3 * Written by Mark Hemment, 1996/97.
4 * (markhe@nextd.demon.co.uk)
6 * kmem_cache_destroy() + some cleanup - 1999 Andrea Arcangeli
8 * Major cleanup, different bufctl logic, per-cpu arrays
9 * (c) 2000 Manfred Spraul
11 * Cleanup, make the head arrays unconditional, preparation for NUMA
12 * (c) 2002 Manfred Spraul
14 * An implementation of the Slab Allocator as described in outline in;
15 * UNIX Internals: The New Frontiers by Uresh Vahalia
16 * Pub: Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13-101908-2
17 * or with a little more detail in;
18 * The Slab Allocator: An Object-Caching Kernel Memory Allocator
19 * Jeff Bonwick (Sun Microsystems).
20 * Presented at: USENIX Summer 1994 Technical Conference
22 * The memory is organized in caches, one cache for each object type.
23 * (e.g. inode_cache, dentry_cache, buffer_head, vm_area_struct)
24 * Each cache consists out of many slabs (they are small (usually one
25 * page long) and always contiguous), and each slab contains multiple
26 * initialized objects.
28 * This means, that your constructor is used only for newly allocated
29 * slabs and you must pass objects with the same initializations to
32 * Each cache can only support one memory type (GFP_DMA, GFP_HIGHMEM,
33 * normal). If you need a special memory type, then must create a new
34 * cache for that memory type.
36 * In order to reduce fragmentation, the slabs are sorted in 3 groups:
37 * full slabs with 0 free objects
39 * empty slabs with no allocated objects
41 * If partial slabs exist, then new allocations come from these slabs,
42 * otherwise from empty slabs or new slabs are allocated.
44 * kmem_cache_destroy() CAN CRASH if you try to allocate from the cache
45 * during kmem_cache_destroy(). The caller must prevent concurrent allocs.
47 * Each cache has a short per-cpu head array, most allocs
48 * and frees go into that array, and if that array overflows, then 1/2
49 * of the entries in the array are given back into the global cache.
50 * The head array is strictly LIFO and should improve the cache hit rates.
51 * On SMP, it additionally reduces the spinlock operations.
53 * The c_cpuarray may not be read with enabled local interrupts -
54 * it's changed with a smp_call_function().
56 * SMP synchronization:
57 * constructors and destructors are called without any locking.
58 * Several members in struct kmem_cache and struct slab never change, they
59 * are accessed without any locking.
60 * The per-cpu arrays are never accessed from the wrong cpu, no locking,
61 * and local interrupts are disabled so slab code is preempt-safe.
62 * The non-constant members are protected with a per-cache irq spinlock.
64 * Many thanks to Mark Hemment, who wrote another per-cpu slab patch
65 * in 2000 - many ideas in the current implementation are derived from
68 * Further notes from the original documentation:
70 * 11 April '97. Started multi-threading - markhe
71 * The global cache-chain is protected by the mutex 'slab_mutex'.
72 * The sem is only needed when accessing/extending the cache-chain, which
73 * can never happen inside an interrupt (kmem_cache_create(),
74 * kmem_cache_shrink() and kmem_cache_reap()).
76 * At present, each engine can be growing a cache. This should be blocked.
78 * 15 March 2005. NUMA slab allocator.
79 * Shai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>.
80 * Shobhit Dayal <shobhit@calsoftinc.com>
81 * Alok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
82 * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
84 * Modified the slab allocator to be node aware on NUMA systems.
85 * Each node has its own list of partial, free and full slabs.
86 * All object allocations for a node occur from node specific slab lists.
89 #include <linux/slab.h>
91 #include <linux/poison.h>
92 #include <linux/swap.h>
93 #include <linux/cache.h>
94 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
95 #include <linux/init.h>
96 #include <linux/compiler.h>
97 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
98 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
99 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
100 #include <linux/notifier.h>
101 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
102 #include <linux/cpu.h>
103 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
104 #include <linux/module.h>
105 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
106 #include <linux/string.h>
107 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
108 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
109 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
110 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
111 #include <linux/mutex.h>
112 #include <linux/fault-inject.h>
113 #include <linux/rtmutex.h>
114 #include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
115 #include <linux/debugobjects.h>
116 #include <linux/kmemcheck.h>
117 #include <linux/memory.h>
118 #include <linux/prefetch.h>
120 #include <net/sock.h>
122 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
123 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
124 #include <asm/page.h>
126 #include <trace/events/kmem.h>
128 #include "internal.h"
133 * DEBUG - 1 for kmem_cache_create() to honour; SLAB_RED_ZONE & SLAB_POISON.
134 * 0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
136 * STATS - 1 to collect stats for /proc/slabinfo.
137 * 0 for faster, smaller code (especially in the critical paths).
139 * FORCED_DEBUG - 1 enables SLAB_RED_ZONE and SLAB_POISON (if possible)
142 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB
145 #define FORCED_DEBUG 1
149 #define FORCED_DEBUG 0
152 /* Shouldn't this be in a header file somewhere? */
153 #define BYTES_PER_WORD sizeof(void *)
154 #define REDZONE_ALIGN max(BYTES_PER_WORD, __alignof__(unsigned long long))
156 #ifndef ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS
157 #define ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN
160 #define FREELIST_BYTE_INDEX (((PAGE_SIZE >> BITS_PER_BYTE) \
161 <= SLAB_OBJ_MIN_SIZE) ? 1 : 0)
163 #if FREELIST_BYTE_INDEX
164 typedef unsigned char freelist_idx_t;
166 typedef unsigned short freelist_idx_t;
169 #define SLAB_OBJ_MAX_NUM ((1 << sizeof(freelist_idx_t) * BITS_PER_BYTE) - 1)
172 * true if a page was allocated from pfmemalloc reserves for network-based
175 static bool pfmemalloc_active __read_mostly;
181 * - LIFO ordering, to hand out cache-warm objects from _alloc
182 * - reduce the number of linked list operations
183 * - reduce spinlock operations
185 * The limit is stored in the per-cpu structure to reduce the data cache
192 unsigned int batchcount;
193 unsigned int touched;
195 * Must have this definition in here for the proper
196 * alignment of array_cache. Also simplifies accessing
199 * Entries should not be directly dereferenced as
200 * entries belonging to slabs marked pfmemalloc will
201 * have the lower bits set SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC
207 struct array_cache ac;
210 #define SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC 1
211 static inline bool is_obj_pfmemalloc(void *objp)
213 return (unsigned long)objp & SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC;
216 static inline void set_obj_pfmemalloc(void **objp)
218 *objp = (void *)((unsigned long)*objp | SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC);
222 static inline void clear_obj_pfmemalloc(void **objp)
224 *objp = (void *)((unsigned long)*objp & ~SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC);
228 * bootstrap: The caches do not work without cpuarrays anymore, but the
229 * cpuarrays are allocated from the generic caches...
231 #define BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES 1
232 struct arraycache_init {
233 struct array_cache cache;
234 void *entries[BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES];
238 * Need this for bootstrapping a per node allocator.
240 #define NUM_INIT_LISTS (2 * MAX_NUMNODES)
241 static struct kmem_cache_node __initdata init_kmem_cache_node[NUM_INIT_LISTS];
242 #define CACHE_CACHE 0
243 #define SIZE_NODE (MAX_NUMNODES)
245 static int drain_freelist(struct kmem_cache *cache,
246 struct kmem_cache_node *n, int tofree);
247 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp, int len,
248 int node, struct list_head *list);
249 static void slabs_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct list_head *list);
250 static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp);
251 static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *unused);
253 static int slab_early_init = 1;
255 #define INDEX_NODE kmalloc_index(sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node))
257 static void kmem_cache_node_init(struct kmem_cache_node *parent)
259 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_full);
260 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_partial);
261 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&parent->slabs_free);
262 parent->shared = NULL;
263 parent->alien = NULL;
264 parent->colour_next = 0;
265 spin_lock_init(&parent->list_lock);
266 parent->free_objects = 0;
267 parent->free_touched = 0;
270 #define MAKE_LIST(cachep, listp, slab, nodeid) \
272 INIT_LIST_HEAD(listp); \
273 list_splice(&get_node(cachep, nodeid)->slab, listp); \
276 #define MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid) \
278 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_full), slabs_full, nodeid); \
279 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_partial), slabs_partial, nodeid); \
280 MAKE_LIST((cachep), (&(ptr)->slabs_free), slabs_free, nodeid); \
283 #define CFLGS_OFF_SLAB (0x80000000UL)
284 #define OFF_SLAB(x) ((x)->flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB)
286 #define BATCHREFILL_LIMIT 16
288 * Optimization question: fewer reaps means less probability for unnessary
289 * cpucache drain/refill cycles.
291 * OTOH the cpuarrays can contain lots of objects,
292 * which could lock up otherwise freeable slabs.
294 #define REAPTIMEOUT_AC (2*HZ)
295 #define REAPTIMEOUT_NODE (4*HZ)
298 #define STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x) ((x)->num_active++)
299 #define STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x) ((x)->num_active--)
300 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x) ((x)->num_allocations++)
301 #define STATS_INC_GROWN(x) ((x)->grown++)
302 #define STATS_ADD_REAPED(x,y) ((x)->reaped += (y))
303 #define STATS_SET_HIGH(x) \
305 if ((x)->num_active > (x)->high_mark) \
306 (x)->high_mark = (x)->num_active; \
308 #define STATS_INC_ERR(x) ((x)->errors++)
309 #define STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x) ((x)->node_allocs++)
310 #define STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x) ((x)->node_frees++)
311 #define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x) ((x)->node_overflow++)
312 #define STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) \
314 if ((x)->max_freeable < i) \
315 (x)->max_freeable = i; \
317 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->allochit)
318 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->allocmiss)
319 #define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->freehit)
320 #define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x) atomic_inc(&(x)->freemiss)
322 #define STATS_INC_ACTIVE(x) do { } while (0)
323 #define STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(x) do { } while (0)
324 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCED(x) do { } while (0)
325 #define STATS_INC_GROWN(x) do { } while (0)
326 #define STATS_ADD_REAPED(x,y) do { (void)(y); } while (0)
327 #define STATS_SET_HIGH(x) do { } while (0)
328 #define STATS_INC_ERR(x) do { } while (0)
329 #define STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(x) do { } while (0)
330 #define STATS_INC_NODEFREES(x) do { } while (0)
331 #define STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(x) do { } while (0)
332 #define STATS_SET_FREEABLE(x, i) do { } while (0)
333 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(x) do { } while (0)
334 #define STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(x) do { } while (0)
335 #define STATS_INC_FREEHIT(x) do { } while (0)
336 #define STATS_INC_FREEMISS(x) do { } while (0)
342 * memory layout of objects:
344 * 0 .. cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD - 1: padding. This ensures that
345 * the end of an object is aligned with the end of the real
346 * allocation. Catches writes behind the end of the allocation.
347 * cachep->obj_offset - BYTES_PER_WORD .. cachep->obj_offset - 1:
349 * cachep->obj_offset: The real object.
350 * cachep->size - 2* BYTES_PER_WORD: redzone word [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
351 * cachep->size - 1* BYTES_PER_WORD: last caller address
352 * [BYTES_PER_WORD long]
354 static int obj_offset(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
356 return cachep->obj_offset;
359 static unsigned long long *dbg_redzone1(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
361 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
362 return (unsigned long long*) (objp + obj_offset(cachep) -
363 sizeof(unsigned long long));
366 static unsigned long long *dbg_redzone2(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
368 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE));
369 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
370 return (unsigned long long *)(objp + cachep->size -
371 sizeof(unsigned long long) -
373 return (unsigned long long *) (objp + cachep->size -
374 sizeof(unsigned long long));
377 static void **dbg_userword(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
379 BUG_ON(!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER));
380 return (void **)(objp + cachep->size - BYTES_PER_WORD);
385 #define obj_offset(x) 0
386 #define dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (unsigned long long *)NULL;})
387 #define dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (unsigned long long *)NULL;})
388 #define dbg_userword(cachep, objp) ({BUG(); (void **)NULL;})
392 #define OBJECT_FREE (0)
393 #define OBJECT_ACTIVE (1)
395 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
397 static void set_obj_status(struct page *page, int idx, int val)
401 struct kmem_cache *cachep = page->slab_cache;
403 freelist_size = cachep->num * sizeof(freelist_idx_t);
404 status = (char *)page->freelist + freelist_size;
408 static inline unsigned int get_obj_status(struct page *page, int idx)
412 struct kmem_cache *cachep = page->slab_cache;
414 freelist_size = cachep->num * sizeof(freelist_idx_t);
415 status = (char *)page->freelist + freelist_size;
421 static inline void set_obj_status(struct page *page, int idx, int val) {}
426 * Do not go above this order unless 0 objects fit into the slab or
427 * overridden on the command line.
