2 * linux/mm/memory_hotplug.c
7 #include <linux/stddef.h>
9 #include <linux/swap.h>
10 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
11 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
12 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
13 #include <linux/compiler.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
16 #include <linux/writeback.h>
17 #include <linux/slab.h>
18 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
19 #include <linux/cpu.h>
20 #include <linux/memory.h>
21 #include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
22 #include <linux/highmem.h>
23 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
24 #include <linux/ioport.h>
25 #include <linux/delay.h>
26 #include <linux/migrate.h>
27 #include <linux/page-isolation.h>
28 #include <linux/pfn.h>
29 #include <linux/suspend.h>
30 #include <linux/mm_inline.h>
31 #include <linux/firmware-map.h>
33 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
37 DEFINE_MUTEX(mem_hotplug_mutex);
39 void lock_memory_hotplug(void)
41 mutex_lock(&mem_hotplug_mutex);
43 /* for exclusive hibernation if CONFIG_HIBERNATION=y */
47 void unlock_memory_hotplug(void)
49 unlock_system_sleep();
50 mutex_unlock(&mem_hotplug_mutex);
54 /* add this memory to iomem resource */
55 static struct resource *register_memory_resource(u64 start, u64 size)
58 res = kzalloc(sizeof(struct resource), GFP_KERNEL);
61 res->name = "System RAM";
63 res->end = start + size - 1;
64 res->flags = IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_BUSY;
65 if (request_resource(&iomem_resource, res) < 0) {
66 printk("System RAM resource %llx - %llx cannot be added\n",
67 (unsigned long long)res->start, (unsigned long long)res->end);
74 static void release_memory_resource(struct resource *res)
78 release_resource(res);
83 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE
84 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
85 static void get_page_bootmem(unsigned long info, struct page *page,
88 page->lru.next = (struct list_head *) type;
90 set_page_private(page, info);
91 atomic_inc(&page->_count);
94 /* reference to __meminit __free_pages_bootmem is valid
95 * so use __ref to tell modpost not to generate a warning */
96 void __ref put_page_bootmem(struct page *page)
100 type = (unsigned long) page->lru.next;
101 BUG_ON(type < MEMORY_HOTPLUG_MIN_BOOTMEM_TYPE ||
102 type > MEMORY_HOTPLUG_MAX_BOOTMEM_TYPE);
104 if (atomic_dec_return(&page->_count) == 1) {
105 ClearPagePrivate(page);
106 set_page_private(page, 0);
107 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
108 __free_pages_bootmem(page, 0);
113 static void register_page_bootmem_info_section(unsigned long start_pfn)
115 unsigned long *usemap, mapsize, section_nr, i;
116 struct mem_section *ms;
117 struct page *page, *memmap;
119 if (!pfn_valid(start_pfn))
122 section_nr = pfn_to_section_nr(start_pfn);
123 ms = __nr_to_section(section_nr);
125 /* Get section's memmap address */
126 memmap = sparse_decode_mem_map(ms->section_mem_map, section_nr);
129 * Get page for the memmap's phys address
130 * XXX: need more consideration for sparse_vmemmap...
