1 //===- gccld.cpp - LLVM 'ld' compatible linker ----------------------------===//
3 // This utility is intended to be compatible with GCC, and follows standard
4 // system 'ld' conventions. As such, the default output file is ./a.out.
5 // Additionally, this program outputs a shell script that is used to invoke LLI
6 // to execute the program. In this manner, the generated executable (a.out for
7 // example), is directly executable, whereas the bytecode file actually lives in
8 // the a.out.bc file generated by this program. Also, Force is on by default.
10 // Note that if someone (or a script) deletes the executable program generated,
11 // the .bc file will be left around. Considering that this is a temporary hack,
12 // I'm not too worried about this.
14 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
16 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Linker.h"
17 #include "llvm/Module.h"
18 #include "llvm/PassManager.h"
19 #include "llvm/Bytecode/Reader.h"
20 #include "llvm/Bytecode/WriteBytecodePass.h"
21 #include "llvm/Target/TargetData.h"
22 #include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
23 #include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
24 #include "Support/CommandLine.h"
25 #include "Support/Signals.h"
30 #include <sys/types.h> // For FileExists
35 InputFilenames(cl::Positional, cl::desc("<input bytecode files>"),
39 OutputFilename("o", cl::desc("Override output filename"), cl::init("a.out"),
40 cl::value_desc("filename"));
43 Verbose("v", cl::desc("Print information about actions taken"));
46 LibPaths("L", cl::desc("Specify a library search path"), cl::Prefix,
47 cl::value_desc("directory"));
50 Libraries("l", cl::desc("Specify libraries to link to"), cl::Prefix,
51 cl::value_desc("library prefix"));
54 Strip("s", cl::desc("Strip symbol info from executable"));
57 NoInternalize("disable-internalize",
58 cl::desc("Do not mark all symbols as internal"));
61 LinkAsLibrary("link-as-library", cl::desc("Link the .bc files together as a"
62 " library, not an executable"));
64 // Compatibility options that are ignored, but support by LD
66 CO3("soname", cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Compatibility option: ignored"));
68 CO4("version-script", cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Compatibility option: ignored"));
70 CO5("eh-frame-hdr", cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Compatibility option: ignored"));
72 CO6("r", cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Compatibility option: ignored"));
75 // FileExists - Return true if the specified string is an openable file...
76 static inline bool FileExists(const std::string &FN) {
78 return stat(FN.c_str(), &StatBuf) != -1;
82 // LoadObject - Read the specified "object file", which should not search the
83 // library path to find it.
84 static inline std::auto_ptr<Module> LoadObject(std::string FN,
85 std::string &OutErrorMessage) {
86 if (Verbose) std::cerr << "Loading '" << FN << "'\n";
87 if (!FileExists(FN)) {
88 // Attempt to load from the LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH directory... if we would
89 // otherwise fail. This is used to locate objects like crtend.o.
91 char *SearchPath = getenv("LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH");
92 if (SearchPath && FileExists(std::string(SearchPath)+"/"+FN))
93 FN = std::string(SearchPath)+"/"+FN;
95 OutErrorMessage = "could not find input file '" + FN + "'!";
96 return std::auto_ptr<Module>();
100 std::string ErrorMessage;
101 Module *Result = ParseBytecodeFile(FN, &ErrorMessage);
102 if (Result) return std::auto_ptr<Module>(Result);
104 OutErrorMessage = "Bytecode file '" + FN + "' corrupt!";
105 if (ErrorMessage.size()) OutErrorMessage += ": " + ErrorMessage;
106 return std::auto_ptr<Module>();
110 static Module *LoadSingleLibraryObject(const std::string &Filename) {
111 std::string ErrorMessage;
112 std::auto_ptr<Module> M = LoadObject(Filename, ErrorMessage);
113 if (M.get() == 0 && Verbose) {
114 std::cerr << "Error loading '" + Filename + "'";
115 if (!ErrorMessage.empty()) std::cerr << ": " << ErrorMessage;
122 // IsArchive - Returns true iff FILENAME appears to be the name of an ar
123 // archive file. It determines this by checking the magic string at the
124 // beginning of the file.