429 #define SLAB_MAX_ORDER_HI 1
430 #define SLAB_MAX_ORDER_LO 0
431 static int slab_max_order = SLAB_MAX_ORDER_LO;
432 static bool slab_max_order_set __initdata;
434 static inline struct kmem_cache *virt_to_cache(const void *obj)
436 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(obj);
437 return page->slab_cache;
440 static inline void *index_to_obj(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct page *page,
443 return page->s_mem + cache->size * idx;
447 * We want to avoid an expensive divide : (offset / cache->size)
448 * Using the fact that size is a constant for a particular cache,
449 * we can replace (offset / cache->size) by
450 * reciprocal_divide(offset, cache->reciprocal_buffer_size)
452 static inline unsigned int obj_to_index(const struct kmem_cache *cache,
453 const struct page *page, void *obj)
455 u32 offset = (obj - page->s_mem);
456 return reciprocal_divide(offset, cache->reciprocal_buffer_size);
459 /* internal cache of cache description objs */
460 static struct kmem_cache kmem_cache_boot = {
462 .limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES,
464 .size = sizeof(struct kmem_cache),
465 .name = "kmem_cache",
468 #define BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC 0x01020304ul
470 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work, slab_reap_work);
472 static inline struct array_cache *cpu_cache_get(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
474 return this_cpu_ptr(cachep->cpu_cache);
477 static size_t calculate_freelist_size(int nr_objs, size_t align)
479 size_t freelist_size;
481 freelist_size = nr_objs * sizeof(freelist_idx_t);
482 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK))
483 freelist_size += nr_objs * sizeof(char);
486 freelist_size = ALIGN(freelist_size, align);
488 return freelist_size;
491 static int calculate_nr_objs(size_t slab_size, size_t buffer_size,
492 size_t idx_size, size_t align)
495 size_t remained_size;
496 size_t freelist_size;
499 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK))
500 extra_space = sizeof(char);
502 * Ignore padding for the initial guess. The padding
503 * is at most @align-1 bytes, and @buffer_size is at
504 * least @align. In the worst case, this result will
505 * be one greater than the number of objects that fit
506 * into the memory allocation when taking the padding
509 nr_objs = slab_size / (buffer_size + idx_size + extra_space);
512 * This calculated number will be either the right
513 * amount, or one greater than what we want.
515 remained_size = slab_size - nr_objs * buffer_size;
516 freelist_size = calculate_freelist_size(nr_objs, align);
517 if (remained_size < freelist_size)
524 * Calculate the number of objects and left-over bytes for a given buffer size.
526 static void cache_estimate(unsigned long gfporder, size_t buffer_size,
527 size_t align, int flags, size_t *left_over,
532 size_t slab_size = PAGE_SIZE << gfporder;
535 * The slab management structure can be either off the slab or
536 * on it. For the latter case, the memory allocated for a
539 * - One unsigned int for each object
540 * - Padding to respect alignment of @align
541 * - @buffer_size bytes for each object
543 * If the slab management structure is off the slab, then the
544 * alignment will already be calculated into the size. Because
545 * the slabs are all pages aligned, the objects will be at the
546 * correct alignment when allocated.
548 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
550 nr_objs = slab_size / buffer_size;
553 nr_objs = calculate_nr_objs(slab_size, buffer_size,
554 sizeof(freelist_idx_t), align);
555 mgmt_size = calculate_freelist_size(nr_objs, align);
558 *left_over = slab_size - nr_objs*buffer_size - mgmt_size;
562 #define slab_error(cachep, msg) __slab_error(__func__, cachep, msg)
564 static void __slab_error(const char *function, struct kmem_cache *cachep,
567 printk(KERN_ERR "slab error in %s(): cache `%s': %s\n",
568 function, cachep->name, msg);
570 add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
575 * By default on NUMA we use alien caches to stage the freeing of
576 * objects allocated from other nodes. This causes massive memory
577 * inefficiencies when using fake NUMA setup to split memory into a
578 * large number of small nodes, so it can be disabled on the command
582 static int use_alien_caches __read_mostly = 1;
583 static int __init noaliencache_setup(char *s)
585 use_alien_caches = 0;
588 __setup("noaliencache", noaliencache_setup);
590 static int __init slab_max_order_setup(char *str)
592 get_option(&str, &slab_max_order);
593 slab_max_order = slab_max_order < 0 ? 0 :
594 min(slab_max_order, MAX_ORDER - 1);
595 slab_max_order_set = true;
599 __setup("slab_max_order=", slab_max_order_setup);
603 * Special reaping functions for NUMA systems called from cache_reap().
604 * These take care of doing round robin flushing of alien caches (containing
605 * objects freed on different nodes from which they were allocated) and the
606 * flushing of remote pcps by calling drain_node_pages.
608 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, slab_reap_node);
610 static void init_reap_node(int cpu)
614 node = next_node(cpu_to_mem(cpu), node_online_map);
615 if (node == MAX_NUMNODES)
616 node = first_node(node_online_map);
618 per_cpu(slab_reap_node, cpu) = node;
621 static void next_reap_node(void)
623 int node = __this_cpu_read(slab_reap_node);
625 node = next_node(node, node_online_map);
626 if (unlikely(node >= MAX_NUMNODES))
627 node = first_node(node_online_map);
628 __this_cpu_write(slab_reap_node, node);
632 #define init_reap_node(cpu) do { } while (0)
633 #define next_reap_node(void) do { } while (0)
637 * Initiate the reap timer running on the target CPU. We run at around 1 to 2Hz
638 * via the workqueue/eventd.
639 * Add the CPU number into the expiration time to minimize the possibility of
640 * the CPUs getting into lockstep and contending for the global cache chain
643 static void start_cpu_timer(int cpu)
645 struct delayed_work *reap_work = &per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu);
648 * When this gets called from do_initcalls via cpucache_init(),
649 * init_workqueues() has already run, so keventd will be setup
652 if (keventd_up() && reap_work->work.func == NULL) {
654 INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(reap_work, cache_reap);
655 schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu, reap_work,
656 __round_jiffies_relative(HZ, cpu));
660 static void init_arraycache(struct array_cache *ac, int limit, int batch)
663 * The array_cache structures contain pointers to free object.
664 * However, when such objects are allocated or transferred to another
665 * cache the pointers are not cleared and they could be counted as
666 * valid references during a kmemleak scan. Therefore, kmemleak must
667 * not scan such objects.
669 kmemleak_no_scan(ac);
673 ac->batchcount = batch;
678 static struct array_cache *alloc_arraycache(int node, int entries,
679 int batchcount, gfp_t gfp)
681 size_t memsize = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct array_cache);
682 struct array_cache *ac = NULL;
684 ac = kmalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
685 init_arraycache(ac, entries, batchcount);
689 static inline bool is_slab_pfmemalloc(struct page *page)
691 return PageSlabPfmemalloc(page);
694 /* Clears pfmemalloc_active if no slabs have pfmalloc set */
695 static void recheck_pfmemalloc_active(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
696 struct array_cache *ac)
698 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(cachep, numa_mem_id());
702 if (!pfmemalloc_active)
705 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
706 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_full, lru)
707 if (is_slab_pfmemalloc(page))
710 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_partial, lru)
711 if (is_slab_pfmemalloc(page))
714 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_free, lru)
715 if (is_slab_pfmemalloc(page))
718 pfmemalloc_active = false;
720 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
723 static void *__ac_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac,
724 gfp_t flags, bool force_refill)
727 void *objp = ac->entry[--ac->avail];
729 /* Ensure the caller is allowed to use objects from PFMEMALLOC slab */
730 if (unlikely(is_obj_pfmemalloc(objp))) {
731 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
733 if (gfp_pfmemalloc_allowed(flags)) {
734 clear_obj_pfmemalloc(&objp);
738 /* The caller cannot use PFMEMALLOC objects, find another one */
739 for (i = 0; i < ac->avail; i++) {
740 /* If a !PFMEMALLOC object is found, swap them */
741 if (!is_obj_pfmemalloc(ac->entry[i])) {
743 ac->entry[i] = ac->entry[ac->avail];
744 ac->entry[ac->avail] = objp;
750 * If there are empty slabs on the slabs_free list and we are
751 * being forced to refill the cache, mark this one !pfmemalloc.
753 n = get_node(cachep, numa_mem_id());
754 if (!list_empty(&n->slabs_free) && force_refill) {
755 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
756 ClearPageSlabPfmemalloc(page);
757 clear_obj_pfmemalloc(&objp);
758 recheck_pfmemalloc_active(cachep, ac);
762 /* No !PFMEMALLOC objects available */
770 static inline void *ac_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
771 struct array_cache *ac, gfp_t flags, bool force_refill)
775 if (unlikely(sk_memalloc_socks()))
776 objp = __ac_get_obj(cachep, ac, flags, force_refill);
778 objp = ac->entry[--ac->avail];
783 static noinline void *__ac_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
784 struct array_cache *ac, void *objp)
786 if (unlikely(pfmemalloc_active)) {
787 /* Some pfmemalloc slabs exist, check if this is one */
788 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
789 if (PageSlabPfmemalloc(page))
790 set_obj_pfmemalloc(&objp);
796 static inline void ac_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac,
799 if (unlikely(sk_memalloc_socks()))
800 objp = __ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, objp);
802 ac->entry[ac->avail++] = objp;
806 * Transfer objects in one arraycache to another.
807 * Locking must be handled by the caller.
809 * Return the number of entries transferred.
811 static int transfer_objects(struct array_cache *to,
812 struct array_cache *from, unsigned int max)
814 /* Figure out how many entries to transfer */
815 int nr = min3(from->avail, max, to->limit - to->avail);
820 memcpy(to->entry + to->avail, from->entry + from->avail -nr,
830 #define drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien) do { } while (0)
831 #define reap_alien(cachep, n) do { } while (0)
833 static inline struct alien_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node,
834 int limit, gfp_t gfp)
836 return (struct alien_cache **)BAD_ALIEN_MAGIC;
839 static inline void free_alien_cache(struct alien_cache **ac_ptr)
843 static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
848 static inline void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
854 static inline void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
855 gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
860 #else /* CONFIG_NUMA */
862 static void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t, int);
863 static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *, gfp_t);
865 static struct alien_cache *__alloc_alien_cache(int node, int entries,
866 int batch, gfp_t gfp)
868 size_t memsize = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct alien_cache);
869 struct alien_cache *alc = NULL;
871 alc = kmalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
872 init_arraycache(&alc->ac, entries, batch);
873 spin_lock_init(&alc->lock);
877 static struct alien_cache **alloc_alien_cache(int node, int limit, gfp_t gfp)
879 struct alien_cache **alc_ptr;
880 size_t memsize = sizeof(void *) * nr_node_ids;
885 alc_ptr = kzalloc_node(memsize, gfp, node);
890 if (i == node || !node_online(i))
892 alc_ptr[i] = __alloc_alien_cache(node, limit, 0xbaadf00d, gfp);
894 for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
903 static void free_alien_cache(struct alien_cache **alc_ptr)
914 static void __drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
915 struct array_cache *ac, int node,
916 struct list_head *list)
918 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(cachep, node);
921 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
923 * Stuff objects into the remote nodes shared array first.
924 * That way we could avoid the overhead of putting the objects
925 * into the free lists and getting them back later.
928 transfer_objects(n->shared, ac, ac->limit);
930 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node, list);
932 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
937 * Called from cache_reap() to regularly drain alien caches round robin.
939 static void reap_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_cache_node *n)
941 int node = __this_cpu_read(slab_reap_node);
944 struct alien_cache *alc = n->alien[node];
945 struct array_cache *ac;
949 if (ac->avail && spin_trylock_irq(&alc->lock)) {
952 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, node, &list);
953 spin_unlock_irq(&alc->lock);
954 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
960 static void drain_alien_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
961 struct alien_cache **alien)
964 struct alien_cache *alc;
965 struct array_cache *ac;
968 for_each_online_node(i) {
974 spin_lock_irqsave(&alc->lock, flags);
975 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, i, &list);
976 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&alc->lock, flags);
977 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
982 static int __cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
983 int node, int page_node)
985 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
986 struct alien_cache *alien = NULL;
987 struct array_cache *ac;
990 n = get_node(cachep, node);
991 STATS_INC_NODEFREES(cachep);
992 if (n->alien && n->alien[page_node]) {
993 alien = n->alien[page_node];
995 spin_lock(&alien->lock);
996 if (unlikely(ac->avail == ac->limit)) {
997 STATS_INC_ACOVERFLOW(cachep);
998 __drain_alien_cache(cachep, ac, page_node, &list);
1000 ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, objp);
1001 spin_unlock(&alien->lock);
1002 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
1004 n = get_node(cachep, page_node);
1005 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
1006 free_block(cachep, &objp, 1, page_node, &list);
1007 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
1008 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
1013 static inline int cache_free_alien(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1015 int page_node = page_to_nid(virt_to_page(objp));
1016 int node = numa_mem_id();
1018 * Make sure we are not freeing a object from another node to the array
1019 * cache on this cpu.