132 page = virt_to_page(memmap);
133 mapsize = sizeof(struct page) * PAGES_PER_SECTION;
134 mapsize = PAGE_ALIGN(mapsize) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
136 /* remember memmap's page */
137 for (i = 0; i < mapsize; i++, page++)
138 get_page_bootmem(section_nr, page, SECTION_INFO);
140 usemap = __nr_to_section(section_nr)->pageblock_flags;
141 page = virt_to_page(usemap);
143 mapsize = PAGE_ALIGN(usemap_size()) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
145 for (i = 0; i < mapsize; i++, page++)
146 get_page_bootmem(section_nr, page, MIX_SECTION_INFO);
150 void register_page_bootmem_info_node(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
152 unsigned long i, pfn, end_pfn, nr_pages;
153 int node = pgdat->node_id;
157 nr_pages = PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct pglist_data)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
158 page = virt_to_page(pgdat);
160 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++)
161 get_page_bootmem(node, page, NODE_INFO);
163 zone = &pgdat->node_zones[0];
164 for (; zone < pgdat->node_zones + MAX_NR_ZONES - 1; zone++) {
165 if (zone->wait_table) {
166 nr_pages = zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
167 * sizeof(wait_queue_head_t);
168 nr_pages = PAGE_ALIGN(nr_pages) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
169 page = virt_to_page(zone->wait_table);
171 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++, page++)
172 get_page_bootmem(node, page, NODE_INFO);
176 pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn;
177 end_pfn = pfn + pgdat->node_spanned_pages;
179 /* register_section info */
180 for (; pfn < end_pfn; pfn += PAGES_PER_SECTION)
181 register_page_bootmem_info_section(pfn);
184 #endif /* !CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP */
186 static void grow_zone_span(struct zone *zone, unsigned long start_pfn,
187 unsigned long end_pfn)
189 unsigned long old_zone_end_pfn;
191 zone_span_writelock(zone);
193 old_zone_end_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
194 if (start_pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
195 zone->zone_start_pfn = start_pfn;
197 zone->spanned_pages = max(old_zone_end_pfn, end_pfn) -
198 zone->zone_start_pfn;
200 zone_span_writeunlock(zone);
203 static void grow_pgdat_span(struct pglist_data *pgdat, unsigned long start_pfn,
204 unsigned long end_pfn)
206 unsigned long old_pgdat_end_pfn =
207 pgdat->node_start_pfn + pgdat->node_spanned_pages;
209 if (start_pfn < pgdat->node_start_pfn)
210 pgdat->node_start_pfn = start_pfn;
212 pgdat->node_spanned_pages = max(old_pgdat_end_pfn, end_pfn) -
213 pgdat->node_start_pfn;
216 static int __meminit __add_zone(struct zone *zone, unsigned long phys_start_pfn)
218 struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
219 int nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION;
220 int nid = pgdat->node_id;
224 zone_type = zone - pgdat->node_zones;
225 if (!zone->wait_table) {
228 ret = init_currently_empty_zone(zone, phys_start_pfn,
229 nr_pages, MEMMAP_HOTPLUG);
233 pgdat_resize_lock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
234 grow_zone_span(zone, phys_start_pfn, phys_start_pfn + nr_pages);
235 grow_pgdat_span(zone->zone_pgdat, phys_start_pfn,
236 phys_start_pfn + nr_pages);
237 pgdat_resize_unlock(zone->zone_pgdat, &flags);
238 memmap_init_zone(nr_pages, nid, zone_type,
239 phys_start_pfn, MEMMAP_HOTPLUG);
243 static int __meminit __add_section(int nid, struct zone *zone,
244 unsigned long phys_start_pfn)
246 int nr_pages = PAGES_PER_SECTION;
249 if (pfn_valid(phys_start_pfn))
252 ret = sparse_add_one_section(zone, phys_start_pfn, nr_pages);
257 ret = __add_zone(zone, phys_start_pfn);
262 return register_new_memory(nid, __pfn_to_section(phys_start_pfn));
265 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
266 static int __remove_section(struct zone *zone, struct mem_section *ms)
269 * XXX: Freeing memmap with vmemmap is not implement yet.
270 * This should be removed later.
275 static int __remove_section(struct zone *zone, struct mem_section *ms)
278 struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
281 if (!valid_section(ms))
284 ret = unregister_memory_section(ms);
288 pgdat_resize_lock(pgdat, &flags);
289 sparse_remove_one_section(zone, ms);
290 pgdat_resize_unlock(pgdat, &flags);
296 * Reasonably generic function for adding memory. It is
297 * expected that archs that support memory hotplug will
298 * call this function after deciding the zone to which to
301 int __ref __add_pages(int nid, struct zone *zone, unsigned long phys_start_pfn,
302 unsigned long nr_pages)
306 int start_sec, end_sec;
307 /* during initialize mem_map, align hot-added range to section */
308 start_sec = pfn_to_section_nr(phys_start_pfn);
309 end_sec = pfn_to_section_nr(phys_start_pfn + nr_pages - 1);
311 for (i = start_sec; i <= end_sec; i++) {
312 err = __add_section(nid, zone, i << PFN_SECTION_SHIFT);
315 * EEXIST is finally dealt with by ioresource collision
316 * check. see add_memory() => register_memory_resource()
317 * Warning will be printed if there is collision.
319 if (err && (err != -EEXIST))
326 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__add_pages);
329 * __remove_pages() - remove sections of pages from a zone
330 * @zone: zone from which pages need to be removed
331 * @phys_start_pfn: starting pageframe (must be aligned to start of a section)
332 * @nr_pages: number of pages to remove (must be multiple of section size)
334 * Generic helper function to remove section mappings and sysfs entries
335 * for the section of the memory we are removing. Caller needs to make
336 * sure that pages are marked reserved and zones are adjust properly by
337 * calling offline_pages().