125 static bool IsArchive(const std::string &filename) {
126 std::string ArchiveMagic("!<arch>\012");
127 char buf[1 + ArchiveMagic.size()];
128 std::ifstream f(filename.c_str());
129 f.read(buf, ArchiveMagic.size());
130 buf[ArchiveMagic.size()] = '\0';
131 return ArchiveMagic == buf;
134 // LoadLibraryExactName - This looks for a file with a known name and tries to
135 // load it, similarly to LoadLibraryFromDirectory().
136 static inline bool LoadLibraryExactName(const std::string &FileName,
137 std::vector<Module*> &Objects, bool &isArchive) {
138 if (Verbose) std::cerr << " Considering '" << FileName << "'\n";
139 if (FileExists(FileName)) {
140 if (IsArchive(FileName)) {
141 std::string ErrorMessage;
142 if (Verbose) std::cerr << " Loading '" << FileName << "'\n";
143 if (!ReadArchiveFile(FileName, Objects, &ErrorMessage)) {
145 return false; // Success!
148 std::cerr << " Error loading archive '" + FileName + "'";
149 if (!ErrorMessage.empty()) std::cerr << ": " << ErrorMessage;
153 if (Module *M = LoadSingleLibraryObject(FileName)) {
155 Objects.push_back(M);
163 // LoadLibrary - Try to load a library named LIBNAME that contains
164 // LLVM bytecode. If SEARCH is true, then search for a file named
165 // libLIBNAME.{a,so,bc} in the current library search path. Otherwise,
166 // assume LIBNAME is the real name of the library file. This method puts
167 // the loaded modules into the Objects list, and sets isArchive to true if
168 // a .a file was loaded. It returns true if no library is found or if an
169 // error occurs; otherwise it returns false.
171 static inline bool LoadLibrary(const std::string &LibName,
172 std::vector<Module*> &Objects, bool &isArchive,
173 bool search, std::string &ErrorMessage) {
175 // First, try the current directory. Then, iterate over the
176 // directories in LibPaths, looking for a suitable match for LibName
178 for (unsigned NextLibPathIdx = 0; NextLibPathIdx != LibPaths.size();
180 std::string Directory = LibPaths[NextLibPathIdx] + "/";
181 if (!LoadLibraryExactName(Directory + "lib" + LibName + ".a",
184 if (!LoadLibraryExactName(Directory + "lib" + LibName + ".so",
187 if (!LoadLibraryExactName(Directory + "lib" + LibName + ".bc",
192 // If they said no searching, then assume LibName is the real name.
193 if (!LoadLibraryExactName(LibName, Objects, isArchive))
196 ErrorMessage = "error linking library '-l" + LibName+ "': library not found!";
200 static void GetAllDefinedSymbols(Module *M,
201 std::set<std::string> &DefinedSymbols) {
202 for (Module::iterator I = M->begin(), E = M->end(); I != E; ++I)
203 if (I->hasName() && !I->isExternal() && !I->hasInternalLinkage())
204 DefinedSymbols.insert(I->getName());
205 for (Module::giterator I = M->gbegin(), E = M->gend(); I != E; ++I)
206 if (I->hasName() && !I->isExternal() && !I->hasInternalLinkage())
207 DefinedSymbols.insert(I->getName());
210 // GetAllUndefinedSymbols - This calculates the set of undefined symbols that
211 // still exist in an LLVM module. This is a bit tricky because there may be two
212 // symbols with the same name, but different LLVM types that will be resolved to
213 // each other, but aren't currently (thus we need to treat it as resolved).