1021 if (likely(node == page_node))
1024 return __cache_free_alien(cachep, objp, node, page_node);
1029 * Allocates and initializes node for a node on each slab cache, used for
1030 * either memory or cpu hotplug. If memory is being hot-added, the kmem_cache_node
1031 * will be allocated off-node since memory is not yet online for the new node.
1032 * When hotplugging memory or a cpu, existing node are not replaced if
1035 * Must hold slab_mutex.
1037 static int init_cache_node_node(int node)
1039 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1040 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
1041 const size_t memsize = sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node);
1043 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1045 * Set up the kmem_cache_node for cpu before we can
1046 * begin anything. Make sure some other cpu on this
1047 * node has not already allocated this
1049 n = get_node(cachep, node);
1051 n = kmalloc_node(memsize, GFP_KERNEL, node);
1054 kmem_cache_node_init(n);
1055 n->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_NODE +
1056 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_NODE;
1059 * The kmem_cache_nodes don't come and go as CPUs
1060 * come and go. slab_mutex is sufficient
1063 cachep->node[node] = n;
1066 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1068 (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
1069 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
1070 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1075 static inline int slabs_tofree(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1076 struct kmem_cache_node *n)
1078 return (n->free_objects + cachep->num - 1) / cachep->num;
1081 static void cpuup_canceled(long cpu)
1083 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1084 struct kmem_cache_node *n = NULL;
1085 int node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
1086 const struct cpumask *mask = cpumask_of_node(node);
1088 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1089 struct array_cache *nc;
1090 struct array_cache *shared;
1091 struct alien_cache **alien;
1094 n = get_node(cachep, node);
1098 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1100 /* Free limit for this kmem_cache_node */
1101 n->free_limit -= cachep->batchcount;
1103 /* cpu is dead; no one can alloc from it. */
1104 nc = per_cpu_ptr(cachep->cpu_cache, cpu);
1106 free_block(cachep, nc->entry, nc->avail, node, &list);
1110 if (!cpumask_empty(mask)) {
1111 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1117 free_block(cachep, shared->entry,
1118 shared->avail, node, &list);
1125 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1129 drain_alien_cache(cachep, alien);
1130 free_alien_cache(alien);
1134 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
1137 * In the previous loop, all the objects were freed to
1138 * the respective cache's slabs, now we can go ahead and
1139 * shrink each nodelist to its limit.
1141 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1142 n = get_node(cachep, node);
1145 drain_freelist(cachep, n, slabs_tofree(cachep, n));
1149 static int cpuup_prepare(long cpu)
1151 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1152 struct kmem_cache_node *n = NULL;
1153 int node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
1157 * We need to do this right in the beginning since
1158 * alloc_arraycache's are going to use this list.
1159 * kmalloc_node allows us to add the slab to the right
1160 * kmem_cache_node and not this cpu's kmem_cache_node
1162 err = init_cache_node_node(node);
1167 * Now we can go ahead with allocating the shared arrays and
1170 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1171 struct array_cache *shared = NULL;
1172 struct alien_cache **alien = NULL;
1174 if (cachep->shared) {
1175 shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
1176 cachep->shared * cachep->batchcount,
1177 0xbaadf00d, GFP_KERNEL);
1181 if (use_alien_caches) {
1182 alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit, GFP_KERNEL);
1188 n = get_node(cachep, node);
1191 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1194 * We are serialised from CPU_DEAD or
1195 * CPU_UP_CANCELLED by the cpucontrol lock
1206 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
1208 free_alien_cache(alien);
1213 cpuup_canceled(cpu);
1217 static int cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
1218 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
1220 long cpu = (long)hcpu;
1224 case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
1225 case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
1226 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1227 err = cpuup_prepare(cpu);
1228 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1231 case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
1232 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1234 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
1235 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE:
1236 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN:
1238 * Shutdown cache reaper. Note that the slab_mutex is
1239 * held so that if cache_reap() is invoked it cannot do
1240 * anything expensive but will only modify reap_work
1241 * and reschedule the timer.
1243 cancel_delayed_work_sync(&per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu));
1244 /* Now the cache_reaper is guaranteed to be not running. */
1245 per_cpu(slab_reap_work, cpu).work.func = NULL;
1247 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED:
1248 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN:
1249 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1252 case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
1254 * Even if all the cpus of a node are down, we don't free the
1255 * kmem_cache_node of any cache. This to avoid a race between
1256 * cpu_down, and a kmalloc allocation from another cpu for
1257 * memory from the node of the cpu going down. The node
1258 * structure is usually allocated from kmem_cache_create() and
1259 * gets destroyed at kmem_cache_destroy().
1263 case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
1264 case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
1265 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1266 cpuup_canceled(cpu);
1267 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1270 return notifier_from_errno(err);
1273 static struct notifier_block cpucache_notifier = {
1274 &cpuup_callback, NULL, 0
1277 #if defined(CONFIG_NUMA) && defined(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG)
1279 * Drains freelist for a node on each slab cache, used for memory hot-remove.
1280 * Returns -EBUSY if all objects cannot be drained so that the node is not
1283 * Must hold slab_mutex.
1285 static int __meminit drain_cache_node_node(int node)
1287 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1290 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
1291 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
1293 n = get_node(cachep, node);
1297 drain_freelist(cachep, n, slabs_tofree(cachep, n));
1299 if (!list_empty(&n->slabs_full) ||
1300 !list_empty(&n->slabs_partial)) {
1308 static int __meminit slab_memory_callback(struct notifier_block *self,
1309 unsigned long action, void *arg)
1311 struct memory_notify *mnb = arg;
1315 nid = mnb->status_change_nid;
1320 case MEM_GOING_ONLINE:
1321 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1322 ret = init_cache_node_node(nid);
1323 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1325 case MEM_GOING_OFFLINE:
1326 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1327 ret = drain_cache_node_node(nid);
1328 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1332 case MEM_CANCEL_ONLINE:
1333 case MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE:
1337 return notifier_from_errno(ret);
1339 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA && CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG */
1342 * swap the static kmem_cache_node with kmalloced memory
1344 static void __init init_list(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_cache_node *list,
1347 struct kmem_cache_node *ptr;
1349 ptr = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node), GFP_NOWAIT, nodeid);
1352 memcpy(ptr, list, sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node));
1354 * Do not assume that spinlocks can be initialized via memcpy:
1356 spin_lock_init(&ptr->list_lock);
1358 MAKE_ALL_LISTS(cachep, ptr, nodeid);
1359 cachep->node[nodeid] = ptr;
1363 * For setting up all the kmem_cache_node for cache whose buffer_size is same as
1364 * size of kmem_cache_node.
1366 static void __init set_up_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int index)
1370 for_each_online_node(node) {
1371 cachep->node[node] = &init_kmem_cache_node[index + node];
1372 cachep->node[node]->next_reap = jiffies +
1374 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_NODE;
1379 * Initialisation. Called after the page allocator have been initialised and
1380 * before smp_init().
1382 void __init kmem_cache_init(void)
1386 BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(((struct page *)NULL)->lru) <
1387 sizeof(struct rcu_head));
1388 kmem_cache = &kmem_cache_boot;
1390 if (num_possible_nodes() == 1)
1391 use_alien_caches = 0;
1393 for (i = 0; i < NUM_INIT_LISTS; i++)
1394 kmem_cache_node_init(&init_kmem_cache_node[i]);
1397 * Fragmentation resistance on low memory - only use bigger
1398 * page orders on machines with more than 32MB of memory if
1399 * not overridden on the command line.
1401 if (!slab_max_order_set && totalram_pages > (32 << 20) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
1402 slab_max_order = SLAB_MAX_ORDER_HI;
1404 /* Bootstrap is tricky, because several objects are allocated
1405 * from caches that do not exist yet:
1406 * 1) initialize the kmem_cache cache: it contains the struct
1407 * kmem_cache structures of all caches, except kmem_cache itself:
1408 * kmem_cache is statically allocated.
1409 * Initially an __init data area is used for the head array and the
1410 * kmem_cache_node structures, it's replaced with a kmalloc allocated
1411 * array at the end of the bootstrap.
1412 * 2) Create the first kmalloc cache.
1413 * The struct kmem_cache for the new cache is allocated normally.
1414 * An __init data area is used for the head array.
1415 * 3) Create the remaining kmalloc caches, with minimally sized
1417 * 4) Replace the __init data head arrays for kmem_cache and the first
1418 * kmalloc cache with kmalloc allocated arrays.
1419 * 5) Replace the __init data for kmem_cache_node for kmem_cache and
1420 * the other cache's with kmalloc allocated memory.
1421 * 6) Resize the head arrays of the kmalloc caches to their final sizes.
1424 /* 1) create the kmem_cache */
1427 * struct kmem_cache size depends on nr_node_ids & nr_cpu_ids
1429 create_boot_cache(kmem_cache, "kmem_cache",
1430 offsetof(struct kmem_cache, node) +
1431 nr_node_ids * sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node *),
1432 SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN);
1433 list_add(&kmem_cache->list, &slab_caches);
1434 slab_state = PARTIAL;
1437 * Initialize the caches that provide memory for the kmem_cache_node
1438 * structures first. Without this, further allocations will bug.
1440 kmalloc_caches[INDEX_NODE] = create_kmalloc_cache("kmalloc-node",
1441 kmalloc_size(INDEX_NODE), ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS);
1442 slab_state = PARTIAL_NODE;
1444 slab_early_init = 0;
1446 /* 5) Replace the bootstrap kmem_cache_node */
1450 for_each_online_node(nid) {
1451 init_list(kmem_cache, &init_kmem_cache_node[CACHE_CACHE + nid], nid);
1453 init_list(kmalloc_caches[INDEX_NODE],
1454 &init_kmem_cache_node[SIZE_NODE + nid], nid);
1458 create_kmalloc_caches(ARCH_KMALLOC_FLAGS);
1461 void __init kmem_cache_init_late(void)
1463 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1467 /* 6) resize the head arrays to their final sizes */
1468 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
1469 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list)
1470 if (enable_cpucache(cachep, GFP_NOWAIT))
1472 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
1478 * Register a cpu startup notifier callback that initializes
1479 * cpu_cache_get for all new cpus
1481 register_cpu_notifier(&cpucache_notifier);
1485 * Register a memory hotplug callback that initializes and frees
1488 hotplug_memory_notifier(slab_memory_callback, SLAB_CALLBACK_PRI);
1492 * The reap timers are started later, with a module init call: That part
1493 * of the kernel is not yet operational.
1497 static int __init cpucache_init(void)
1502 * Register the timers that return unneeded pages to the page allocator
1504 for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
1505 start_cpu_timer(cpu);
1511 __initcall(cpucache_init);
1513 static noinline void
1514 slab_out_of_memory(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfpflags, int nodeid)
1517 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
1519 unsigned long flags;
1521 static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(slab_oom_rs, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,
1522 DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);
1524 if ((gfpflags & __GFP_NOWARN) || !__ratelimit(&slab_oom_rs))
1528 "SLAB: Unable to allocate memory on node %d (gfp=0x%x)\n",
1530 printk(KERN_WARNING " cache: %s, object size: %d, order: %d\n",
1531 cachep->name, cachep->size, cachep->gfporder);
1533 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, n) {
1534 unsigned long active_objs = 0, num_objs = 0, free_objects = 0;
1535 unsigned long active_slabs = 0, num_slabs = 0;
1537 spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags);
1538 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_full, lru) {
1539 active_objs += cachep->num;
1542 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_partial, lru) {
1543 active_objs += page->active;
1546 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_free, lru)
1549 free_objects += n->free_objects;
1550 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags);
1552 num_slabs += active_slabs;
1553 num_objs = num_slabs * cachep->num;
1555 " node %d: slabs: %ld/%ld, objs: %ld/%ld, free: %ld\n",
1556 node, active_slabs, num_slabs, active_objs, num_objs,
1563 * Interface to system's page allocator. No need to hold the
1564 * kmem_cache_node ->list_lock.
1566 * If we requested dmaable memory, we will get it. Even if we
1567 * did not request dmaable memory, we might get it, but that
1568 * would be relatively rare and ignorable.
