10 #include "nodestack.h"
12 #include "snapshot-interface.h"
15 #include "threads-model.h"
17 #include "traceanalysis.h"
18 #include "execution.h"
19 #include "bugmessage.h"
23 /** @brief Constructor */
24 ModelChecker::ModelChecker(struct model_params params) :
25 /* Initialize default scheduler */
29 scheduler(new Scheduler()),
30 node_stack(new NodeStack()),
31 execution(new ModelExecution(this, &this->params, scheduler, node_stack)), // L: Model thread is created inside
34 earliest_diverge(NULL),
38 memset(&stats,0,sizeof(struct execution_stats));
41 /** @brief Destructor */
42 ModelChecker::~ModelChecker()
49 * Restores user program to initial state and resets all model-checker data
52 void ModelChecker::reset_to_initial_state()
54 DEBUG("+++ Resetting to initial state +++\n");
55 node_stack->reset_execution();
58 * FIXME: if we utilize partial rollback, we will need to free only
59 * those pending actions which were NOT pending before the rollback
62 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++)
63 delete get_thread(int_to_id(i))->get_pending();
65 snapshot_backtrack_before(0);
68 /** @return the number of user threads created during this execution */
69 unsigned int ModelChecker::get_num_threads() const
71 return execution->get_num_threads();
75 * Must be called from user-thread context (e.g., through the global
76 * thread_current() interface)
78 * @return The currently executing Thread.
80 Thread * ModelChecker::get_current_thread() const
82 return scheduler->get_current_thread();
86 * @brief Choose the next thread to execute.
88 * This function chooses the next thread that should execute. It can enforce
89 * execution replay/backtracking or, if the model-checker has no preference
90 * regarding the next thread (i.e., when exploring a new execution ordering),
91 * we defer to the scheduler.
93 * @return The next chosen thread to run, if any exist. Or else if the current
94 * execution should terminate, return NULL.
96 Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread()
101 * Have we completed exploring the preselected path? Then let the
104 if (diverge == NULL) // W: diverge is set to NULL permanently
105 return scheduler->select_next_thread(node_stack->get_head());
107 /* Else, we are trying to replay an execution */
108 ModelAction *next = node_stack->get_next()->get_action();
110 if (next == diverge) {
111 if (earliest_diverge == NULL || *diverge < *earliest_diverge)
112 earliest_diverge = diverge;
114 Node *nextnode = next->get_node();
115 Node *prevnode = nextnode->get_parent();
116 scheduler->update_sleep_set(prevnode);
118 /* Reached divergence point */
119 if (nextnode->increment_behaviors()) {
120 /* Execute the same thread with a new behavior */
121 tid = next->get_tid();
122 node_stack->pop_restofstack(2);
125 /* Make a different thread execute for next step */
126 scheduler->add_sleep(get_thread(next->get_tid()));
127 tid = prevnode->get_next_backtrack();
128 /* Make sure the backtracked thread isn't sleeping. */
129 node_stack->pop_restofstack(1);
130 if (diverge == earliest_diverge) {
131 earliest_diverge = prevnode->get_action();
134 /* Start the round robin scheduler from this thread id */
135 scheduler->set_scheduler_thread(tid);
136 /* The correct sleep set is in the parent node. */
139 DEBUG("*** Divergence point ***\n");
143 tid = next->get_tid();
145 DEBUG("*** ModelChecker chose next thread = %d ***\n", id_to_int(tid));
146 ASSERT(tid != THREAD_ID_T_NONE);
147 return get_thread(id_to_int(tid));
151 * We need to know what the next actions of all threads in the sleep
152 * set will be. This method computes them and stores the actions at
153 * the corresponding thread object's pending action.
155 void ModelChecker::execute_sleep_set()
157 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
158 thread_id_t tid = int_to_id(i);
159 Thread *thr = get_thread(tid);
160 if (scheduler->is_sleep_set(thr) && thr->get_pending()) {
161 thr->get_pending()->set_sleep_flag();
167 * @brief Assert a bug in the executing program.
169 * Use this function to assert any sort of bug in the user program. If the
170 * current trace is feasible (actually, a prefix of some feasible execution),
171 * then this execution will be aborted, printing the appropriate message. If
172 * the current trace is not yet feasible, the error message will be stashed and
173 * printed if the execution ever becomes feasible.
175 * @param msg Descriptive message for the bug (do not include newline char)
176 * @return True if bug is immediately-feasible
178 bool ModelChecker::assert_bug(const char *msg, ...)