339 int __remove_pages(struct zone *zone, unsigned long phys_start_pfn,
340 unsigned long nr_pages)
342 unsigned long i, ret = 0;
343 int sections_to_remove;
346 * We can only remove entire sections
348 BUG_ON(phys_start_pfn & ~PAGE_SECTION_MASK);
349 BUG_ON(nr_pages % PAGES_PER_SECTION);
351 sections_to_remove = nr_pages / PAGES_PER_SECTION;
352 for (i = 0; i < sections_to_remove; i++) {
353 unsigned long pfn = phys_start_pfn + i*PAGES_PER_SECTION;
354 release_mem_region(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
355 PAGES_PER_SECTION << PAGE_SHIFT);
356 ret = __remove_section(zone, __pfn_to_section(pfn));
362 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__remove_pages);
364 void online_page(struct page *page)
366 unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);
369 if (pfn >= num_physpages)
370 num_physpages = pfn + 1;
372 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
373 if (PageHighMem(page))
377 #ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
378 max_mapnr = max(page_to_pfn(page), max_mapnr);
381 ClearPageReserved(page);
382 init_page_count(page);
386 static int online_pages_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
390 unsigned long onlined_pages = *(unsigned long *)arg;
392 if (PageReserved(pfn_to_page(start_pfn)))
393 for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
394 page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn + i);
398 *(unsigned long *)arg = onlined_pages;
403 int online_pages(unsigned long pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
405 unsigned long onlined_pages = 0;
407 int need_zonelists_rebuild = 0;
410 struct memory_notify arg;
413 arg.nr_pages = nr_pages;
414 arg.status_change_nid = -1;
416 nid = page_to_nid(pfn_to_page(pfn));
417 if (node_present_pages(nid) == 0)
418 arg.status_change_nid = nid;
420 ret = memory_notify(MEM_GOING_ONLINE, &arg);
421 ret = notifier_to_errno(ret);
423 memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE, &arg);
427 * This doesn't need a lock to do pfn_to_page().
428 * The section can't be removed here because of the
429 * memory_block->state_mutex.
431 zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(pfn));
433 * If this zone is not populated, then it is not in zonelist.
434 * This means the page allocator ignores this zone.
435 * So, zonelist must be updated after online.
437 mutex_lock(&zonelists_mutex);
438 if (!populated_zone(zone))
439 need_zonelists_rebuild = 1;
441 ret = walk_system_ram_range(pfn, nr_pages, &onlined_pages,
444 mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
445 printk(KERN_DEBUG "online_pages %lx at %lx failed\n",
447 memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE, &arg);
451 zone->present_pages += onlined_pages;
452 zone->zone_pgdat->node_present_pages += onlined_pages;
453 if (need_zonelists_rebuild)
454 build_all_zonelists(zone);
456 zone_pcp_update(zone);
458 mutex_unlock(&zonelists_mutex);
459 setup_per_zone_wmarks();
460 calculate_zone_inactive_ratio(zone);
462 kswapd_run(zone_to_nid(zone));
463 node_set_state(zone_to_nid(zone), N_HIGH_MEMORY);
466 vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
468 writeback_set_ratelimit();
471 memory_notify(MEM_ONLINE, &arg);
475 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_SPARSE */
477 /* we are OK calling __meminit stuff here - we have CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
478 static pg_data_t __ref *hotadd_new_pgdat(int nid, u64 start)
480 struct pglist_data *pgdat;
481 unsigned long zones_size[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {0};
482 unsigned long zholes_size[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {0};
483 unsigned long start_pfn = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
485 pgdat = arch_alloc_nodedata(nid);
489 arch_refresh_nodedata(nid, pgdat);
491 /* we can use NODE_DATA(nid) from here */
493 /* init node's zones as empty zones, we don't have any present pages.*/
494 free_area_init_node(nid, zones_size, start_pfn, zholes_size);
499 static void rollback_node_hotadd(int nid, pg_data_t *pgdat)
501 arch_refresh_nodedata(nid, NULL);
502 arch_free_nodedata(pgdat);
508 * called by cpu_up() to online a node without onlined memory.
