+
+-instcombine should handle this transform:
+ icmp pred (sdiv X / C1 ), C2
+when X, C1, and C2 are unsigned. Similarly for udiv and signed operands.
+
+Currently InstCombine avoids this transform but will do it when the signs of
+the operands and the sign of the divide match. See the FIXME in
+InstructionCombining.cpp in the visitSetCondInst method after the switch case
+for Instruction::UDiv (around line 4447) for more details.
+
+The SingleSource/Benchmarks/Shootout-C++/hash and hash2 tests have examples of
+this construct.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+viterbi speeds up *significantly* if the various "history" related copy loops
+are turned into memcpy calls at the source level. We need a "loops to memcpy"
+pass.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Consider:
+
+typedef unsigned U32;
+typedef unsigned long long U64;
+int test (U32 *inst, U64 *regs) {
+ U64 effective_addr2;
+ U32 temp = *inst;
+ int r1 = (temp >> 20) & 0xf;
+ int b2 = (temp >> 16) & 0xf;
+ effective_addr2 = temp & 0xfff;
+ if (b2) effective_addr2 += regs[b2];
+ b2 = (temp >> 12) & 0xf;
+ if (b2) effective_addr2 += regs[b2];
+ effective_addr2 &= regs[4];
+ if ((effective_addr2 & 3) == 0)
+ return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+Note that only the low 2 bits of effective_addr2 are used. On 32-bit systems,
+we don't eliminate the computation of the top half of effective_addr2 because
+we don't have whole-function selection dags. On x86, this means we use one
+extra register for the function when effective_addr2 is declared as U64 than
+when it is declared U32.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+LSR should know what GPR types a target has. This code:
+
+volatile short X, Y; // globals
+
+void foo(int N) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < N; i++) { X = i; Y = i*4; }
+}
+
+produces two identical IV's (after promotion) on PPC/ARM:
+
+LBB1_1: @bb.preheader
+ mov r3, #0
+ mov r2, r3
+ mov r1, r3
+LBB1_2: @bb
+ ldr r12, LCPI1_0
+ ldr r12, [r12]
+ strh r2, [r12]
+ ldr r12, LCPI1_1
+ ldr r12, [r12]
+ strh r3, [r12]
+ add r1, r1, #1 <- [0,+,1]
+ add r3, r3, #4
+ add r2, r2, #1 <- [0,+,1]
+ cmp r1, r0
+ bne LBB1_2 @bb
+
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Tail call elim should be more aggressive, checking to see if the call is
+followed by an uncond branch to an exit block.
+
+; This testcase is due to tail-duplication not wanting to copy the return
+; instruction into the terminating blocks because there was other code
+; optimized out of the function after the taildup happened.
+; RUN: llvm-as < %s | opt -tailcallelim | llvm-dis | not grep call
+
+define i32 @t4(i32 %a) {
+entry:
+ %tmp.1 = and i32 %a, 1 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %tmp.2 = icmp ne i32 %tmp.1, 0 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ br i1 %tmp.2, label %then.0, label %else.0
+
+then.0: ; preds = %entry
+ %tmp.5 = add i32 %a, -1 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %tmp.3 = call i32 @t4( i32 %tmp.5 ) ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ br label %return
+
+else.0: ; preds = %entry
+ %tmp.7 = icmp ne i32 %a, 0 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ br i1 %tmp.7, label %then.1, label %return
+
+then.1: ; preds = %else.0
+ %tmp.11 = add i32 %a, -2 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %tmp.9 = call i32 @t4( i32 %tmp.11 ) ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ br label %return
+
+return: ; preds = %then.1, %else.0, %then.0
+ %result.0 = phi i32 [ 0, %else.0 ], [ %tmp.3, %then.0 ],
+ [ %tmp.9, %then.1 ]
+ ret i32 %result.0
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Tail recursion elimination is not transforming this function, because it is
+returning n, which fails the isDynamicConstant check in the accumulator
+recursion checks.
