsTwice();
339 // For ObjC library calls which return their argument, replace uses of the
340 // argument with uses of the call return value, if it dominates the use. This
341 // reduces register pressure.
342 SmallPtrSet<Instruction *, 4> DependingInstructions;
343 SmallPtrSet<const BasicBlock *, 4> Visited;
344 for (inst_iterator I = inst_begin(&F), E = inst_end(&F); I != E; ) {
345 Instruction *Inst = &*I++;
347 DEBUG(dbgs() << "ObjCARCContract: Visiting: " << *Inst << "\n");
349 // Only these library routines return their argument. In particular,
350 // objc_retainBlock does not necessarily return its argument.
351 InstructionClass Class = GetBasicInstructionClass(Inst);
353 case IC_FusedRetainAutorelease:
354 case IC_FusedRetainAutoreleaseRV:
357 case IC_AutoreleaseRV:
358 if (ContractAutorelease(F, Inst, Class, DependingInstructions, Visited))
362 // Attempt to convert retains to retainrvs if they are next to function
364 if (!OptimizeRetainCall(F, Inst))
366 // If we succeed in our optimization, fall through.
369 // If we're compiling for a target which needs a special inline-asm
370 // marker to do the retainAutoreleasedReturnValue optimization,
374 BasicBlock::iterator BBI = Inst;
375 BasicBlock *InstParent = Inst->getParent();
377 // Step up to see if the call immediately precedes the RetainRV call.
378 // If it's an invoke, we have to cross a block boundary. And we have
379 // to carefully dodge no-op instructions.
381 if (&*BBI == InstParent->begin()) {
382 BasicBlock *Pred = InstParent->getSinglePredecessor();
384 goto decline_rv_optimization;
385 BBI = Pred->getTerminator();
389 } while (IsNoopInstruction(BBI));
391 if (&*BBI == GetObjCArg(Inst)) {
392 DEBUG(dbgs() << "ObjCARCContract: Adding inline asm marker for "
393 "retainAutoreleasedReturnValue optimization.\n");
396 InlineAsm::get(FunctionType::get(Type::getVoidTy(Inst->getContext()),
398 RetainRVMarker->getString(),
399 /*Constraints=*/"", /*hasSideEffects=*/true);
400 CallInst::Create(IA, "", Inst);
402 decline_rv_optimization:
406 // objc_initWeak(p, null) => *p = null
407 CallInst *CI = cast<CallInst>(Inst);
408 if (IsNullOrUndef(CI->getArgOperand(1))) {
410 ConstantPointerNull::get(cast<PointerType>(CI->getType()));
412 new StoreInst(Null, CI->getArgOperand(0), CI);
414 DEBUG(dbgs() << "OBJCARCContract: Old = " << *CI << "\n"
415 << " New = " << *Null << "\n");
417 CI->replaceAllUsesWith(Null);
418 CI->eraseFromParent();
423 ContractRelease(Inst, I);
426 // Be conservative if the function has any alloca instructions.
427 // Technically we only care about escaping alloca instructions,
428 // but this is sufficient to handle some interesting cases.
429 if (isa<AllocaInst>(Inst))
430 TailOkForStoreStrongs = false;
432 case IC_IntrinsicUser:
433 // Remove calls to @clang.arc.use(...).
434 Inst->eraseFromParent();
440 DEBUG(dbgs() << "ObjCARCContract: Finished List.\n\n");
442 // Don't use GetObjCArg because we don't want to look through bitcasts
443 // and such; to do the replacement, the argument must have type i8*.
444 Value *Arg = cast<CallInst>(Inst)->getArgOperand(0);
446 // If we're compiling bugpointed code, don't get in trouble.
447 if (!isa<Instruction>(Arg) && !isa<Argument>(Arg))
449 // Look through the uses of the pointer.
450 for (Value::use_iterator UI = Arg->use_begin(), UE = Arg->use_end();
452 // Increment UI now, because we may unlink its element.
454 unsigned OperandNo = U.getOperandNo();
456 // If the call's return value dominates a use of the call's argument
457 // value, rewrite the use to use the return value. We check for
458 // reachability here because an unreachable call is considered to
459 // trivially dominate itself, which would lead us to rewriting its
460 // argument in terms of its return value, which would lead to
461 // infinite loops in GetObjCArg.
462 if (DT->isReachableFromEntry(U) && DT->dominates(Inst, U)) {
464 Instruction *Replacement = Inst;
465 Type *UseTy = U.get()->getType();
466 if (PHINode *PHI = dyn_cast<PHINode>(U.getUser())) {
467 // For PHI nodes, insert the bitcast in the predecessor block.
468 unsigned ValNo = PHINode::getIncomingValueNumForOperand(OperandNo);
469 BasicBlock *BB = PHI->getIncomingBlock(ValNo);
470 if (Replacement->getType() != UseTy)
471 Replacement = new BitCastInst(Replacement, UseTy, "",
473 // While we're here, rewrite all edges for this PHI, rather
474 // than just one use at a time, to minimize the number of
476 for (unsigned i = 0, e = PHI->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
477 if (PHI->getIncomingBlock(i) == BB) {
478 // Keep the UI iterator valid.
481 PHINode::getOperandNumForIncomingValue(i)) == &*UI)
483 PHI->setIncomingValue(i, Replacement);
486 if (Replacement->getType() != UseTy)
487 Replacement = new BitCastInst(Replacement, UseTy, "",
488 cast<Instruction>(U.getUser()));
494 // If Arg is a no-op casted pointer, strip one level of casts and iterate.
495 if (const BitCastInst *BI = dyn_cast<BitCastInst>(Arg))
496 Arg = BI->getOperand(0);
497 else if (isa<GEPOperator>(Arg) &&
498 cast<GEPOperator>(Arg)->hasAllZeroIndices())
499 Arg = cast<GEPOperator>(Arg)->getPointerOperand();
500 else if (isa<GlobalAlias>(Arg) &&
501 !cast<GlobalAlias>(Arg)->mayBeOverridden())
502 Arg = cast<GlobalAlias>(Arg)->getAliasee();
508 // If this function has no escaping allocas or suspicious vararg usage,
509 // objc_storeStrong calls can be marked with the "tail" keyword.
510 if (TailOkForStoreStrongs)
511 for (CallInst *CI : StoreStrongCalls)
513 StoreStrongCalls.clear();