510 int mem_online_node(int nid)
515 lock_memory_hotplug();
516 pgdat = hotadd_new_pgdat(nid, 0);
521 node_set_online(nid);
522 ret = register_one_node(nid);
526 unlock_memory_hotplug();
530 /* we are OK calling __meminit stuff here - we have CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
531 int __ref add_memory(int nid, u64 start, u64 size)
533 pg_data_t *pgdat = NULL;
535 struct resource *res;
538 lock_memory_hotplug();
540 res = register_memory_resource(start, size);
545 if (!node_online(nid)) {
546 pgdat = hotadd_new_pgdat(nid, start);
553 /* call arch's memory hotadd */
554 ret = arch_add_memory(nid, start, size);
559 /* we online node here. we can't roll back from here. */
560 node_set_online(nid);
563 ret = register_one_node(nid);
565 * If sysfs file of new node can't create, cpu on the node
566 * can't be hot-added. There is no rollback way now.
567 * So, check by BUG_ON() to catch it reluctantly..
572 /* create new memmap entry */
573 firmware_map_add_hotplug(start, start + size, "System RAM");
578 /* rollback pgdat allocation and others */
580 rollback_node_hotadd(nid, pgdat);
582 release_memory_resource(res);
585 unlock_memory_hotplug();
588 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_memory);
590 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
592 * A free page on the buddy free lists (not the per-cpu lists) has PageBuddy
593 * set and the size of the free page is given by page_order(). Using this,
594 * the function determines if the pageblock contains only free pages.
595 * Due to buddy contraints, a free page at least the size of a pageblock will
596 * be located at the start of the pageblock
598 static inline int pageblock_free(struct page *page)
600 return PageBuddy(page) && page_order(page) >= pageblock_order;
603 /* Return the start of the next active pageblock after a given page */
604 static struct page *next_active_pageblock(struct page *page)
606 /* Ensure the starting page is pageblock-aligned */
607 BUG_ON(page_to_pfn(page) & (pageblock_nr_pages - 1));
609 /* If the entire pageblock is free, move to the end of free page */
610 if (pageblock_free(page)) {
612 /* be careful. we don't have locks, page_order can be changed.*/
613 order = page_order(page);
614 if ((order < MAX_ORDER) && (order >= pageblock_order))
615 return page + (1 << order);
618 return page + pageblock_nr_pages;
621 /* Checks if this range of memory is likely to be hot-removable. */
622 int is_mem_section_removable(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages)
624 struct page *page = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
625 struct page *end_page = page + nr_pages;
627 /* Check the starting page of each pageblock within the range */
628 for (; page < end_page; page = next_active_pageblock(page)) {
629 if (!is_pageblock_removable_nolock(page))
634 /* All pageblocks in the memory block are likely to be hot-removable */
639 * Confirm all pages in a range [start, end) is belongs to the same zone.
641 static int test_pages_in_a_zone(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
644 struct zone *zone = NULL;
647 for (pfn = start_pfn;
649 pfn += MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) {
651 /* This is just a CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE check.*/
652 while ((i < MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES) && !pfn_valid_within(pfn + i))
654 if (i == MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)
656 page = pfn_to_page(pfn + i);
657 if (zone && page_zone(page) != zone)
659 zone = page_zone(page);
665 * Scanning pfn is much easier than scanning lru list.
666 * Scan pfn from start to end and Find LRU page.
668 static unsigned long scan_lru_pages(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
672 for (pfn = start; pfn < end; pfn++) {
673 if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
674 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
683 hotremove_migrate_alloc(struct page *page, unsigned long private, int **x)
685 /* This should be improooooved!! */
686 return alloc_page(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE);
689 #define NR_OFFLINE_AT_ONCE_PAGES (256)
691 do_migrate_range(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
695 int move_pages = NR_OFFLINE_AT_ONCE_PAGES;
700 for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn && move_pages > 0; pfn++) {
703 page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
704 if (!page_count(page))
707 * We can skip free pages. And we can only deal with pages on
710 ret = isolate_lru_page(page);
711 if (!ret) { /* Success */
712 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &source);
714 inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_ISOLATED_ANON +
715 page_is_file_cache(page));
718 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
719 printk(KERN_ALERT "removing pfn %lx from LRU failed\n",
723 /* Becasue we don't have big zone->lock. we should
724 check this again here. */
725 if (page_count(page)) {
732 if (!list_empty(&source)) {
734 putback_lru_pages(&source);
737 /* this function returns # of failed pages */
738 ret = migrate_pages(&source, hotremove_migrate_alloc, 0,
741 putback_lru_pages(&source);
748 * remove from free_area[] and mark all as Reserved.