215 static void GetAllUndefinedSymbols(Module *M,
216 std::set<std::string> &UndefinedSymbols) {
217 std::set<std::string> DefinedSymbols;
218 UndefinedSymbols.clear(); // Start out empty
220 for (Module::iterator I = M->begin(), E = M->end(); I != E; ++I)
223 UndefinedSymbols.insert(I->getName());
224 else if (!I->hasInternalLinkage())
225 DefinedSymbols.insert(I->getName());
227 for (Module::giterator I = M->gbegin(), E = M->gend(); I != E; ++I)
230 UndefinedSymbols.insert(I->getName());
231 else if (!I->hasInternalLinkage())
232 DefinedSymbols.insert(I->getName());
235 // Prune out any defined symbols from the undefined symbols set...
236 for (std::set<std::string>::iterator I = UndefinedSymbols.begin();
237 I != UndefinedSymbols.end(); )
238 if (DefinedSymbols.count(*I))
239 UndefinedSymbols.erase(I++); // This symbol really is defined!
241 ++I; // Keep this symbol in the undefined symbols list
245 static bool LinkLibrary(Module *M, const std::string &LibName,
246 bool search, std::string &ErrorMessage) {
247 std::set<std::string> UndefinedSymbols;
248 GetAllUndefinedSymbols(M, UndefinedSymbols);
249 if (UndefinedSymbols.empty()) {
250 if (Verbose) std::cerr << " No symbols undefined, don't link library!\n";
251 return false; // No need to link anything in!
254 std::vector<Module*> Objects;
256 if (LoadLibrary(LibName, Objects, isArchive, search, ErrorMessage))
259 // Figure out which symbols are defined by all of the modules in the .a file
260 std::vector<std::set<std::string> > DefinedSymbols;
261 DefinedSymbols.resize(Objects.size());
262 for (unsigned i = 0; i != Objects.size(); ++i)
263 GetAllDefinedSymbols(Objects[i], DefinedSymbols[i]);
266 while (Linked) { // While we are linking in object files, loop.
269 for (unsigned i = 0; i != Objects.size(); ++i) {
270 // Consider whether we need to link in this module... we only need to
271 // link it in if it defines some symbol which is so far undefined.
273 const std::set<std::string> &DefSymbols = DefinedSymbols[i];
275 bool ObjectRequired = false;
276 for (std::set<std::string>::iterator I = UndefinedSymbols.begin(),
277 E = UndefinedSymbols.end(); I != E; ++I)
278 if (DefSymbols.count(*I)) {
280 std::cerr << " Found object providing symbol '" << *I << "'...\n";
281 ObjectRequired = true;
285 // We DO need to link this object into the program...
286 if (ObjectRequired) {
287 if (LinkModules(M, Objects[i], &ErrorMessage))
288 return true; // Couldn't link in the right object file...
290 // Since we have linked in this object, delete it from the list of
291 // objects to consider in this archive file.
292 std::swap(Objects[i], Objects.back());
293 std::swap(DefinedSymbols[i], DefinedSymbols.back());
295 DefinedSymbols.pop_back();
296 --i; // Do not skip an entry
298 // The undefined symbols set should have shrunk.
299 GetAllUndefinedSymbols(M, UndefinedSymbols);
300 Linked = true; // We have linked something in!
308 static int PrintAndReturn(const char *progname, const std::string &Message,
309 const std::string &Extra = "") {
310 std::cerr << progname << Extra << ": " << Message << "\n";
315 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
316 cl::ParseCommandLineOptions(argc, argv, " llvm linker for GCC\n");
318 std::string ErrorMessage;
319 std::auto_ptr<Module> Composite(LoadObject(InputFilenames[0], ErrorMessage));
320 if (Composite.get() == 0)
321 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], ErrorMessage);
323 // We always look first in the current directory when searching for libraries.
324 LibPaths.insert(LibPaths.begin(), ".");
326 // If the user specied an extra search path in their environment, respect it.
