1 //===- Reassociate.cpp - Reassociate binary expressions -------------------===//
3 // This pass reassociates commutative expressions in an order that is designed
4 // to promote better constant propogation, GCSE, LICM, PRE...
6 // For example: 4 + (x + 5) -> x + (4 + 5)
8 // Note that this pass works best if left shifts have been promoted to explicit
9 // multiplies before this pass executes.
11 // In the implementation of this algorithm, constants are assigned rank = 0,
12 // function arguments are rank = 1, and other values are assigned ranks
13 // corresponding to the reverse post order traversal of current function
14 // (starting at 2), which effectively gives values in deep loops higher rank
15 // than values not in loops.
17 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
19 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
20 #include "llvm/Function.h"
21 #include "llvm/BasicBlock.h"
22 #include "llvm/iOperators.h"
23 #include "llvm/Type.h"
24 #include "llvm/Pass.h"
25 #include "llvm/Constant.h"
26 #include "llvm/Support/CFG.h"
27 #include "Support/PostOrderIterator.h"
28 #include "Support/StatisticReporter.h"
30 static Statistic<> NumChanged("reassociate\t- Number of insts reassociated");
31 static Statistic<> NumSwapped("reassociate\t- Number of insts with operands swapped");
34 class Reassociate : public FunctionPass {
35 map<BasicBlock*, unsigned> RankMap;
37 const char *getPassName() const {
38 return "Expression Reassociation";
41 bool runOnFunction(Function *F);
43 virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
47 void BuildRankMap(Function *F);
48 unsigned getRank(Value *V);
49 bool ReassociateExpr(BinaryOperator *I);
50 bool ReassociateBB(BasicBlock *BB);
54 Pass *createReassociatePass() { return new Reassociate(); }
56 void Reassociate::BuildRankMap(Function *F) {
58 ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function*> RPOT(F);
59 for (ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function*>::rpo_iterator I = RPOT.begin(),
60 E = RPOT.end(); I != E; ++I)
64 unsigned Reassociate::getRank(Value *V) {
65 if (isa<Argument>(V)) return 1; // Function argument...
66 if (Instruction *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(V)) {
67 // If this is an expression, return the MAX(rank(LHS), rank(RHS)) so that we
68 // can reassociate expressions for code motion! Since we do not recurse for
69 // PHI nodes, we cannot have infinite recursion here, because there cannot
70 // be loops in the value graph (except for PHI nodes).
72 if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::PHINode ||
73 I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Alloca ||
74 I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Malloc || isa<TerminatorInst>(I) ||
76 return RankMap[I->getParent()];
79 for (unsigned i = 0, e = I->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i)
80 Rank = std::max(Rank, getRank(I->getOperand(i)));
85 // Otherwise it's a global or constant, rank 0.
90 // isCommutativeOperator - Return true if the specified instruction is
91 // commutative and associative. If the instruction is not commutative and
92 // associative, we can not reorder its operands!
94 static inline BinaryOperator *isCommutativeOperator(Instruction *I) {
95 // Floating point operations do not commute!
96 if (I->getType()->isFloatingPoint()) return 0;
98 if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add ||
99 I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Mul ||
100 I->getOpcode() == Instruction::And ||
101 I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Or ||
102 I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Xor)
103 return cast<BinaryOperator>(I);
108 bool Reassociate::ReassociateExpr(BinaryOperator *I) {
109 Value *LHS = I->getOperand(0);
110 Value *RHS = I->getOperand(1);
111 unsigned LHSRank = getRank(LHS);
112 unsigned RHSRank = getRank(RHS);
114 bool Changed = false;
116 // Make sure the LHS of the operand always has the greater rank...
117 if (LHSRank < RHSRank) {
120 std::swap(LHSRank, RHSRank);
123 //cerr << "Transposed: " << I << " Result BB: " << I->getParent();
126 // If the LHS is the same operator as the current one is, and if we are the
127 // only expression using it...
129 if (BinaryOperator *LHSI = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(LHS))
130 if (LHSI->getOpcode() == I->getOpcode() && LHSI->use_size() == 1) {
131 // If the rank of our current RHS is less than the rank of the LHS's LHS,
132 // then we reassociate the two instructions...
133 if (RHSRank < getRank(LHSI->getOperand(0))) {
135 if (BinaryOperator *IOp = dyn_cast<BinaryOperator>(LHSI->getOperand(0)))
136 if (IOp->getOpcode() == LHSI->getOpcode())
137 TakeOp = 1; // Hoist out non-tree portion
139 // Convert ((a + 12) + 10) into (a + (12 + 10))
140 I->setOperand(0, LHSI->getOperand(TakeOp));
141 LHSI->setOperand(TakeOp, RHS);
142 I->setOperand(1, LHSI);
145 //cerr << "Reassociated: " << I << " Result BB: " << I->getParent();
147 // Since we modified the RHS instruction, make sure that we recheck it.
148 ReassociateExpr(LHSI);
157 bool Reassociate::ReassociateBB(BasicBlock *BB) {
158 bool Changed = false;
159 for (BasicBlock::iterator BI = BB->begin(); BI != BB->end(); ++BI) {
160 Instruction *Inst = *BI;
162 // If this instruction is a commutative binary operator, and the ranks of
163 // the two operands are sorted incorrectly, fix it now.
165 if (BinaryOperator *I = isCommutativeOperator(Inst)) {
166 // Make sure that this expression is correctly reassociated with respect
167 // to it's used values...
169 Changed |= ReassociateExpr(I);
171 } else if (Inst->getOpcode() == Instruction::Sub &&
172 Inst->getOperand(0) != Constant::getNullValue(Inst->getType())) {
173 // Convert a subtract into an add and a neg instruction... so that sub
174 // instructions can be commuted with other add instructions...
176 Instruction *New = BinaryOperator::create(Instruction::Add,
177 Inst->getOperand(0), Inst,
179 // Everyone now refers to the add instruction...
180 Inst->replaceAllUsesWith(New);
181 Inst->setName(Inst->getOperand(1)->getName()+".neg");
182 New->setOperand(1, Inst); // Except for the add inst itself!
184 BI = BB->getInstList().insert(BI+1, New)-1; // Add to the basic block...
185 Inst->setOperand(0, Constant::getNullValue(Inst->getType()));
194 bool Reassociate::runOnFunction(Function *F) {
195 // Recalculate the rank map for F
198 bool Changed = false;
199 for (Function::iterator FI = F->begin(), FE = F->end(); FI != FE; ++FI)
200 Changed |= ReassociateBB(*FI);
202 // We are done with the rank map...