+
+long long fib(const long long n) {
+ switch(n) {
+ case 0:
+ case 1:
+ return n;
+ default:
+ return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
+ }
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Tail recursion elimination should handle:
+
+int pow2m1(int n) {
+ if (n == 0)
+ return 0;
+ return 2 * pow2m1 (n - 1) + 1;
+}
+
+Also, multiplies can be turned into SHL's, so they should be handled as if
+they were associative. "return foo() << 1" can be tail recursion eliminated.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Argument promotion should promote arguments for recursive functions, like
+this:
+
+; RUN: llvm-as < %s | opt -argpromotion | llvm-dis | grep x.val
+
+define internal i32 @foo(i32* %x) {
+entry:
+ %tmp = load i32* %x ; <i32> [#uses=0]
+ %tmp.foo = call i32 @foo( i32* %x ) ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ ret i32 %tmp.foo
+}
+
+define i32 @bar(i32* %x) {
+entry:
+ %tmp3 = call i32 @foo( i32* %x ) ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ ret i32 %tmp3
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+"basicaa" should know how to look through "or" instructions that act like add
+instructions. For example in this code, the x*4+1 is turned into x*4 | 1, and
+basicaa can't analyze the array subscript, leading to duplicated loads in the
+generated code:
+
+void test(int X, int Y, int a[]) {
+int i;
+ for (i=2; i<1000; i+=4) {
+ a[i+0] = a[i-1+0]*a[i-2+0];
+ a[i+1] = a[i-1+1]*a[i-2+1];
+ a[i+2] = a[i-1+2]*a[i-2+2];
+ a[i+3] = a[i-1+3]*a[i-2+3];
+ }
+}
+
+BasicAA also doesn't do this for add. It needs to know that &A[i+1] != &A[i].
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We should investigate an instruction sinking pass. Consider this silly
+example in pic mode:
+
+#include <assert.h>
+void foo(int x) {
+ assert(x);
+ //...
+}
+
+we compile this to:
+_foo:
+ subl $28, %esp
+ call "L1$pb"
+"L1$pb":
+ popl %eax
+ cmpl $0, 32(%esp)
+ je LBB1_2 # cond_true
+LBB1_1: # return
+ # ...
+ addl $28, %esp
+ ret
+LBB1_2: # cond_true
+...
+
+The PIC base computation (call+popl) is only used on one path through the
+code, but is currently always computed in the entry block. It would be
+better to sink the picbase computation down into the block for the
+assertion, as it is the only one that uses it. This happens for a lot of
+code with early outs.
+
+Another example is loads of arguments, which are usually emitted into the
+entry block on targets like x86. If not used in all paths through a
+function, they should be sunk into the ones that do.
+
+In this case, whole-function-isel would also handle this.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Investigate lowering of sparse switch statements into perfect hash tables:
+http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/perfect.html
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We should turn things like "load+fabs+store" and "load+fneg+store" into the
+corresponding integer operations. On a yonah, this loop:
+
+double a[256];
+void foo() {
+ int i, b;
+ for (b = 0; b < 10000000; b++)
+ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+ a[i] = -a[i];
+}
+
+is twice as slow as this loop:
+
+long long a[256];
+void foo() {
+ int i, b;
+ for (b = 0; b < 10000000; b++)
+ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+ a[i] ^= (1ULL << 63);
+}
+
+and I suspect other processors are similar. On X86 in particular this is a
+big win because doing this with integers allows the use of read/modify/write
+instructions.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+DAG Combiner should try to combine small loads into larger loads when
+profitable. For example, we compile this C++ example:
+
+struct THotKey { short Key; bool Control; bool Shift; bool Alt; };
+extern THotKey m_HotKey;
+THotKey GetHotKey () { return m_HotKey; }
+
+into (-O3 -fno-exceptions -static -fomit-frame-pointer):
+
+__Z9GetHotKeyv:
+ pushl %esi
+ movl 8(%esp), %eax
+ movb _m_HotKey+3, %cl
+ movb _m_HotKey+4, %dl
+ movb _m_HotKey+2, %ch
+ movw _m_HotKey, %si
+ movw %si, (%eax)
+ movb %ch, 2(%eax)
+ movb %cl, 3(%eax)
+ movb %dl, 4(%eax)
+ popl %esi
+ ret $4
+
+GCC produces:
+
+__Z9GetHotKeyv:
+ movl _m_HotKey, %edx
+ movl 4(%esp), %eax
+ movl %edx, (%eax)
+ movzwl _m_HotKey+4, %edx
+ movw %dx, 4(%eax)
+ ret $4
+
+The LLVM IR contains the needed alignment info, so we should be able to
+merge the loads and stores into 4-byte loads:
+
+ %struct.THotKey = type { i16, i8, i8, i8 }
+define void @_Z9GetHotKeyv(%struct.THotKey* sret %agg.result) nounwind {
+...
