3 [![GitHub version](https://badge.fury.io/gh/khizmax%2Flibcds.svg)](http://badge.fury.io/gh/khizmax%2Flibcds)
\r
4 [![License](https://img.shields.io/:license-bsd-blue.svg?style=round-square)](https://github.com/khizmax/libcds/blob/master/LICENSE)
\r
7 The build time for lib and hdr-test is exceed the limit of 50 minutes
\r
8 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/khizmax/libcds.svg?branch=dev)](https://travis-ci.org/khizmax/libcds)
\r
11 The coverity dataset is about 4G of size and about 1G in compressed state so it is a problem to upload it to the coverity server
\r
12 [![Coverity Scan Build Status](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/4445/badge.svg)](https://scan.coverity.com/projects/4445)
\r
15 The Concurrent Data Structures (CDS) library is a collection of concurrent containers
\r
16 that don't require external (manual) synchronization for shared access, and safe memory reclamation (SMR)
\r
17 algorithms like [Hazard Pointer](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_pointer)
\r
18 and user-space [RCU](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-copy-update) that is used as an epoch-based SMR.
\r
20 CDS is mostly header-only template library. Only SMR core implementation is segregated to .so/.dll file.
\r
22 The library contains the implementations of the following containers:
\r
23 - [lock-free](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-blocking_algorithm) stack with optional elimination support
\r
24 - several algo for lock-free queue, including classic Michael & Scott algorithm and its derivatives,
\r
25 the flat combining queue, the segmented queue.
\r
26 - several implementation of unordered set/map - lock-free and fine-grained lock-based
\r
27 - [flat-combining] (http://mcg.cs.tau.ac.il/projects/projects/flat-combining) technique
\r
28 - lock-free [skip-list](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skip_list)
\r
29 - lock-free FeldmanHashMap/Set [Multi-Level Array Hash](http://samos-conference.com/Resources_Samos_Websites/Proceedings_Repository_SAMOS/2013/Files/2013-IC-20.pdf)
\r
30 with thread-safe bidirectional iterator support
\r
31 - Bronson's et al algorithm for fine-grained lock-based AVL tree
\r
33 Generally, each container has an intrusive and non-intrusive (STL-like) version belonging to
\r
34 *cds::intrusive* and *cds::container* namespace respectively.
\r
36 Version 2.x of the library is written on C++11 and can be compiled by GCC 4.8+, clang 3.3+, Intel C++ 15+,
\r
37 and MS VC++ 12 (2013) Update 4.
\r
39 Download the latest release from http://sourceforge.net/projects/libcds/files/
\r
41 See online doxygen-generated doc here: http://libcds.sourceforge.net/doc/cds-api/index.html
\r
43 **Pull request requirements**
\r
44 - Pull-request to *master* branch will be unconditionally rejected
\r
45 - *integration* branch is intended for pull-request. Usually, *integration* branch is the same as *master*
\r
46 - *dev* branch is intended for main developing. Usually, it contains unstable code
\r
48 [![Project stats](https://www.openhub.net/p/khizmax-libcds/widgets/project_thin_badge.gif)](https://www.openhub.net/p/khizmax-libcds)
\r
53 - *TreiberStack*: [1986] R. K. Treiber. Systems programming: Coping with parallelism. Technical Report RJ 5118, IBM Almaden Research Center, April 1986.
\r
54 - Elimination back-off implementation is based on idea from [2004] Danny Hendler, Nir Shavit, Lena Yerushalmi "A Scalable Lock-free Stack Algorithm"
\r
55 [pdf](http://people.csail.mit.edu/shanir/publications/Lock_Free.pdf)
\r
56 - *FCStack* - flat-combining wrapper for *std::stack*
\r
59 - *BasketQueue*: [2007] Moshe Hoffman, Ori Shalev, Nir Shavit "The Baskets Queue"
\r
60 [pdf](http://people.csail.mit.edu/shanir/publications/Baskets%20Queue.pdf)
\r
62 * [1998] Maged Michael, Michael Scott "Simple, fast, and practical non-blocking and blocking concurrent queue algorithms"
\r
63 [pdf](http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~scott/papers/1996_PODC_queues.pdf)
\r
64 * [2002] Maged M.Michael "Safe memory reclamation for dynamic lock-free objects using atomic reads and writes"
\r
65 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/podc-2002.pdf)
\r
66 * [2003] Maged M.Michael "Hazard Pointers: Safe memory reclamation for lock-free objects"
\r
67 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/ieeetpds-2004.pdf)
\r
68 - *RWQueue*: [1998] Maged Michael, Michael Scott "Simple, fast, and practical non-blocking and blocking concurrent queue algorithms"
\r
69 [pdf](http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~scott/papers/1996_PODC_queues.pdf)
\r
70 - *MoirQueue*: [2000] Simon Doherty, Lindsay Groves, Victor Luchangco, Mark Moir "Formal Verification of a practical lock-free queue algorithm"