1570 static struct page *kmem_getpages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags,
1576 flags |= cachep->allocflags;
1577 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1578 flags |= __GFP_RECLAIMABLE;
1580 if (memcg_charge_slab(cachep, flags, cachep->gfporder))
1583 page = alloc_pages_exact_node(nodeid, flags | __GFP_NOTRACK, cachep->gfporder);
1585 memcg_uncharge_slab(cachep, cachep->gfporder);
1586 slab_out_of_memory(cachep, flags, nodeid);
1590 /* Record if ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS was set when allocating the slab */
1591 if (unlikely(page->pfmemalloc))
1592 pfmemalloc_active = true;
1594 nr_pages = (1 << cachep->gfporder);
1595 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1596 add_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1597 NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE, nr_pages);
1599 add_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1600 NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE, nr_pages);
1601 __SetPageSlab(page);
1602 if (page->pfmemalloc)
1603 SetPageSlabPfmemalloc(page);
1605 if (kmemcheck_enabled && !(cachep->flags & SLAB_NOTRACK)) {
1606 kmemcheck_alloc_shadow(page, cachep->gfporder, flags, nodeid);
1609 kmemcheck_mark_uninitialized_pages(page, nr_pages);
1611 kmemcheck_mark_unallocated_pages(page, nr_pages);
1618 * Interface to system's page release.
1620 static void kmem_freepages(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct page *page)
1622 const unsigned long nr_freed = (1 << cachep->gfporder);
1624 kmemcheck_free_shadow(page, cachep->gfporder);
1626 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1627 sub_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1628 NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE, nr_freed);
1630 sub_zone_page_state(page_zone(page),
1631 NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE, nr_freed);
1633 BUG_ON(!PageSlab(page));
1634 __ClearPageSlabPfmemalloc(page);
1635 __ClearPageSlab(page);
1636 page_mapcount_reset(page);
1637 page->mapping = NULL;
1639 if (current->reclaim_state)
1640 current->reclaim_state->reclaimed_slab += nr_freed;
1641 __free_pages(page, cachep->gfporder);
1642 memcg_uncharge_slab(cachep, cachep->gfporder);
1645 static void kmem_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
1647 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
1650 page = container_of(head, struct page, rcu_head);
1651 cachep = page->slab_cache;
1653 kmem_freepages(cachep, page);
1658 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1659 static void store_stackinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, unsigned long *addr,
1660 unsigned long caller)
1662 int size = cachep->object_size;
1664 addr = (unsigned long *)&((char *)addr)[obj_offset(cachep)];
1666 if (size < 5 * sizeof(unsigned long))
1669 *addr++ = 0x12345678;
1671 *addr++ = smp_processor_id();
1672 size -= 3 * sizeof(unsigned long);
1674 unsigned long *sptr = &caller;
1675 unsigned long svalue;
1677 while (!kstack_end(sptr)) {
1679 if (kernel_text_address(svalue)) {
1681 size -= sizeof(unsigned long);
1682 if (size <= sizeof(unsigned long))
1688 *addr++ = 0x87654321;
1692 static void poison_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *addr, unsigned char val)
1694 int size = cachep->object_size;
1695 addr = &((char *)addr)[obj_offset(cachep)];
1697 memset(addr, val, size);
1698 *(unsigned char *)(addr + size - 1) = POISON_END;
1701 static void dump_line(char *data, int offset, int limit)
1704 unsigned char error = 0;
1707 printk(KERN_ERR "%03x: ", offset);
1708 for (i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
1709 if (data[offset + i] != POISON_FREE) {
1710 error = data[offset + i];
1714 print_hex_dump(KERN_CONT, "", 0, 16, 1,
1715 &data[offset], limit, 1);
1717 if (bad_count == 1) {
1718 error ^= POISON_FREE;
1719 if (!(error & (error - 1))) {
1720 printk(KERN_ERR "Single bit error detected. Probably "
1723 printk(KERN_ERR "Run memtest86+ or a similar memory "
1726 printk(KERN_ERR "Run a memory test tool.\n");
1735 static void print_objinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp, int lines)
1740 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
1741 printk(KERN_ERR "Redzone: 0x%llx/0x%llx.\n",
1742 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp),
1743 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp));
1746 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {
1747 printk(KERN_ERR "Last user: [<%p>](%pSR)\n",
1748 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp),
1749 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp));
1751 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1752 size = cachep->object_size;
1753 for (i = 0; i < size && lines; i += 16, lines--) {
1756 if (i + limit > size)
1758 dump_line(realobj, i, limit);
1762 static void check_poison_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
1768 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1769 size = cachep->object_size;
1771 for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
1772 char exp = POISON_FREE;
1775 if (realobj[i] != exp) {
1781 "Slab corruption (%s): %s start=%p, len=%d\n",
1782 print_tainted(), cachep->name, realobj, size);
1783 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 0);
1785 /* Hexdump the affected line */
1788 if (i + limit > size)
1790 dump_line(realobj, i, limit);
1793 /* Limit to 5 lines */
1799 /* Print some data about the neighboring objects, if they
1802 struct page *page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
1805 objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, page, objp);
1807 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, page, objnr - 1);
1808 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1809 printk(KERN_ERR "Prev obj: start=%p, len=%d\n",
1811 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 2);
1813 if (objnr + 1 < cachep->num) {
1814 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, page, objnr + 1);
1815 realobj = (char *)objp + obj_offset(cachep);
1816 printk(KERN_ERR "Next obj: start=%p, len=%d\n",
1818 print_objinfo(cachep, objp, 2);
1825 static void slab_destroy_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1829 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
1830 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, page, i);
1832 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
1833 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
1834 if (cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE == 0 &&
1836 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
1837 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 1);
1839 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
1841 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
1844 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
1845 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
1846 slab_error(cachep, "start of a freed object "
1848 if (*dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
1849 slab_error(cachep, "end of a freed object "
1855 static void slab_destroy_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1862 * slab_destroy - destroy and release all objects in a slab
1863 * @cachep: cache pointer being destroyed
1864 * @page: page pointer being destroyed
1866 * Destroy all the objs in a slab page, and release the mem back to the system.
1867 * Before calling the slab page must have been unlinked from the cache. The
1868 * kmem_cache_node ->list_lock is not held/needed.
1870 static void slab_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct page *page)
1874 freelist = page->freelist;
1875 slab_destroy_debugcheck(cachep, page);
1876 if (unlikely(cachep->flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)) {
1877 struct rcu_head *head;
1880 * RCU free overloads the RCU head over the LRU.
1881 * slab_page has been overloeaded over the LRU,
1882 * however it is not used from now on so that
1883 * we can use it safely.
1885 head = (void *)&page->rcu_head;
1886 call_rcu(head, kmem_rcu_free);
1889 kmem_freepages(cachep, page);
1893 * From now on, we don't use freelist
1894 * although actual page can be freed in rcu context
1896 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep))
1897 kmem_cache_free(cachep->freelist_cache, freelist);
1900 static void slabs_destroy(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct list_head *list)
1902 struct page *page, *n;
1904 list_for_each_entry_safe(page, n, list, lru) {
1905 list_del(&page->lru);
1906 slab_destroy(cachep, page);
1911 * calculate_slab_order - calculate size (page order) of slabs
1912 * @cachep: pointer to the cache that is being created
1913 * @size: size of objects to be created in this cache.
1914 * @align: required alignment for the objects.
1915 * @flags: slab allocation flags
1917 * Also calculates the number of objects per slab.
1919 * This could be made much more intelligent. For now, try to avoid using
1920 * high order pages for slabs. When the gfp() functions are more friendly
1921 * towards high-order requests, this should be changed.
1923 static size_t calculate_slab_order(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
1924 size_t size, size_t align, unsigned long flags)
1926 unsigned long offslab_limit;
1927 size_t left_over = 0;
1930 for (gfporder = 0; gfporder <= KMALLOC_MAX_ORDER; gfporder++) {
1934 cache_estimate(gfporder, size, align, flags, &remainder, &num);
1938 /* Can't handle number of objects more than SLAB_OBJ_MAX_NUM */
1939 if (num > SLAB_OBJ_MAX_NUM)
1942 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
1943 size_t freelist_size_per_obj = sizeof(freelist_idx_t);
1945 * Max number of objs-per-slab for caches which
1946 * use off-slab slabs. Needed to avoid a possible
1947 * looping condition in cache_grow().
1949 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK))
1950 freelist_size_per_obj += sizeof(char);
1951 offslab_limit = size;
1952 offslab_limit /= freelist_size_per_obj;
1954 if (num > offslab_limit)
1958 /* Found something acceptable - save it away */
1960 cachep->gfporder = gfporder;
1961 left_over = remainder;
1964 * A VFS-reclaimable slab tends to have most allocations
1965 * as GFP_NOFS and we really don't want to have to be allocating
1966 * higher-order pages when we are unable to shrink dcache.
1968 if (flags & SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT)
1972 * Large number of objects is good, but very large slabs are
1973 * currently bad for the gfp()s.
1975 if (gfporder >= slab_max_order)
1979 * Acceptable internal fragmentation?
1981 if (left_over * 8 <= (PAGE_SIZE << gfporder))
1987 static struct array_cache __percpu *alloc_kmem_cache_cpus(
1988 struct kmem_cache *cachep, int entries, int batchcount)
1992 struct array_cache __percpu *cpu_cache;
1994 size = sizeof(void *) * entries + sizeof(struct array_cache);
1995 cpu_cache = __alloc_percpu(size, sizeof(void *));
2000 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
2001 init_arraycache(per_cpu_ptr(cpu_cache, cpu),
2002 entries, batchcount);
2008 static int __init_refok setup_cpu_cache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
2010 if (slab_state >= FULL)
2011 return enable_cpucache(cachep, gfp);
2013 cachep->cpu_cache = alloc_kmem_cache_cpus(cachep, 1, 1);
2014 if (!cachep->cpu_cache)
2017 if (slab_state == DOWN) {
2018 /* Creation of first cache (kmem_cache). */
2019 set_up_node(kmem_cache, CACHE_CACHE);
2020 } else if (slab_state == PARTIAL) {
2021 /* For kmem_cache_node */
2022 set_up_node(cachep, SIZE_NODE);
2026 for_each_online_node(node) {
2027 cachep->node[node] = kmalloc_node(
2028 sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node), gfp, node);
2029 BUG_ON(!cachep->node[node]);
2030 kmem_cache_node_init(cachep->node[node]);
2034 cachep->node[numa_mem_id()]->next_reap =
2035 jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_NODE +
2036 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_NODE;
2038 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->avail = 0;
2039 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES;
2040 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->batchcount = 1;
2041 cpu_cache_get(cachep)->touched = 0;
2042 cachep->batchcount = 1;
2043 cachep->limit = BOOT_CPUCACHE_ENTRIES;
2047 unsigned long kmem_cache_flags(unsigned long object_size,
2048 unsigned long flags, const char *name,
2049 void (*ctor)(void *))
2055 __kmem_cache_alias(const char *name, size_t size, size_t align,
2056 unsigned long flags, void (*ctor)(void *))
2058 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
2060 cachep = find_mergeable(size, align, flags, name, ctor);
2065 * Adjust the object sizes so that we clear
2066 * the complete object on kzalloc.
2068 cachep->object_size = max_t(int, cachep->object_size, size);
2074 * __kmem_cache_create - Create a cache.
2075 * @cachep: cache management descriptor
2076 * @flags: SLAB flags
2078 * Returns a ptr to the cache on success, NULL on failure.
2079 * Cannot be called within a int, but can be interrupted.
2080 * The @ctor is run when new pages are allocated by the cache.
2084 * %SLAB_POISON - Poison the slab with a known test pattern (a5a5a5a5)
2085 * to catch references to uninitialised memory.
2087 * %SLAB_RED_ZONE - Insert `Red' zones around the allocated memory to check
2088 * for buffer overruns.
2090 * %SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN - Align the objects in this cache to a hardware
2091 * cacheline. This can be beneficial if you're counting cycles as closely
2095 __kmem_cache_create (struct kmem_cache *cachep, unsigned long flags)
2097 size_t left_over, freelist_size;
2098 size_t ralign = BYTES_PER_WORD;
2101 size_t size = cachep->size;
2106 * Enable redzoning and last user accounting, except for caches with
2107 * large objects, if the increased size would increase the object size
2108 * above the next power of two: caches with object sizes just above a
2109 * power of two have a significant amount of internal fragmentation.