+ %tmp2 = load i16* getelementptr (@m_HotKey, i32 0, i32 0), align 8
+ %tmp5 = load i8* getelementptr (@m_HotKey, i32 0, i32 1), align 2
+ %tmp8 = load i8* getelementptr (@m_HotKey, i32 0, i32 2), align 1
+ %tmp11 = load i8* getelementptr (@m_HotKey, i32 0, i32 3), align 2
+
+Alternatively, we should use a small amount of base-offset alias analysis
+to make it so the scheduler doesn't need to hold all the loads in regs at
+once.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We should add an FRINT node to the DAG to model targets that have legal
+implementations of ceil/floor/rint.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+This GCC bug: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=34043
+contains a testcase that compiles down to:
+
+ %struct.XMM128 = type { <4 x float> }
+..
+ %src = alloca %struct.XMM128
+..
+ %tmp6263 = bitcast %struct.XMM128* %src to <2 x i64>*
+ %tmp65 = getelementptr %struct.XMM128* %src, i32 0, i32 0
+ store <2 x i64> %tmp5899, <2 x i64>* %tmp6263, align 16
+ %tmp66 = load <4 x float>* %tmp65, align 16
+ %tmp71 = add <4 x float> %tmp66, %tmp66
+
+If the mid-level optimizer turned the bitcast of pointer + store of tmp5899
+into a bitcast of the vector value and a store to the pointer, then the
+store->load could be easily removed.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Consider:
+
+int test() {
+ long long input[8] = {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1};
+ foo(input);
+}
+
+We currently compile this into a memcpy from a global array since the
+initializer is fairly large and not memset'able. This is good, but the memcpy
+gets lowered to load/stores in the code generator. This is also ok, except
+that the codegen lowering for memcpy doesn't handle the case when the source
+is a constant global. This gives us atrocious code like this:
+
+ call "L1$pb"
+"L1$pb":
+ popl %eax
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+32(%eax), %ecx
+ movl %ecx, 40(%esp)
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+20(%eax), %ecx
+ movl %ecx, 28(%esp)
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+36(%eax), %ecx
+ movl %ecx, 44(%esp)
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+44(%eax), %ecx
+ movl %ecx, 52(%esp)
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+40(%eax), %ecx
+ movl %ecx, 48(%esp)
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+12(%eax), %ecx
+ movl %ecx, 20(%esp)
+ movl _C.0.1444-"L1$pb"+4(%eax), %ecx
+...
+
+instead of:
+ movl $1, 16(%esp)
+ movl $0, 20(%esp)
+ movl $1, 24(%esp)
+ movl $0, 28(%esp)
+ movl $1, 32(%esp)
+ movl $0, 36(%esp)
+ ...
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+http://llvm.org/PR717:
+
+The following code should compile into "ret int undef". Instead, LLVM
+produces "ret int 0":
+
+int f() {
+ int x = 4;
+ int y;
+ if (x == 3) y = 0;
+ return y;
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The loop unroller should partially unroll loops (instead of peeling them)
+when code growth isn't too bad and when an unroll count allows simplification
+of some code within the loop. One trivial example is:
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main() {
+ int nRet = 17;
+ int nLoop;
+ for ( nLoop = 0; nLoop < 1000; nLoop++ ) {
+ if ( nLoop & 1 )
+ nRet += 2;
+ else
+ nRet -= 1;
+ }
+ return nRet;
+}
+
+Unrolling by 2 would eliminate the '&1' in both copies, leading to a net
+reduction in code size. The resultant code would then also be suitable for
+exit value computation.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We miss a bunch of rotate opportunities on various targets, including ppc, x86,
+etc. On X86, we miss a bunch of 'rotate by variable' cases because the rotate
+matching code in dag combine doesn't look through truncates aggressively
+enough. Here are some testcases reduces from GCC PR17886:
+
+unsigned long long f(unsigned long long x, int y) {
+ return (x << y) | (x >> 64-y);
+}
+unsigned f2(unsigned x, int y){
+ return (x << y) | (x >> 32-y);
+}
+unsigned long long f3(unsigned long long x){
+ int y = 9;
+ return (x << y) | (x >> 64-y);
+}
+unsigned f4(unsigned x){