184 vsnprintf(str, sizeof(str), msg, ap);
187 return execution->assert_bug(str);
191 * @brief Assert a bug in the executing program, asserted by a user thread
192 * @see ModelChecker::assert_bug
193 * @param msg Descriptive message for the bug (do not include newline char)
195 void ModelChecker::assert_user_bug(const char *msg)
197 /* If feasible bug, bail out now */
199 switch_to_master(NULL);
202 /** @brief Print bug report listing for this execution (if any bugs exist) */
203 void ModelChecker::print_bugs() const
205 SnapVector<bug_message *> *bugs = execution->get_bugs();
207 model_print("Bug report: %zu bug%s detected\n",
209 bugs->size() > 1 ? "s" : "");
210 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < bugs->size(); i++)
215 * @brief Record end-of-execution stats
217 * Must be run when exiting an execution. Records various stats.
218 * @see struct execution_stats
220 void ModelChecker::record_stats()
223 if (!execution->isfeasibleprefix())
224 stats.num_infeasible++;
225 else if (execution->have_bug_reports())
226 stats.num_buggy_executions++;
227 else if (execution->is_complete_execution())
228 stats.num_complete++;
230 stats.num_redundant++;
233 * @todo We can violate this ASSERT() when fairness/sleep sets
234 * conflict to cause an execution to terminate, e.g. with:
235 * Scheduler: [0: disabled][1: disabled][2: sleep][3: current, enabled]
237 //ASSERT(scheduler->all_threads_sleeping());
241 /** @brief Print execution stats */
242 void ModelChecker::print_stats() const
244 model_print("Number of complete, bug-free executions: %d\n", stats.num_complete);
245 model_print("Number of redundant executions: %d\n", stats.num_redundant);
246 model_print("Number of buggy executions: %d\n", stats.num_buggy_executions);
247 model_print("Number of infeasible executions: %d\n", stats.num_infeasible);
248 model_print("Total executions: %d\n", stats.num_total);
250 model_print("Total nodes created: %d\n", node_stack->get_total_nodes());
254 * @brief End-of-exeuction print
255 * @param printbugs Should any existing bugs be printed?
257 void ModelChecker::print_execution(bool printbugs) const
259 model_print("Program output from execution %d:\n",
260 get_execution_number());
261 print_program_output();
263 if (params.verbose >= 3) {
264 model_print("\nEarliest divergence point since last feasible execution:\n");
265 if (earliest_diverge)
266 earliest_diverge->print();
268 model_print("(Not set)\n");
274 /* Don't print invalid bugs */
275 if (printbugs && execution->have_bug_reports()) {
281 execution->print_summary();
285 * Queries the model-checker for more executions to explore and, if one
286 * exists, resets the model-checker state to execute a new execution.
288 * @return If there are more executions to explore, return true. Otherwise,
291 bool ModelChecker::next_execution()
294 /* Is this execution a feasible execution that's worth bug-checking? */
295 bool complete = execution->isfeasibleprefix() &&
296 (execution->is_complete_execution() ||
297 execution->have_bug_reports());
299 /* End-of-execution bug checks */
301 if (execution->is_deadlocked())
302 assert_bug("Deadlock detected");
305 run_trace_analyses();
310 if ( (complete && params.verbose) || params.verbose>1 || (complete && execution->have_bug_reports()))
311 print_execution(complete);
313 clear_program_output();
321 reset_to_initial_state();
322 node_stack->pop_restofstack(2);
323 // node_stack->full_reset();
328 earliest_diverge = NULL;
333 // diverge = execution->get_next_backtrack();
334 if (diverge == NULL) {
336 reset_to_initial_state();
337 model_print("Does not diverge\n");
342 model_print("Next execution will diverge at:\n");
348 if (params.maxexecutions != 0 && stats.num_complete >= params.maxexecutions)
351 reset_to_initial_state();
357 /** @brief Run trace analyses on complete trace */
358 void ModelChecker::run_trace_analyses() {
359 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < trace_analyses.size(); i++)
360 trace_analyses[i]->analyze(execution->get_action_trace());
364 * @brief Get a Thread reference by its ID
365 * @param tid The Thread's ID
366 * @return A Thread reference
368 Thread * ModelChecker::get_thread(thread_id_t tid) const
370 return execution->get_thread(tid);
374 * @brief Get a reference to the Thread in which a ModelAction was executed
375 * @param act The ModelAction
376 * @return A Thread reference
378 Thread * ModelChecker::get_thread(const ModelAction *act) const
380 return execution->get_thread(act);
384 * Switch from a model-checker context to a user-thread context. This is the
385 * complement of ModelChecker::switch_to_master and must be called from the
386 * model-checker context
388 * @param thread The user-thread to switch to
390 void ModelChecker::switch_from_master(Thread *thread)
392 scheduler->set_current_thread(thread);
393 Thread::swap(&system_context, thread);
397 * Switch from a user-context to the "master thread" context (a.k.a. system
398 * context). This switch is made with the intention of exploring a particular
399 * model-checking action (described by a ModelAction object). Must be called
400 * from a user-thread context.