2111 if (size < 4096 || fls(size - 1) == fls(size-1 + REDZONE_ALIGN +
2112 2 * sizeof(unsigned long long)))
2113 flags |= SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER;
2114 if (!(flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU))
2115 flags |= SLAB_POISON;
2117 if (flags & SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU)
2118 BUG_ON(flags & SLAB_POISON);
2122 * Check that size is in terms of words. This is needed to avoid
2123 * unaligned accesses for some archs when redzoning is used, and makes
2124 * sure any on-slab bufctl's are also correctly aligned.
2126 if (size & (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1)) {
2127 size += (BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
2128 size &= ~(BYTES_PER_WORD - 1);
2131 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2132 ralign = REDZONE_ALIGN;
2133 /* If redzoning, ensure that the second redzone is suitably
2134 * aligned, by adjusting the object size accordingly. */
2135 size += REDZONE_ALIGN - 1;
2136 size &= ~(REDZONE_ALIGN - 1);
2139 /* 3) caller mandated alignment */
2140 if (ralign < cachep->align) {
2141 ralign = cachep->align;
2143 /* disable debug if necessary */
2144 if (ralign > __alignof__(unsigned long long))
2145 flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);
2149 cachep->align = ralign;
2151 if (slab_is_available())
2159 * Both debugging options require word-alignment which is calculated
2162 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2163 /* add space for red zone words */
2164 cachep->obj_offset += sizeof(unsigned long long);
2165 size += 2 * sizeof(unsigned long long);
2167 if (flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) {
2168 /* user store requires one word storage behind the end of
2169 * the real object. But if the second red zone needs to be
2170 * aligned to 64 bits, we must allow that much space.
2172 if (flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE)
2173 size += REDZONE_ALIGN;
2175 size += BYTES_PER_WORD;
2177 #if FORCED_DEBUG && defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC)
2178 if (size >= kmalloc_size(INDEX_NODE + 1)
2179 && cachep->object_size > cache_line_size()
2180 && ALIGN(size, cachep->align) < PAGE_SIZE) {
2181 cachep->obj_offset += PAGE_SIZE - ALIGN(size, cachep->align);
2188 * Determine if the slab management is 'on' or 'off' slab.
2189 * (bootstrapping cannot cope with offslab caches so don't do
2190 * it too early on. Always use on-slab management when
2191 * SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE to avoid recursive calls into kmemleak)
2193 if ((size >= (PAGE_SIZE >> 5)) && !slab_early_init &&
2194 !(flags & SLAB_NOLEAKTRACE))
2196 * Size is large, assume best to place the slab management obj
2197 * off-slab (should allow better packing of objs).
2199 flags |= CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;
2201 size = ALIGN(size, cachep->align);
2203 * We should restrict the number of objects in a slab to implement
2204 * byte sized index. Refer comment on SLAB_OBJ_MIN_SIZE definition.
2206 if (FREELIST_BYTE_INDEX && size < SLAB_OBJ_MIN_SIZE)
2207 size = ALIGN(SLAB_OBJ_MIN_SIZE, cachep->align);
2209 left_over = calculate_slab_order(cachep, size, cachep->align, flags);
2214 freelist_size = calculate_freelist_size(cachep->num, cachep->align);
2217 * If the slab has been placed off-slab, and we have enough space then
2218 * move it on-slab. This is at the expense of any extra colouring.
2220 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB && left_over >= freelist_size) {
2221 flags &= ~CFLGS_OFF_SLAB;
2222 left_over -= freelist_size;
2225 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
2226 /* really off slab. No need for manual alignment */
2227 freelist_size = calculate_freelist_size(cachep->num, 0);
2229 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_POISONING
2230 /* If we're going to use the generic kernel_map_pages()
2231 * poisoning, then it's going to smash the contents of
2232 * the redzone and userword anyhow, so switch them off.
2234 if (size % PAGE_SIZE == 0 && flags & SLAB_POISON)
2235 flags &= ~(SLAB_RED_ZONE | SLAB_STORE_USER);
2239 cachep->colour_off = cache_line_size();
2240 /* Offset must be a multiple of the alignment. */
2241 if (cachep->colour_off < cachep->align)
2242 cachep->colour_off = cachep->align;
2243 cachep->colour = left_over / cachep->colour_off;
2244 cachep->freelist_size = freelist_size;
2245 cachep->flags = flags;
2246 cachep->allocflags = __GFP_COMP;
2247 if (CONFIG_ZONE_DMA_FLAG && (flags & SLAB_CACHE_DMA))
2248 cachep->allocflags |= GFP_DMA;
2249 cachep->size = size;
2250 cachep->reciprocal_buffer_size = reciprocal_value(size);
2252 if (flags & CFLGS_OFF_SLAB) {
2253 cachep->freelist_cache = kmalloc_slab(freelist_size, 0u);
2255 * This is a possibility for one of the kmalloc_{dma,}_caches.
2256 * But since we go off slab only for object size greater than
2257 * PAGE_SIZE/8, and kmalloc_{dma,}_caches get created
2258 * in ascending order,this should not happen at all.
2259 * But leave a BUG_ON for some lucky dude.
2261 BUG_ON(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep->freelist_cache));
2264 err = setup_cpu_cache(cachep, gfp);
2266 __kmem_cache_shutdown(cachep);
2274 static void check_irq_off(void)
2276 BUG_ON(!irqs_disabled());
2279 static void check_irq_on(void)
2281 BUG_ON(irqs_disabled());
2284 static void check_spinlock_acquired(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2288 assert_spin_locked(&get_node(cachep, numa_mem_id())->list_lock);
2292 static void check_spinlock_acquired_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int node)
2296 assert_spin_locked(&get_node(cachep, node)->list_lock);
2301 #define check_irq_off() do { } while(0)
2302 #define check_irq_on() do { } while(0)
2303 #define check_spinlock_acquired(x) do { } while(0)
2304 #define check_spinlock_acquired_node(x, y) do { } while(0)
2307 static void drain_array(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_cache_node *n,
2308 struct array_cache *ac,
2309 int force, int node);
2311 static void do_drain(void *arg)
2313 struct kmem_cache *cachep = arg;
2314 struct array_cache *ac;
2315 int node = numa_mem_id();
2316 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2320 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2321 n = get_node(cachep, node);
2322 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
2323 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node, &list);
2324 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
2325 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
2329 static void drain_cpu_caches(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2331 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2334 on_each_cpu(do_drain, cachep, 1);
2336 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, n)
2338 drain_alien_cache(cachep, n->alien);
2340 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, n)
2341 drain_array(cachep, n, n->shared, 1, node);
2345 * Remove slabs from the list of free slabs.
2346 * Specify the number of slabs to drain in tofree.
2348 * Returns the actual number of slabs released.
2350 static int drain_freelist(struct kmem_cache *cache,
2351 struct kmem_cache_node *n, int tofree)
2353 struct list_head *p;
2358 while (nr_freed < tofree && !list_empty(&n->slabs_free)) {
2360 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
2361 p = n->slabs_free.prev;
2362 if (p == &n->slabs_free) {
2363 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
2367 page = list_entry(p, struct page, lru);
2369 BUG_ON(page->active);
2371 list_del(&page->lru);
2373 * Safe to drop the lock. The slab is no longer linked
2376 n->free_objects -= cache->num;
2377 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
2378 slab_destroy(cache, page);
2385 int __kmem_cache_shrink(struct kmem_cache *cachep, bool deactivate)
2389 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2391 drain_cpu_caches(cachep);
2394 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, n) {
2395 drain_freelist(cachep, n, slabs_tofree(cachep, n));
2397 ret += !list_empty(&n->slabs_full) ||
2398 !list_empty(&n->slabs_partial);
2400 return (ret ? 1 : 0);
2403 int __kmem_cache_shutdown(struct kmem_cache *cachep)
2406 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2407 int rc = __kmem_cache_shrink(cachep, false);
2412 free_percpu(cachep->cpu_cache);
2414 /* NUMA: free the node structures */
2415 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, i, n) {
2417 free_alien_cache(n->alien);
2419 cachep->node[i] = NULL;
2425 * Get the memory for a slab management obj.
2427 * For a slab cache when the slab descriptor is off-slab, the
2428 * slab descriptor can't come from the same cache which is being created,
2429 * Because if it is the case, that means we defer the creation of
2430 * the kmalloc_{dma,}_cache of size sizeof(slab descriptor) to this point.
2431 * And we eventually call down to __kmem_cache_create(), which
2432 * in turn looks up in the kmalloc_{dma,}_caches for the disired-size one.
2433 * This is a "chicken-and-egg" problem.
2435 * So the off-slab slab descriptor shall come from the kmalloc_{dma,}_caches,
2436 * which are all initialized during kmem_cache_init().
2438 static void *alloc_slabmgmt(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2439 struct page *page, int colour_off,
2440 gfp_t local_flags, int nodeid)
2443 void *addr = page_address(page);
2445 if (OFF_SLAB(cachep)) {
2446 /* Slab management obj is off-slab. */
2447 freelist = kmem_cache_alloc_node(cachep->freelist_cache,
2448 local_flags, nodeid);
2452 freelist = addr + colour_off;
2453 colour_off += cachep->freelist_size;
2456 page->s_mem = addr + colour_off;
2460 static inline freelist_idx_t get_free_obj(struct page *page, unsigned int idx)
2462 return ((freelist_idx_t *)page->freelist)[idx];
2465 static inline void set_free_obj(struct page *page,
2466 unsigned int idx, freelist_idx_t val)
2468 ((freelist_idx_t *)(page->freelist))[idx] = val;
2471 static void cache_init_objs(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2476 for (i = 0; i < cachep->num; i++) {
2477 void *objp = index_to_obj(cachep, page, i);
2479 /* need to poison the objs? */
2480 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2481 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2482 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2483 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = NULL;
2485 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2486 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2487 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2490 * Constructors are not allowed to allocate memory from the same
2491 * cache which they are a constructor for. Otherwise, deadlock.
2492 * They must also be threaded.
2494 if (cachep->ctor && !(cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON))
2495 cachep->ctor(objp + obj_offset(cachep));
2497 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2498 if (*dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2499 slab_error(cachep, "constructor overwrote the"
2500 " end of an object");
2501 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE)
2502 slab_error(cachep, "constructor overwrote the"
2503 " start of an object");
2505 if ((cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE) == 0 &&
2506 OFF_SLAB(cachep) && cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2507 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2508 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 0);
2513 set_obj_status(page, i, OBJECT_FREE);
2514 set_free_obj(page, i, i);
2518 static void kmem_flagcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2520 if (CONFIG_ZONE_DMA_FLAG) {
2521 if (flags & GFP_DMA)
2522 BUG_ON(!(cachep->allocflags & GFP_DMA));
2524 BUG_ON(cachep->allocflags & GFP_DMA);
2528 static void *slab_get_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct page *page,
2533 objp = index_to_obj(cachep, page, get_free_obj(page, page->active));
2536 WARN_ON(page_to_nid(virt_to_page(objp)) != nodeid);
2542 static void slab_put_obj(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct page *page,
2543 void *objp, int nodeid)
2545 unsigned int objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, page, objp);
2549 /* Verify that the slab belongs to the intended node */
2550 WARN_ON(page_to_nid(virt_to_page(objp)) != nodeid);
2552 /* Verify double free bug */
2553 for (i = page->active; i < cachep->num; i++) {
2554 if (get_free_obj(page, i) == objnr) {
2555 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: double free detected in cache "
2556 "'%s', objp %p\n", cachep->name, objp);
2562 set_free_obj(page, page->active, objnr);
2566 * Map pages beginning at addr to the given cache and slab. This is required
2567 * for the slab allocator to be able to lookup the cache and slab of a
2568 * virtual address for kfree, ksize, and slab debugging.
2570 static void slab_map_pages(struct kmem_cache *cache, struct page *page,
2573 page->slab_cache = cache;
2574 page->freelist = freelist;
2578 * Grow (by 1) the number of slabs within a cache. This is called by
2579 * kmem_cache_alloc() when there are no active objs left in a cache.
2581 static int cache_grow(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2582 gfp_t flags, int nodeid, struct page *page)
2587 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2590 * Be lazy and only check for valid flags here, keeping it out of the
2591 * critical path in kmem_cache_alloc().
2593 if (unlikely(flags & GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK)) {
2594 pr_emerg("gfp: %u\n", flags & GFP_SLAB_BUG_MASK);
2597 local_flags = flags & (GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK|GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
2599 /* Take the node list lock to change the colour_next on this node */
2601 n = get_node(cachep, nodeid);
2602 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
2604 /* Get colour for the slab, and cal the next value. */
2605 offset = n->colour_next;
2607 if (n->colour_next >= cachep->colour)
2609 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
2611 offset *= cachep->colour_off;
2613 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2617 * The test for missing atomic flag is performed here, rather than
2618 * the more obvious place, simply to reduce the critical path length
2619 * in kmem_cache_alloc(). If a caller is seriously mis-behaving they
2620 * will eventually be caught here (where it matters).