+ int y = 10;
+ return (x << y) | (x >> 32-y);
+}
+unsigned long long f5(unsigned long long x, unsigned long long y) {
+ return (x << 8) | ((y >> 48) & 0xffull);
+}
+unsigned long long f6(unsigned long long x, unsigned long long y, int z) {
+ switch(z) {
+ case 1:
+ return (x << 8) | ((y >> 48) & 0xffull);
+ case 2:
+ return (x << 16) | ((y >> 40) & 0xffffull);
+ case 3:
+ return (x << 24) | ((y >> 32) & 0xffffffull);
+ case 4:
+ return (x << 32) | ((y >> 24) & 0xffffffffull);
+ default:
+ return (x << 40) | ((y >> 16) & 0xffffffffffull);
+ }
+}
+
+On X86-64, we only handle f2/f3/f4 right. On x86-32, a few of these
+generate truly horrible code, instead of using shld and friends. On
+ARM, we end up with calls to L___lshrdi3/L___ashldi3 in f, which is
+badness. PPC64 misses f, f5 and f6. CellSPU aborts in isel.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We do a number of simplifications in simplify libcalls to strength reduce
+standard library functions, but we don't currently merge them together. For
+example, it is useful to merge memcpy(a,b,strlen(b)) -> strcpy. This can only
+be done safely if "b" isn't modified between the strlen and memcpy of course.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Reassociate should turn things like:
+
+int factorial(int X) {
+ return X*X*X*X*X*X*X*X;
+}
+
+into llvm.powi calls, allowing the code generator to produce balanced
+multiplication trees.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We generate a horrible libcall for llvm.powi. For example, we compile:
+
+#include <cmath>
+double f(double a) { return std::pow(a, 4); }
+
+into:
+
+__Z1fd:
+ subl $12, %esp
+ movsd 16(%esp), %xmm0
+ movsd %xmm0, (%esp)
+ movl $4, 8(%esp)
+ call L___powidf2$stub
+ addl $12, %esp
+ ret
+
+GCC produces:
+
+__Z1fd:
+ subl $12, %esp
+ movsd 16(%esp), %xmm0
+ mulsd %xmm0, %xmm0
+ mulsd %xmm0, %xmm0
+ movsd %xmm0, (%esp)
+ fldl (%esp)
+ addl $12, %esp
+ ret
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We compile this program: (from GCC PR11680)
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/attachment.cgi?id=4487
+
+Into code that runs the same speed in fast/slow modes, but both modes run 2x
+slower than when compile with GCC (either 4.0 or 4.2):
+
+$ llvm-g++ perf.cpp -O3 -fno-exceptions
+$ time ./a.out fast
+1.821u 0.003s 0:01.82 100.0% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w
+
+$ g++ perf.cpp -O3 -fno-exceptions
+$ time ./a.out fast
+0.821u 0.001s 0:00.82 100.0% 0+0k 0+0io 0pf+0w
+
+It looks like we are making the same inlining decisions, so this may be raw
+codegen badness or something else (haven't investigated).
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+We miss some instcombines for stuff like this:
+void bar (void);
+void foo (unsigned int a) {
+ /* This one is equivalent to a >= (3 << 2). */
+ if ((a >> 2) >= 3)
+ bar ();
+}
+
+A few other related ones are in GCC PR14753.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Divisibility by constant can be simplified (according to GCC PR12849) from
+being a mulhi to being a mul lo (cheaper). Testcase:
+
+void bar(unsigned n) {
+ if (n % 3 == 0)
+ true();
+}
+
+I think this basically amounts to a dag combine to simplify comparisons against
+multiply hi's into a comparison against the mullo.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Better mod/ref analysis for scanf would allow us to eliminate the vtable and a
+bunch of other stuff from this example (see PR1604):
+
+#include <cstdio>
+struct test {
+ int val;
+ virtual ~test() {}
+};
+
+int main() {
+ test t;
+ std::scanf("%d", &t.val);
+ std::printf("%d\n", t.val);
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Instcombine will merge comparisons like (x >= 10) && (x < 20) by producing (x -
+10) u< 10, but only when the comparisons have matching sign.
+
+This could be converted with a similiar technique. (PR1941)
+
+define i1 @test(i8 %x) {
+ %A = icmp uge i8 %x, 5
+ %B = icmp slt i8 %x, 20
+ %C = and i1 %A, %B
+ ret i1 %C
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+These functions perform the same computation, but produce different assembly.