751 offline_isolated_pages_cb(unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages,
754 __offline_isolated_pages(start, start + nr_pages);
759 offline_isolated_pages(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
761 walk_system_ram_range(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn, NULL,
762 offline_isolated_pages_cb);
766 * Check all pages in range, recoreded as memory resource, are isolated.
769 check_pages_isolated_cb(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long nr_pages,
773 long offlined = *(long *)data;
774 ret = test_pages_isolated(start_pfn, start_pfn + nr_pages);
777 *(long *)data += offlined;
782 check_pages_isolated(unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
787 ret = walk_system_ram_range(start_pfn, end_pfn - start_pfn, &offlined,
788 check_pages_isolated_cb);
790 offlined = (long)ret;
794 static int offline_pages(unsigned long start_pfn,
795 unsigned long end_pfn, unsigned long timeout)
797 unsigned long pfn, nr_pages, expire;
799 int ret, drain, retry_max, node;
801 struct memory_notify arg;
803 BUG_ON(start_pfn >= end_pfn);
804 /* at least, alignment against pageblock is necessary */
805 if (!IS_ALIGNED(start_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages))
807 if (!IS_ALIGNED(end_pfn, pageblock_nr_pages))
809 /* This makes hotplug much easier...and readable.
810 we assume this for now. .*/
811 if (!test_pages_in_a_zone(start_pfn, end_pfn))
814 lock_memory_hotplug();
816 zone = page_zone(pfn_to_page(start_pfn));
817 node = zone_to_nid(zone);
818 nr_pages = end_pfn - start_pfn;
820 /* set above range as isolated */
821 ret = start_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn);
825 arg.start_pfn = start_pfn;
826 arg.nr_pages = nr_pages;
827 arg.status_change_nid = -1;
828 if (nr_pages >= node_present_pages(node))
829 arg.status_change_nid = node;
831 ret = memory_notify(MEM_GOING_OFFLINE, &arg);
832 ret = notifier_to_errno(ret);
837 expire = jiffies + timeout;
841 /* start memory hot removal */
843 if (time_after(jiffies, expire))
846 if (signal_pending(current))
855 pfn = scan_lru_pages(start_pfn, end_pfn);
856 if (pfn) { /* We have page on LRU */
857 ret = do_migrate_range(pfn, end_pfn);
863 if (--retry_max == 0)
870 /* drain all zone's lru pagevec, this is asyncronous... */
873 /* drain pcp pages , this is synchrouns. */
876 offlined_pages = check_pages_isolated(start_pfn, end_pfn);
877 if (offlined_pages < 0) {
881 printk(KERN_INFO "Offlined Pages %ld\n", offlined_pages);
882 /* Ok, all of our target is islaoted.
883 We cannot do rollback at this point. */
884 offline_isolated_pages(start_pfn, end_pfn);
885 /* reset pagetype flags and makes migrate type to be MOVABLE */
886 undo_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn);
887 /* removal success */
888 zone->present_pages -= offlined_pages;
889 zone->zone_pgdat->node_present_pages -= offlined_pages;
890 totalram_pages -= offlined_pages;
892 setup_per_zone_wmarks();
893 calculate_zone_inactive_ratio(zone);
894 if (!node_present_pages(node)) {
895 node_clear_state(node, N_HIGH_MEMORY);
899 vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
900 writeback_set_ratelimit();
902 memory_notify(MEM_OFFLINE, &arg);
903 unlock_memory_hotplug();
907 printk(KERN_INFO "memory offlining %lx to %lx failed\n",
909 memory_notify(MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE, &arg);
910 /* pushback to free area */
911 undo_isolate_page_range(start_pfn, end_pfn);
914 unlock_memory_hotplug();
918 int remove_memory(u64 start, u64 size)
920 unsigned long start_pfn, end_pfn;
922 start_pfn = PFN_DOWN(start);
923 end_pfn = start_pfn + PFN_DOWN(size);
924 return offline_pages(start_pfn, end_pfn, 120 * HZ);
927 int remove_memory(u64 start, u64 size)
931 #endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE */
932 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(remove_memory);