327 if (char *SearchPath = getenv("LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH"))
328 LibPaths.push_back(SearchPath);
330 for (unsigned i = 1; i < InputFilenames.size(); ++i) {
331 // A user may specify an ar archive without -l, perhaps because it
332 // is not installed as a library. Detect that and link the library.
333 if (IsArchive(InputFilenames[i])) {
334 if (Verbose) std::cerr << "Linking archive '" << InputFilenames[i]
336 if (LinkLibrary(Composite.get(), InputFilenames[i], false, ErrorMessage))
337 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], ErrorMessage,
338 ": error linking in '" + InputFilenames[i] + "'");
342 std::auto_ptr<Module> M(LoadObject(InputFilenames[i], ErrorMessage));
344 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], ErrorMessage);
346 if (Verbose) std::cerr << "Linking in '" << InputFilenames[i] << "'\n";
348 if (LinkModules(Composite.get(), M.get(), &ErrorMessage))
349 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], ErrorMessage,
350 ": error linking in '" + InputFilenames[i] + "'");
353 // Remove any consecutive duplicates of the same library...
354 Libraries.erase(std::unique(Libraries.begin(), Libraries.end()),
357 // Link in all of the libraries next...
358 for (unsigned i = 0; i != Libraries.size(); ++i) {
359 if (Verbose) std::cerr << "Linking in library: -l" << Libraries[i] << "\n";
360 if (LinkLibrary(Composite.get(), Libraries[i], true, ErrorMessage))
361 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], ErrorMessage);
364 // In addition to just linking the input from GCC, we also want to spiff it up
365 // a little bit. Do this now.
369 // Add an appropriate TargetData instance for this module...
370 Passes.add(new TargetData("gccas", Composite.get()));
372 // Linking modules together can lead to duplicated global constants, only keep
373 // one copy of each constant...
375 Passes.add(createConstantMergePass());
377 // If the -s command line option was specified, strip the symbols out of the
378 // resulting program to make it smaller. -s is a GCC option that we are
382 Passes.add(createSymbolStrippingPass());
384 // Often if the programmer does not specify proper prototypes for the
385 // functions they are calling, they end up calling a vararg version of the
386 // function that does not get a body filled in (the real function has typed
387 // arguments). This pass merges the two functions.
389 Passes.add(createFunctionResolvingPass());
391 if (!NoInternalize) {
392 // Now that composite has been compiled, scan through the module, looking
393 // for a main function. If main is defined, mark all other functions
396 Passes.add(createInternalizePass());
399 // Remove unused arguments from functions...
401 Passes.add(createDeadArgEliminationPass());
403 // The FuncResolve pass may leave cruft around if functions were prototyped
404 // differently than they were defined. Remove this cruft.
406 Passes.add(createInstructionCombiningPass());
408 // Delete basic blocks, which optimization passes may have killed...
410 Passes.add(createCFGSimplificationPass());
412 // Now that we have optimized the program, discard unreachable functions...
414 Passes.add(createGlobalDCEPass());
416 // Add the pass that writes bytecode to the output file...
417 std::string RealBytecodeOutput = OutputFilename;
418 if (!LinkAsLibrary) RealBytecodeOutput += ".bc";
419 std::ofstream Out(RealBytecodeOutput.c_str());
421 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], "error opening '" + RealBytecodeOutput +
423 Passes.add(new WriteBytecodePass(&Out)); // Write bytecode to file...
425 // Make sure that the Out file gets unlink'd from the disk if we get a SIGINT
426 RemoveFileOnSignal(RealBytecodeOutput);
428 // Run our queue of passes all at once now, efficiently.
429 Passes.run(*Composite.get());
432 if (!LinkAsLibrary) {
433 // Output the script to start the program...
434 std::ofstream Out2(OutputFilename.c_str());
436 return PrintAndReturn(argv[0], "error opening '" + OutputFilename +
438 Out2 << "#!/bin/sh\nlli -q -abort-on-exception $0.bc $*\n";
441 // Make the script executable...
442 chmod(OutputFilename.c_str(), 0755);