402 * @param act The current action that will be explored. May be NULL only if
403 * trace is exiting via an assertion (see ModelExecution::set_assert and
404 * ModelExecution::has_asserted).
405 * @return Return the value returned by the current action
407 uint64_t ModelChecker::switch_to_master(ModelAction *act)
410 Thread *old = thread_current();
411 scheduler->set_current_thread(NULL);
412 ASSERT(!old->get_pending());
414 if (inspect_plugin != NULL) {
415 inspect_plugin->inspectModelAction(act);
417 old->set_pending(act);
418 if (Thread::swap(old, &system_context) < 0) {
419 perror("swap threads");
422 return old->get_return_value();
425 /** Wrapper to run the user's main function, with appropriate arguments */
426 void user_main_wrapper(void *)
428 user_main(model->params.argc, model->params.argv);
431 bool ModelChecker::should_terminate_execution()
433 /* Infeasible -> don't take any more steps */
434 if (execution->is_infeasible())
436 else if (execution->isfeasibleprefix() && execution->have_bug_reports()) {
437 execution->set_assert();
441 if (execution->too_many_steps())
446 /** @brief Exit ModelChecker upon returning to the run loop of the
448 void ModelChecker::exit_model_checker()
453 /** @brief Restart ModelChecker upon returning to the run loop of the
455 void ModelChecker::restart()
460 void ModelChecker::do_restart()
462 restart_flag = false;
464 earliest_diverge = NULL;
465 reset_to_initial_state();
466 node_stack->full_reset();
467 memset(&stats,0,sizeof(struct execution_stats));
468 execution_number = 1;
471 /** @brief Run ModelChecker for the user program */
472 void ModelChecker::run()
478 Thread *t = new Thread(execution->get_next_id(), &user_thread, &user_main_wrapper, NULL, NULL); // L: user_main_wrapper passes the user program
479 execution->add_thread(t);
482 * Stash next pending action(s) for thread(s). There
483 * should only need to stash one thread's action--the
484 * thread which just took a step--plus the first step
485 * for any newly-created thread
488 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
489 thread_id_t tid = int_to_id(i);
490 Thread *thr = get_thread(tid);
491 if (!thr->is_model_thread() && !thr->is_complete() && !thr->get_pending()) {
492 switch_from_master(thr); // L: context swapped, and action type of thr changed.
493 if (thr->is_waiting_on(thr))
494 assert_bug("Deadlock detected (thread %u)", i);
498 /* Don't schedule threads which should be disabled */
499 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
500 Thread *th = get_thread(int_to_id(i));
501 ModelAction *act = th->get_pending();
502 if (act && execution->is_enabled(th) && !execution->check_action_enabled(act)) {
503 scheduler->sleep(th);
507 for (unsigned int i = 1; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
508 Thread *th = get_thread(int_to_id(i));
509 ModelAction *act = th->get_pending();
510 if (act && execution->is_enabled(th) && (th->get_state() != THREAD_BLOCKED) ){
511 if (act->is_write()){
512 std::memory_order order = act->get_mo();
513 if (order == std::memory_order_relaxed || \
514 order == std::memory_order_release) {
518 } else if (act->get_type() == THREAD_CREATE || \
519 act->get_type() == PTHREAD_CREATE || \
520 act->get_type() == THREAD_START || \
521 act->get_type() == THREAD_FINISH) {
528 /* Catch assertions from prior take_step or from
529 * between-ModelAction bugs (e.g., data races) */
531 if (execution->has_asserted())
534 t = get_next_thread();
535 if (!t || t->is_model_thread())
538 /* Consume the next action for a Thread */
539 ModelAction *curr = t->get_pending();
540 t->set_pending(NULL);
541 t = execution->take_step(curr);
542 } while (!should_terminate_execution());
544 has_next = next_execution();
546 } while (i<2); // while (has_next);
548 execution->fixup_release_sequences();
550 model_print("******* Model-checking complete: *******\n");
553 /* Have the trace analyses dump their output. */
554 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < trace_analyses.size(); i++)
555 trace_analyses[i]->finish();