2622 kmem_flagcheck(cachep, flags);
2625 * Get mem for the objs. Attempt to allocate a physical page from
2629 page = kmem_getpages(cachep, local_flags, nodeid);
2633 /* Get slab management. */
2634 freelist = alloc_slabmgmt(cachep, page, offset,
2635 local_flags & ~GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK, nodeid);
2639 slab_map_pages(cachep, page, freelist);
2641 cache_init_objs(cachep, page);
2643 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2644 local_irq_disable();
2646 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
2648 /* Make slab active. */
2649 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &(n->slabs_free));
2650 STATS_INC_GROWN(cachep);
2651 n->free_objects += cachep->num;
2652 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
2655 kmem_freepages(cachep, page);
2657 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
2658 local_irq_disable();
2665 * Perform extra freeing checks:
2666 * - detect bad pointers.
2667 * - POISON/RED_ZONE checking
2669 static void kfree_debugcheck(const void *objp)
2671 if (!virt_addr_valid(objp)) {
2672 printk(KERN_ERR "kfree_debugcheck: out of range ptr %lxh.\n",
2673 (unsigned long)objp);
2678 static inline void verify_redzone_free(struct kmem_cache *cache, void *obj)
2680 unsigned long long redzone1, redzone2;
2682 redzone1 = *dbg_redzone1(cache, obj);
2683 redzone2 = *dbg_redzone2(cache, obj);
2688 if (redzone1 == RED_ACTIVE && redzone2 == RED_ACTIVE)
2691 if (redzone1 == RED_INACTIVE && redzone2 == RED_INACTIVE)
2692 slab_error(cache, "double free detected");
2694 slab_error(cache, "memory outside object was overwritten");
2696 printk(KERN_ERR "%p: redzone 1:0x%llx, redzone 2:0x%llx.\n",
2697 obj, redzone1, redzone2);
2700 static void *cache_free_debugcheck(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
2701 unsigned long caller)
2706 BUG_ON(virt_to_cache(objp) != cachep);
2708 objp -= obj_offset(cachep);
2709 kfree_debugcheck(objp);
2710 page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
2712 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2713 verify_redzone_free(cachep, objp);
2714 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2715 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_INACTIVE;
2717 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2718 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = (void *)caller;
2720 objnr = obj_to_index(cachep, page, objp);
2722 BUG_ON(objnr >= cachep->num);
2723 BUG_ON(objp != index_to_obj(cachep, page, objnr));
2725 set_obj_status(page, objnr, OBJECT_FREE);
2726 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
2727 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
2728 if ((cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE)==0 && OFF_SLAB(cachep)) {
2729 store_stackinfo(cachep, objp, caller);
2730 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2731 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 0);
2733 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2736 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_FREE);
2743 #define kfree_debugcheck(x) do { } while(0)
2744 #define cache_free_debugcheck(x,objp,z) (objp)
2747 static void *cache_alloc_refill(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags,
2751 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
2752 struct array_cache *ac;
2756 node = numa_mem_id();
2757 if (unlikely(force_refill))
2760 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2761 batchcount = ac->batchcount;
2762 if (!ac->touched && batchcount > BATCHREFILL_LIMIT) {
2764 * If there was little recent activity on this cache, then
2765 * perform only a partial refill. Otherwise we could generate
2768 batchcount = BATCHREFILL_LIMIT;
2770 n = get_node(cachep, node);
2772 BUG_ON(ac->avail > 0 || !n);
2773 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
2775 /* See if we can refill from the shared array */
2776 if (n->shared && transfer_objects(ac, n->shared, batchcount)) {
2777 n->shared->touched = 1;
2781 while (batchcount > 0) {
2782 struct list_head *entry;
2784 /* Get slab alloc is to come from. */
2785 entry = n->slabs_partial.next;
2786 if (entry == &n->slabs_partial) {
2787 n->free_touched = 1;
2788 entry = n->slabs_free.next;
2789 if (entry == &n->slabs_free)
2793 page = list_entry(entry, struct page, lru);
2794 check_spinlock_acquired(cachep);
2797 * The slab was either on partial or free list so
2798 * there must be at least one object available for
2801 BUG_ON(page->active >= cachep->num);
2803 while (page->active < cachep->num && batchcount--) {
2804 STATS_INC_ALLOCED(cachep);
2805 STATS_INC_ACTIVE(cachep);
2806 STATS_SET_HIGH(cachep);
2808 ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, slab_get_obj(cachep, page,
2812 /* move slabp to correct slabp list: */
2813 list_del(&page->lru);
2814 if (page->active == cachep->num)
2815 list_add(&page->lru, &n->slabs_full);
2817 list_add(&page->lru, &n->slabs_partial);
2821 n->free_objects -= ac->avail;
2823 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
2825 if (unlikely(!ac->avail)) {
2828 x = cache_grow(cachep, flags | GFP_THISNODE, node, NULL);
2830 /* cache_grow can reenable interrupts, then ac could change. */
2831 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2832 node = numa_mem_id();
2834 /* no objects in sight? abort */
2835 if (!x && (ac->avail == 0 || force_refill))
2838 if (!ac->avail) /* objects refilled by interrupt? */
2843 return ac_get_obj(cachep, ac, flags, force_refill);
2846 static inline void cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2849 might_sleep_if(flags & __GFP_WAIT);
2851 kmem_flagcheck(cachep, flags);
2856 static void *cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
2857 gfp_t flags, void *objp, unsigned long caller)
2863 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON) {
2864 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
2865 if ((cachep->size % PAGE_SIZE) == 0 && OFF_SLAB(cachep))
2866 kernel_map_pages(virt_to_page(objp),
2867 cachep->size / PAGE_SIZE, 1);
2869 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
2871 check_poison_obj(cachep, objp);
2873 poison_obj(cachep, objp, POISON_INUSE);
2875 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER)
2876 *dbg_userword(cachep, objp) = (void *)caller;
2878 if (cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE) {
2879 if (*dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE ||
2880 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) != RED_INACTIVE) {
2881 slab_error(cachep, "double free, or memory outside"
2882 " object was overwritten");
2884 "%p: redzone 1:0x%llx, redzone 2:0x%llx\n",
2885 objp, *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp),
2886 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp));
2888 *dbg_redzone1(cachep, objp) = RED_ACTIVE;
2889 *dbg_redzone2(cachep, objp) = RED_ACTIVE;
2892 page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
2893 set_obj_status(page, obj_to_index(cachep, page, objp), OBJECT_ACTIVE);
2894 objp += obj_offset(cachep);
2895 if (cachep->ctor && cachep->flags & SLAB_POISON)
2897 if (ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN &&
2898 ((unsigned long)objp & (ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN-1))) {
2899 printk(KERN_ERR "0x%p: not aligned to ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN=%d\n",
2900 objp, (int)ARCH_SLAB_MINALIGN);
2905 #define cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(a,b,objp,d) (objp)
2908 static bool slab_should_failslab(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2910 if (unlikely(cachep == kmem_cache))
2913 return should_failslab(cachep->object_size, flags, cachep->flags);
2916 static inline void *____cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2919 struct array_cache *ac;
2920 bool force_refill = false;
2924 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2925 if (likely(ac->avail)) {
2927 objp = ac_get_obj(cachep, ac, flags, false);
2930 * Allow for the possibility all avail objects are not allowed
2931 * by the current flags
2934 STATS_INC_ALLOCHIT(cachep);
2937 force_refill = true;
2940 STATS_INC_ALLOCMISS(cachep);
2941 objp = cache_alloc_refill(cachep, flags, force_refill);
2943 * the 'ac' may be updated by cache_alloc_refill(),
2944 * and kmemleak_erase() requires its correct value.
2946 ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
2950 * To avoid a false negative, if an object that is in one of the
2951 * per-CPU caches is leaked, we need to make sure kmemleak doesn't
2952 * treat the array pointers as a reference to the object.
2955 kmemleak_erase(&ac->entry[ac->avail]);
2961 * Try allocating on another node if PFA_SPREAD_SLAB is a mempolicy is set.
2963 * If we are in_interrupt, then process context, including cpusets and
2964 * mempolicy, may not apply and should not be used for allocation policy.
2966 static void *alternate_node_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
2968 int nid_alloc, nid_here;
2970 if (in_interrupt() || (flags & __GFP_THISNODE))
2972 nid_alloc = nid_here = numa_mem_id();
2973 if (cpuset_do_slab_mem_spread() && (cachep->flags & SLAB_MEM_SPREAD))
2974 nid_alloc = cpuset_slab_spread_node();
2975 else if (current->mempolicy)
2976 nid_alloc = mempolicy_slab_node();
2977 if (nid_alloc != nid_here)
2978 return ____cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nid_alloc);
2983 * Fallback function if there was no memory available and no objects on a
2984 * certain node and fall back is permitted. First we scan all the
2985 * available node for available objects. If that fails then we
2986 * perform an allocation without specifying a node. This allows the page
2987 * allocator to do its reclaim / fallback magic. We then insert the
2988 * slab into the proper nodelist and then allocate from it.
2990 static void *fallback_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, gfp_t flags)
2992 struct zonelist *zonelist;
2996 enum zone_type high_zoneidx = gfp_zone(flags);
2999 unsigned int cpuset_mems_cookie;
3001 if (flags & __GFP_THISNODE)
3004 local_flags = flags & (GFP_CONSTRAINT_MASK|GFP_RECLAIM_MASK);
3007 cpuset_mems_cookie = read_mems_allowed_begin();
3008 zonelist = node_zonelist(mempolicy_slab_node(), flags);
3012 * Look through allowed nodes for objects available
3013 * from existing per node queues.
3015 for_each_zone_zonelist(zone, z, zonelist, high_zoneidx) {
3016 nid = zone_to_nid(zone);
3018 if (cpuset_zone_allowed(zone, flags) &&
3019 get_node(cache, nid) &&
3020 get_node(cache, nid)->free_objects) {
3021 obj = ____cache_alloc_node(cache,
3022 flags | GFP_THISNODE, nid);
3030 * This allocation will be performed within the constraints
3031 * of the current cpuset / memory policy requirements.
3032 * We may trigger various forms of reclaim on the allowed
3033 * set and go into memory reserves if necessary.
3037 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3039 kmem_flagcheck(cache, flags);
3040 page = kmem_getpages(cache, local_flags, numa_mem_id());
3041 if (local_flags & __GFP_WAIT)
3042 local_irq_disable();
3045 * Insert into the appropriate per node queues
3047 nid = page_to_nid(page);
3048 if (cache_grow(cache, flags, nid, page)) {
3049 obj = ____cache_alloc_node(cache,
3050 flags | GFP_THISNODE, nid);
3053 * Another processor may allocate the
3054 * objects in the slab since we are
3055 * not holding any locks.
3059 /* cache_grow already freed obj */
3065 if (unlikely(!obj && read_mems_allowed_retry(cpuset_mems_cookie)))
3071 * A interface to enable slab creation on nodeid
3073 static void *____cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags,
3076 struct list_head *entry;
3078 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
3082 VM_BUG_ON(nodeid < 0 || nodeid >= MAX_NUMNODES);
3083 n = get_node(cachep, nodeid);
3088 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
3089 entry = n->slabs_partial.next;
3090 if (entry == &n->slabs_partial) {
3091 n->free_touched = 1;
3092 entry = n->slabs_free.next;
3093 if (entry == &n->slabs_free)
3097 page = list_entry(entry, struct page, lru);
3098 check_spinlock_acquired_node(cachep, nodeid);
3100 STATS_INC_NODEALLOCS(cachep);
3101 STATS_INC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3102 STATS_SET_HIGH(cachep);
3104 BUG_ON(page->active == cachep->num);
3106 obj = slab_get_obj(cachep, page, nodeid);
3108 /* move slabp to correct slabp list: */
3109 list_del(&page->lru);
3111 if (page->active == cachep->num)
3112 list_add(&page->lru, &n->slabs_full);
3114 list_add(&page->lru, &n->slabs_partial);
3116 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
3120 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
3121 x = cache_grow(cachep, flags | GFP_THISNODE, nodeid, NULL);
3125 return fallback_alloc(cachep, flags);
3131 static __always_inline void *
3132 slab_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid,
3133 unsigned long caller)
3135 unsigned long save_flags;
3137 int slab_node = numa_mem_id();
3139 flags &= gfp_allowed_mask;
3141 lockdep_trace_alloc(flags);
3143 if (slab_should_failslab(cachep, flags))
3146 cachep = memcg_kmem_get_cache(cachep, flags);
3148 cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(cachep, flags);
3149 local_irq_save(save_flags);
3151 if (nodeid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
3154 if (unlikely(!get_node(cachep, nodeid))) {
3155 /* Node not bootstrapped yet */
3156 ptr = fallback_alloc(cachep, flags);
3160 if (nodeid == slab_node) {
3162 * Use the locally cached objects if possible.