\r
71 [pdf](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.9954&rep=rep1&type=pdf)
\r
72 - *OptimisticQueue*: [2008] Edya Ladan-Mozes, Nir Shavit "An Optimistic Approach to Lock-Free FIFO Queues"
\r
73 [pdf](https://people.csail.mit.edu/edya/publications/OptimisticFIFOQueue-journal.pdf)
\r
74 - *SegmentedQueue*: [2010] Afek, Korland, Yanovsky "Quasi-Linearizability: relaxed consistency for improved concurrency"
\r
75 [pdf](http://mcg.cs.tau.ac.il/papers/opodis2010-quasi.pdf)
\r
76 - *FCQueue* - flat-combining wrapper for *std::queue*
\r
77 - *TsigasCycleQueue*: [2000] Philippas Tsigas, Yi Zhang "A Simple, Fast and Scalable Non-Blocking Concurrent FIFO Queue for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems"
\r
78 [pdf](http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~tsigas/papers/latest-spaa01.pdf)
\r
79 - *VyukovMPMCCycleQueue* Dmitry Vyukov (see http://www.1024cores.net)
\r
82 - flat-combining deque based on *stl::deque*
\r
85 - *MichaelHashMap*: [2002] Maged Michael "High performance dynamic lock-free hash tables and list-based sets"
\r
86 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/spaa-2002.pdf)
\r
87 - *SplitOrderedList*: [2003] Ori Shalev, Nir Shavit "Split-Ordered Lists - Lock-free Resizable Hash Tables"
\r
88 [pdf](http://people.csail.mit.edu/shanir/publications/Split-Ordered_Lists.pdf)
\r
89 - *StripedMap*, *StripedSet*: [2008] Maurice Herlihy, Nir Shavit "The Art of Multiprocessor Programming"
\r
90 - *CuckooMap*, *CuckooSet*: [2008] Maurice Herlihy, Nir Shavit "The Art of Multiprocessor Programming"
\r
91 - *SkipListMap*, *SkipListSet*: [2008] Maurice Herlihy, Nir Shavit "The Art of Multiprocessor Programming"
\r
92 - *FeldmanHashMap*, *FeldmanHashSet*: [2013] Steven Feldman, Pierre LaBorde, Damian Dechev "Concurrent Multi-level Arrays:
\r
93 Wait-free Extensible Hash Maps". Supports **thread-safe bidirectional iterators**
\r
94 [pdf](http://samos-conference.com/Resources_Samos_Websites/Proceedings_Repository_SAMOS/2013/Files/2013-IC-20.pdf)
\r
96 *Ordered single-linked list*
\r
97 - *LazyList*: [2005] Steve Heller, Maurice Herlihy, Victor Luchangco, Mark Moir, William N. Scherer III, and Nir Shavit "A Lazy Concurrent List-Based Set Algorithm"
\r
98 [pdf](http://people.csail.mit.edu/shanir/publications/Lazy_Concurrent.pdf)
\r
99 - *MichaelList*: [2002] Maged Michael "High performance dynamic lock-free hash tables and list-based sets"
\r
100 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/spaa-2002.pdf)
\r
103 - *MSPriorityQueue*: [1996] G.Hunt, M.Michael, S. Parthasarathy, M.Scott "An efficient algorithm for concurrent priority queue heaps"
\r
104 [pdf](http://web.cse.ohio-state.edu/dmrl/papers/heap96.pdf)
\r
107 - *EllenBinTree*: [2010] F.Ellen, P.Fatourou, E.Ruppert, F.van Breugel "Non-blocking Binary Search Tree"
\r
108 [pdf](http://www.cs.vu.nl/~tcs/cm/faith.pdf)
\r
109 - *BronsonAVLTreeMap* - lock-based fine-grained AVL-tree implementation:
\r
110 [2010] Nathan Bronson, Jared Casper, Hassan Chafi, Kunle Olukotun "A Practical Concurrent Binary Search Tree"
\r
111 [pdf](https://ppl.stanford.edu/papers/ppopp207-bronson.pdf)
\r
115 * [2002] Maged M.Michael "Safe memory reclamation for dynamic lock-free objects using atomic reads and writes"
\r
116 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/podc-2002.pdf)
\r
117 * [2003] Maged M.Michael "Hazard Pointers: Safe memory reclamation for lock-free objects"
\r
118 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/ieeetpds-2004.pdf)
\r
119 * [2004] Andrei Alexandrescy, Maged Michael "Lock-free Data Structures with Hazard Pointers"
\r
120 [pdf](http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andrei_Alexandrescu/publication/252573326_Lock-Free_Data_Structures_with_Hazard_Pointers/links/0deec529e7804288fe000000.pdf)
\r
122 * [2009] M.Desnoyers "Low-Impact Operating System Tracing" PhD Thesis,
\r
123 Chapter 6 "User-Level Implementations of Read-Copy Update"
\r
124 [pdf](http://www.lttng.org/files/thesis/desnoyers-dissertation-2009-12-v27.pdf)
\r
125 * [2011] M.Desnoyers, P.McKenney, A.Stern, M.Dagenias, J.Walpole "User-Level
\r
126 Implementations of Read-Copy Update"
\r
127 [pdf](http://www.dorsal.polymtl.ca/sites/www.dorsal.polymtl.ca/files/publications/desnoyers-ieee-urcu-submitted.pdf)
\r
129 *Memory allocation*
\r
130 - [2004] M.Michael "Scalable Lock-free Dynamic Memory Allocation"
\r
131 [pdf](http://www.research.ibm.com/people/m/michael/pldi-2004.pdf)
\r
133 *Flat Combining* technique
\r
134 - [2010] Hendler, Incze, Shavit and Tzafrir "Flat Combining and the Synchronization-Parallelism Tradeoff"
\r
135 [pdf](http://www.cs.bgu.ac.il/~hendlerd/papers/flat-combining.pdf)
\r