3163 * However ____cache_alloc does not allow fallback
3164 * to other nodes. It may fail while we still have
3165 * objects on other nodes available.
3167 ptr = ____cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3171 /* ___cache_alloc_node can fall back to other nodes */
3172 ptr = ____cache_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid);
3174 local_irq_restore(save_flags);
3175 ptr = cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(cachep, flags, ptr, caller);
3176 kmemleak_alloc_recursive(ptr, cachep->object_size, 1, cachep->flags,
3180 kmemcheck_slab_alloc(cachep, flags, ptr, cachep->object_size);
3181 if (unlikely(flags & __GFP_ZERO))
3182 memset(ptr, 0, cachep->object_size);
3185 memcg_kmem_put_cache(cachep);
3189 static __always_inline void *
3190 __do_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cache, gfp_t flags)
3194 if (current->mempolicy || cpuset_do_slab_mem_spread()) {
3195 objp = alternate_node_alloc(cache, flags);
3199 objp = ____cache_alloc(cache, flags);
3202 * We may just have run out of memory on the local node.
3203 * ____cache_alloc_node() knows how to locate memory on other nodes
3206 objp = ____cache_alloc_node(cache, flags, numa_mem_id());
3213 static __always_inline void *
3214 __do_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3216 return ____cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3219 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
3221 static __always_inline void *
3222 slab_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, unsigned long caller)
3224 unsigned long save_flags;
3227 flags &= gfp_allowed_mask;
3229 lockdep_trace_alloc(flags);
3231 if (slab_should_failslab(cachep, flags))
3234 cachep = memcg_kmem_get_cache(cachep, flags);
3236 cache_alloc_debugcheck_before(cachep, flags);
3237 local_irq_save(save_flags);
3238 objp = __do_cache_alloc(cachep, flags);
3239 local_irq_restore(save_flags);
3240 objp = cache_alloc_debugcheck_after(cachep, flags, objp, caller);
3241 kmemleak_alloc_recursive(objp, cachep->object_size, 1, cachep->flags,
3246 kmemcheck_slab_alloc(cachep, flags, objp, cachep->object_size);
3247 if (unlikely(flags & __GFP_ZERO))
3248 memset(objp, 0, cachep->object_size);
3251 memcg_kmem_put_cache(cachep);
3256 * Caller needs to acquire correct kmem_cache_node's list_lock
3257 * @list: List of detached free slabs should be freed by caller
3259 static void free_block(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void **objpp,
3260 int nr_objects, int node, struct list_head *list)
3263 struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(cachep, node);
3265 for (i = 0; i < nr_objects; i++) {
3269 clear_obj_pfmemalloc(&objpp[i]);
3272 page = virt_to_head_page(objp);
3273 list_del(&page->lru);
3274 check_spinlock_acquired_node(cachep, node);
3275 slab_put_obj(cachep, page, objp, node);
3276 STATS_DEC_ACTIVE(cachep);
3279 /* fixup slab chains */
3280 if (page->active == 0) {
3281 if (n->free_objects > n->free_limit) {
3282 n->free_objects -= cachep->num;
3283 list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
3285 list_add(&page->lru, &n->slabs_free);
3288 /* Unconditionally move a slab to the end of the
3289 * partial list on free - maximum time for the
3290 * other objects to be freed, too.
3292 list_add_tail(&page->lru, &n->slabs_partial);
3297 static void cache_flusharray(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct array_cache *ac)
3300 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
3301 int node = numa_mem_id();
3304 batchcount = ac->batchcount;
3306 BUG_ON(!batchcount || batchcount > ac->avail);
3309 n = get_node(cachep, node);
3310 spin_lock(&n->list_lock);
3312 struct array_cache *shared_array = n->shared;
3313 int max = shared_array->limit - shared_array->avail;
3315 if (batchcount > max)
3317 memcpy(&(shared_array->entry[shared_array->avail]),
3318 ac->entry, sizeof(void *) * batchcount);
3319 shared_array->avail += batchcount;
3324 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, batchcount, node, &list);
3329 struct list_head *p;
3331 p = n->slabs_free.next;
3332 while (p != &(n->slabs_free)) {
3335 page = list_entry(p, struct page, lru);
3336 BUG_ON(page->active);
3341 STATS_SET_FREEABLE(cachep, i);
3344 spin_unlock(&n->list_lock);
3345 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
3346 ac->avail -= batchcount;
3347 memmove(ac->entry, &(ac->entry[batchcount]), sizeof(void *)*ac->avail);
3351 * Release an obj back to its cache. If the obj has a constructed state, it must
3352 * be in this state _before_ it is released. Called with disabled ints.
3354 static inline void __cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp,
3355 unsigned long caller)
3357 struct array_cache *ac = cpu_cache_get(cachep);
3360 kmemleak_free_recursive(objp, cachep->flags);
3361 objp = cache_free_debugcheck(cachep, objp, caller);
3363 kmemcheck_slab_free(cachep, objp, cachep->object_size);
3366 * Skip calling cache_free_alien() when the platform is not numa.
3367 * This will avoid cache misses that happen while accessing slabp (which
3368 * is per page memory reference) to get nodeid. Instead use a global
3369 * variable to skip the call, which is mostly likely to be present in
3372 if (nr_online_nodes > 1 && cache_free_alien(cachep, objp))
3375 if (ac->avail < ac->limit) {
3376 STATS_INC_FREEHIT(cachep);
3378 STATS_INC_FREEMISS(cachep);
3379 cache_flusharray(cachep, ac);
3382 ac_put_obj(cachep, ac, objp);
3386 * kmem_cache_alloc - Allocate an object
3387 * @cachep: The cache to allocate from.
3388 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3390 * Allocate an object from this cache. The flags are only relevant
3391 * if the cache has no available objects.
3393 void *kmem_cache_alloc(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags)
3395 void *ret = slab_alloc(cachep, flags, _RET_IP_);
3397 trace_kmem_cache_alloc(_RET_IP_, ret,
3398 cachep->object_size, cachep->size, flags);
3402 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc);
3404 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
3406 kmem_cache_alloc_trace(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, size_t size)
3410 ret = slab_alloc(cachep, flags, _RET_IP_);
3412 trace_kmalloc(_RET_IP_, ret,
3413 size, cachep->size, flags);
3416 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_trace);
3421 * kmem_cache_alloc_node - Allocate an object on the specified node
3422 * @cachep: The cache to allocate from.
3423 * @flags: See kmalloc().
3424 * @nodeid: node number of the target node.
3426 * Identical to kmem_cache_alloc but it will allocate memory on the given
3427 * node, which can improve the performance for cpu bound structures.
3429 * Fallback to other node is possible if __GFP_THISNODE is not set.
3431 void *kmem_cache_alloc_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t flags, int nodeid)
3433 void *ret = slab_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid, _RET_IP_);
3435 trace_kmem_cache_alloc_node(_RET_IP_, ret,
3436 cachep->object_size, cachep->size,
3441 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_node);
3443 #ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
3444 void *kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(struct kmem_cache *cachep,
3451 ret = slab_alloc_node(cachep, flags, nodeid, _RET_IP_);
3453 trace_kmalloc_node(_RET_IP_, ret,
3458 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace);
3461 static __always_inline void *
3462 __do_kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node, unsigned long caller)
3464 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3466 cachep = kmalloc_slab(size, flags);
3467 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep)))
3469 return kmem_cache_alloc_node_trace(cachep, flags, node, size);
3472 void *__kmalloc_node(size_t size, gfp_t flags, int node)
3474 return __do_kmalloc_node(size, flags, node, _RET_IP_);
3476 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_node);
3478 void *__kmalloc_node_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t flags,
3479 int node, unsigned long caller)
3481 return __do_kmalloc_node(size, flags, node, caller);
3483 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_node_track_caller);
3484 #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */
3487 * __do_kmalloc - allocate memory
3488 * @size: how many bytes of memory are required.
3489 * @flags: the type of memory to allocate (see kmalloc).
3490 * @caller: function caller for debug tracking of the caller
3492 static __always_inline void *__do_kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags,
3493 unsigned long caller)
3495 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
3498 cachep = kmalloc_slab(size, flags);
3499 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(cachep)))
3501 ret = slab_alloc(cachep, flags, caller);
3503 trace_kmalloc(caller, ret,
3504 size, cachep->size, flags);
3509 void *__kmalloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
3511 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, _RET_IP_);
3513 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc);
3515 void *__kmalloc_track_caller(size_t size, gfp_t flags, unsigned long caller)
3517 return __do_kmalloc(size, flags, caller);
3519 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__kmalloc_track_caller);
3522 * kmem_cache_free - Deallocate an object
3523 * @cachep: The cache the allocation was from.
3524 * @objp: The previously allocated object.
3526 * Free an object which was previously allocated from this
3529 void kmem_cache_free(struct kmem_cache *cachep, void *objp)
3531 unsigned long flags;
3532 cachep = cache_from_obj(cachep, objp);
3536 local_irq_save(flags);
3537 debug_check_no_locks_freed(objp, cachep->object_size);
3538 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_DEBUG_OBJECTS))
3539 debug_check_no_obj_freed(objp, cachep->object_size);
3540 __cache_free(cachep, objp, _RET_IP_);
3541 local_irq_restore(flags);
3543 trace_kmem_cache_free(_RET_IP_, objp);
3545 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kmem_cache_free);
3548 * kfree - free previously allocated memory
3549 * @objp: pointer returned by kmalloc.
3551 * If @objp is NULL, no operation is performed.
3553 * Don't free memory not originally allocated by kmalloc()
3554 * or you will run into trouble.
3556 void kfree(const void *objp)
3558 struct kmem_cache *c;
3559 unsigned long flags;
3561 trace_kfree(_RET_IP_, objp);
3563 if (unlikely(ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(objp)))
3565 local_irq_save(flags);
3566 kfree_debugcheck(objp);
3567 c = virt_to_cache(objp);
3568 debug_check_no_locks_freed(objp, c->object_size);
3570 debug_check_no_obj_freed(objp, c->object_size);
3571 __cache_free(c, (void *)objp, _RET_IP_);
3572 local_irq_restore(flags);
3574 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kfree);
3577 * This initializes kmem_cache_node or resizes various caches for all nodes.
3579 static int alloc_kmem_cache_node(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
3582 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
3583 struct array_cache *new_shared;
3584 struct alien_cache **new_alien = NULL;
3586 for_each_online_node(node) {
3588 if (use_alien_caches) {
3589 new_alien = alloc_alien_cache(node, cachep->limit, gfp);
3595 if (cachep->shared) {
3596 new_shared = alloc_arraycache(node,
3597 cachep->shared*cachep->batchcount,
3600 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
3605 n = get_node(cachep, node);
3607 struct array_cache *shared = n->shared;
3610 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3613 free_block(cachep, shared->entry,
3614 shared->avail, node, &list);
3616 n->shared = new_shared;
3618 n->alien = new_alien;
3621 n->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
3622 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
3623 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3624 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
3626 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
3629 n = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct kmem_cache_node), gfp, node);
3631 free_alien_cache(new_alien);
3636 kmem_cache_node_init(n);
3637 n->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_NODE +
3638 ((unsigned long)cachep) % REAPTIMEOUT_NODE;
3639 n->shared = new_shared;
3640 n->alien = new_alien;
3641 n->free_limit = (1 + nr_cpus_node(node)) *
3642 cachep->batchcount + cachep->num;
3643 cachep->node[node] = n;
3648 if (!cachep->list.next) {
3649 /* Cache is not active yet. Roll back what we did */
3652 n = get_node(cachep, node);
3655 free_alien_cache(n->alien);
3657 cachep->node[node] = NULL;
3665 /* Always called with the slab_mutex held */
3666 static int __do_tune_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int limit,
3667 int batchcount, int shared, gfp_t gfp)
3669 struct array_cache __percpu *cpu_cache, *prev;
3672 cpu_cache = alloc_kmem_cache_cpus(cachep, limit, batchcount);
3676 prev = cachep->cpu_cache;
3677 cachep->cpu_cache = cpu_cache;
3678 kick_all_cpus_sync();
3681 cachep->batchcount = batchcount;
3682 cachep->limit = limit;
3683 cachep->shared = shared;
3688 for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
3691 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
3692 struct array_cache *ac = per_cpu_ptr(prev, cpu);
3694 node = cpu_to_mem(cpu);
3695 n = get_node(cachep, node);
3696 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3697 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, ac->avail, node, &list);
3698 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3699 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
3704 return alloc_kmem_cache_node(cachep, gfp);
3707 static int do_tune_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int limit,
3708 int batchcount, int shared, gfp_t gfp)
3711 struct kmem_cache *c;
3713 ret = __do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit, batchcount, shared, gfp);
3715 if (slab_state < FULL)
3718 if ((ret < 0) || !is_root_cache(cachep))
3721 lockdep_assert_held(&slab_mutex);
3722 for_each_memcg_cache(c, cachep) {
3723 /* return value determined by the root cache only */
3724 __do_tune_cpucache(c, limit, batchcount, shared, gfp);
3730 /* Called with slab_mutex held always */
3731 static int enable_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, gfp_t gfp)
3738 if (!is_root_cache(cachep)) {
3739 struct kmem_cache *root = memcg_root_cache(cachep);
3740 limit = root->limit;
3741 shared = root->shared;
3742 batchcount = root->batchcount;
3745 if (limit && shared && batchcount)
3748 * The head array serves three purposes:
3749 * - create a LIFO ordering, i.e. return objects that are cache-warm
3750 * - reduce the number of spinlock operations.
3751 * - reduce the number of linked list operations on the slab and
3752 * bufctl chains: array operations are cheaper.
3753 * The numbers are guessed, we should auto-tune as described by
3756 if (cachep->size > 131072)
3758 else if (cachep->size > PAGE_SIZE)
3760 else if (cachep->size > 1024)
3762 else if (cachep->size > 256)
3768 * CPU bound tasks (e.g. network routing) can exhibit cpu bound
3769 * allocation behaviour: Most allocs on one cpu, most free operations
3770 * on another cpu. For these cases, an efficient object passing between
3771 * cpus is necessary. This is provided by a shared array. The array
3772 * replaces Bonwick's magazine layer.
3773 * On uniprocessor, it's functionally equivalent (but less efficient)
3774 * to a larger limit. Thus disabled by default.
3777 if (cachep->size <= PAGE_SIZE && num_possible_cpus() > 1)
3782 * With debugging enabled, large batchcount lead to excessively long
3783 * periods with disabled local interrupts. Limit the batchcount
3788 batchcount = (limit + 1) / 2;
3790 err = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit, batchcount, shared, gfp);
3792 printk(KERN_ERR "enable_cpucache failed for %s, error %d.\n",
3793 cachep->name, -err);
3798 * Drain an array if it contains any elements taking the node lock only if
3799 * necessary. Note that the node listlock also protects the array_cache
3800 * if drain_array() is used on the shared array.
3802 static void drain_array(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct kmem_cache_node *n,
3803 struct array_cache *ac, int force, int node)
3808 if (!ac || !ac->avail)
3810 if (ac->touched && !force) {
3813 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3815 tofree = force ? ac->avail : (ac->limit + 4) / 5;
3816 if (tofree > ac->avail)
3817 tofree = (ac->avail + 1) / 2;
3818 free_block(cachep, ac->entry, tofree, node, &list);
3819 ac->avail -= tofree;
3820 memmove(ac->entry, &(ac->entry[tofree]),
3821 sizeof(void *) * ac->avail);
3823 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3824 slabs_destroy(cachep, &list);
3829 * cache_reap - Reclaim memory from caches.
3830 * @w: work descriptor
3832 * Called from workqueue/eventd every few seconds.
3834 * - clear the per-cpu caches for this CPU.
3835 * - return freeable pages to the main free memory pool.
3837 * If we cannot acquire the cache chain mutex then just give up - we'll try
3838 * again on the next iteration.
3840 static void cache_reap(struct work_struct *w)
3842 struct kmem_cache *searchp;
3843 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
3844 int node = numa_mem_id();
3845 struct delayed_work *work = to_delayed_work(w);
3847 if (!mutex_trylock(&slab_mutex))
3848 /* Give up. Setup the next iteration. */
3851 list_for_each_entry(searchp, &slab_caches, list) {
3855 * We only take the node lock if absolutely necessary and we
3856 * have established with reasonable certainty that
3857 * we can do some work if the lock was obtained.
3859 n = get_node(searchp, node);
3861 reap_alien(searchp, n);
3863 drain_array(searchp, n, cpu_cache_get(searchp), 0, node);
3866 * These are racy checks but it does not matter
3867 * if we skip one check or scan twice.
3869 if (time_after(n->next_reap, jiffies))
3872 n->next_reap = jiffies + REAPTIMEOUT_NODE;
3874 drain_array(searchp, n, n->shared, 0, node);
3876 if (n->free_touched)
3877 n->free_touched = 0;
3881 freed = drain_freelist(searchp, n, (n->free_limit +
3882 5 * searchp->num - 1) / (5 * searchp->num));
3883 STATS_ADD_REAPED(searchp, freed);
3889 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
3892 /* Set up the next iteration */
3893 schedule_delayed_work(work, round_jiffies_relative(REAPTIMEOUT_AC));
3896 #ifdef CONFIG_SLABINFO
3897 void get_slabinfo(struct kmem_cache *cachep, struct slabinfo *sinfo)
3900 unsigned long active_objs;
3901 unsigned long num_objs;
3902 unsigned long active_slabs = 0;
3903 unsigned long num_slabs, free_objects = 0, shared_avail = 0;
3907 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
3911 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, n) {
3914 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3916 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_full, lru) {
3917 if (page->active != cachep->num && !error)
3918 error = "slabs_full accounting error";
3919 active_objs += cachep->num;
3922 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_partial, lru) {
3923 if (page->active == cachep->num && !error)
3924 error = "slabs_partial accounting error";
3925 if (!page->active && !error)
3926 error = "slabs_partial accounting error";
3927 active_objs += page->active;
3930 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_free, lru) {
3931 if (page->active && !error)
3932 error = "slabs_free accounting error";
3935 free_objects += n->free_objects;
3937 shared_avail += n->shared->avail;
3939 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
3941 num_slabs += active_slabs;
3942 num_objs = num_slabs * cachep->num;
3943 if (num_objs - active_objs != free_objects && !error)
3944 error = "free_objects accounting error";
3946 name = cachep->name;
3948 printk(KERN_ERR "slab: cache %s error: %s\n", name, error);
3950 sinfo->active_objs = active_objs;
3951 sinfo->num_objs = num_objs;
3952 sinfo->active_slabs = active_slabs;
3953 sinfo->num_slabs = num_slabs;
3954 sinfo->shared_avail = shared_avail;
3955 sinfo->limit = cachep->limit;
3956 sinfo->batchcount = cachep->batchcount;
3957 sinfo->shared = cachep->shared;
3958 sinfo->objects_per_slab = cachep->num;
3959 sinfo->cache_order = cachep->gfporder;
3962 void slabinfo_show_stats(struct seq_file *m, struct kmem_cache *cachep)
3966 unsigned long high = cachep->high_mark;
3967 unsigned long allocs = cachep->num_allocations;
3968 unsigned long grown = cachep->grown;
3969 unsigned long reaped = cachep->reaped;
3970 unsigned long errors = cachep->errors;
3971 unsigned long max_freeable = cachep->max_freeable;
3972 unsigned long node_allocs = cachep->node_allocs;
3973 unsigned long node_frees = cachep->node_frees;
3974 unsigned long overflows = cachep->node_overflow;
3976 seq_printf(m, " : globalstat %7lu %6lu %5lu %4lu "
3977 "%4lu %4lu %4lu %4lu %4lu",
3978 allocs, high, grown,
3979 reaped, errors, max_freeable, node_allocs,
3980 node_frees, overflows);
3984 unsigned long allochit = atomic_read(&cachep->allochit);
3985 unsigned long allocmiss = atomic_read(&cachep->allocmiss);
3986 unsigned long freehit = atomic_read(&cachep->freehit);
3987 unsigned long freemiss = atomic_read(&cachep->freemiss);
3989 seq_printf(m, " : cpustat %6lu %6lu %6lu %6lu",
3990 allochit, allocmiss, freehit, freemiss);
3995 #define MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE 128
3997 * slabinfo_write - Tuning for the slab allocator
3999 * @buffer: user buffer
4000 * @count: data length
4003 ssize_t slabinfo_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
4004 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
4006 char kbuf[MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE + 1], *tmp;
4007 int limit, batchcount, shared, res;
4008 struct kmem_cache *cachep;
4010 if (count > MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE)
4012 if (copy_from_user(&kbuf, buffer, count))
4014 kbuf[MAX_SLABINFO_WRITE] = '\0';
4016 tmp = strchr(kbuf, ' ');
4021 if (sscanf(tmp, " %d %d %d", &limit, &batchcount, &shared) != 3)
4024 /* Find the cache in the chain of caches. */
4025 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4027 list_for_each_entry(cachep, &slab_caches, list) {
4028 if (!strcmp(cachep->name, kbuf)) {
4029 if (limit < 1 || batchcount < 1 ||
4030 batchcount > limit || shared < 0) {
4033 res = do_tune_cpucache(cachep, limit,
4040 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
4046 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
4048 static inline int add_caller(unsigned long *n, unsigned long v)
4058 unsigned long *q = p + 2 * i;
4072 memmove(p + 2, p, n[1] * 2 * sizeof(unsigned long) - ((void *)p - (void *)n));
4078 static void handle_slab(unsigned long *n, struct kmem_cache *c,
4086 for (i = 0, p = page->s_mem; i < c->num; i++, p += c->size) {
4087 if (get_obj_status(page, i) != OBJECT_ACTIVE)
4090 if (!add_caller(n, (unsigned long)*dbg_userword(c, p)))
4095 static void show_symbol(struct seq_file *m, unsigned long address)
4097 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
4098 unsigned long offset, size;
4099 char modname[MODULE_NAME_LEN], name[KSYM_NAME_LEN];
4101 if (lookup_symbol_attrs(address, &size, &offset, modname, name) == 0) {
4102 seq_printf(m, "%s+%#lx/%#lx", name, offset, size);
4104 seq_printf(m, " [%s]", modname);
4108 seq_printf(m, "%p", (void *)address);
4111 static int leaks_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
4113 struct kmem_cache *cachep = list_entry(p, struct kmem_cache, list);
4115 struct kmem_cache_node *n;
4117 unsigned long *x = m->private;
4121 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER))
4123 if (!(cachep->flags & SLAB_RED_ZONE))
4126 /* OK, we can do it */
4130 for_each_kmem_cache_node(cachep, node, n) {
4133 spin_lock_irq(&n->list_lock);
4135 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_full, lru)
4136 handle_slab(x, cachep, page);
4137 list_for_each_entry(page, &n->slabs_partial, lru)
4138 handle_slab(x, cachep, page);
4139 spin_unlock_irq(&n->list_lock);
4141 name = cachep->name;
4143 /* Increase the buffer size */
4144 mutex_unlock(&slab_mutex);
4145 m->private = kzalloc(x[0] * 4 * sizeof(unsigned long), GFP_KERNEL);
4147 /* Too bad, we are really out */
4149 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4152 *(unsigned long *)m->private = x[0] * 2;
4154 mutex_lock(&slab_mutex);
4155 /* Now make sure this entry will be retried */
4159 for (i = 0; i < x[1]; i++) {
4160 seq_printf(m, "%s: %lu ", name, x[2*i+3]);
4161 show_symbol(m, x[2*i+2]);
4168 static const struct seq_operations slabstats_op = {
4169 .start = slab_start,
4175 static int slabstats_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
4179 n = __seq_open_private(file, &slabstats_op, PAGE_SIZE);
4183 *n = PAGE_SIZE / (2 * sizeof(unsigned long));
4188 static const struct file_operations proc_slabstats_operations = {
4189 .open = slabstats_open,
4191 .llseek = seq_lseek,
4192 .release = seq_release_private,
4196 static int __init slab_proc_init(void)
4198 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK
4199 proc_create("slab_allocators", 0, NULL, &proc_slabstats_operations);
4203 module_init(slab_proc_init);
4207 * ksize - get the actual amount of memory allocated for a given object
4208 * @objp: Pointer to the object
4210 * kmalloc may internally round up allocations and return more memory
4211 * than requested. ksize() can be used to determine the actual amount of
4212 * memory allocated. The caller may use this additional memory, even though
4213 * a smaller amount of memory was initially specified with the kmalloc call.
4214 * The caller must guarantee that objp points to a valid object previously
4215 * allocated with either kmalloc() or kmem_cache_alloc(). The object
4216 * must not be freed during the duration of the call.
4218 size_t ksize(const void *objp)
4221 if (unlikely(objp == ZERO_SIZE_PTR))
4224 return virt_to_cache(objp)->object_size;
4226 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ksize);