+
+define i8 @select(i8 %x) readnone nounwind {
+ %A = icmp ult i8 %x, 250
+ %B = select i1 %A, i8 0, i8 1
+ ret i8 %B
+}
+
+define i8 @addshr(i8 %x) readnone nounwind {
+ %A = zext i8 %x to i9
+ %B = add i9 %A, 6 ;; 256 - 250 == 6
+ %C = lshr i9 %B, 8
+ %D = trunc i9 %C to i8
+ ret i8 %D
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From gcc bug 24696:
+int
+f (unsigned long a, unsigned long b, unsigned long c)
+{
+ return ((a & (c - 1)) != 0) || ((b & (c - 1)) != 0);
+}
+int
+f (unsigned long a, unsigned long b, unsigned long c)
+{
+ return ((a & (c - 1)) != 0) | ((b & (c - 1)) != 0);
+}
+Both should combine to ((a|b) & (c-1)) != 0. Currently not optimized with
+"clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 20192:
+#define PMD_MASK (~((1UL << 23) - 1))
+void clear_pmd_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
+{
+ if (!(start & ~PMD_MASK) && !(end & ~PMD_MASK))
+ f();
+}
+The expression should optimize to something like
+"!((start|end)&~PMD_MASK). Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 15241:
+unsigned int
+foo (unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
+{
+ if (a <= 7 && b <= 7)
+ baz ();
+}
+Should combine to "(a|b) <= 7". Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 3756:
+int
+pn (int n)
+{
+ return (n >= 0 ? 1 : -1);
+}
+Should combine to (n >> 31) | 1. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts | llc".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 28685:
+int test(int a, int b)
+{
+ int lt = a < b;
+ int eq = a == b;
+
+ return (lt || eq);
+}
+Should combine to "a <= b". Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts | llc".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+void a(int variable)
+{
+ if (variable == 4 || variable == 6)
+ bar();
+}
+This should optimize to "if ((variable | 2) == 6)". Currently not
+optimized with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts | llc".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+unsigned int f(unsigned int i, unsigned int n) {++i; if (i == n) ++i; return
+i;}
+unsigned int f2(unsigned int i, unsigned int n) {++i; i += i == n; return i;}
+These should combine to the same thing. Currently, the first function
+produces better code on X86.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 15784:
+#define abs(x) x>0?x:-x
+int f(int x, int y)
+{
+ return (abs(x)) >= 0;
+}
+This should optimize to x == INT_MIN. (With -fwrapv.) Currently not
+optimized with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 14753:
+void
+rotate_cst (unsigned int a)
+{
+ a = (a << 10) | (a >> 22);
+ if (a == 123)
+ bar ();
+}
+void
+minus_cst (unsigned int a)
+{
+ unsigned int tem;
+
+ tem = 20 - a;
+ if (tem == 5)
+ bar ();
+}
+void
+mask_gt (unsigned int a)
+{
+ /* This is equivalent to a > 15. */
+ if ((a & ~7) > 8)
+ bar ();
+}
+void
+rshift_gt (unsigned int a)
+{
+ /* This is equivalent to a > 23. */
+ if ((a >> 2) > 5)
+ bar ();
+}
+All should simplify to a single comparison. All of these are
+currently not optimized with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt
+-std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+From GCC Bug 32605:
+int c(int* x) {return (char*)x+2 == (char*)x;}
+Should combine to 0. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts" (although llc can optimize it).
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(unsigned char* b) {return *b > 99;}
+There's an unnecessary zext in the generated code with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(unsigned b) {return ((b << 31) | (b << 30)) >> 31;}
+Should be combined to "((b >> 1) | b) & 1". Currently not optimized
+with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+unsigned a(unsigned x, unsigned y) { return x | (y & 1) | (y & 2);}
+Should combine to "x | (y & 3)". Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+unsigned a(unsigned a) {return ((a | 1) & 3) | (a & -4);}
+Should combine to "a | 1". Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int a, int b, int c) {return (~a & c) | ((c|a) & b);}
+Should fold to "(~a & c) | (a & b)". Currently not optimized with
+"clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int a,int b) {return (~(a|b))|a;}
+Should fold to "a|~b". Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int a, int b) {return (a&&b) || (a&&!b);}
+Should fold to "a". Currently not optimized with "clang -emit-llvm-bc
+| opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int a, int b, int c) {return (a&&b) || (!a&&c);}
+Should fold to "a ? b : c", or at least something sane. Currently not
+optimized with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int a, int b, int c) {return (a&&b) || (a&&c) || (a&&b&&c);}
+Should fold to a && (b || c). Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int x) {return x | ((x & 8) ^ 8);}
+Should combine to x | 8. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int x) {return x ^ ((x & 8) ^ 8);}
+Should also combine to x | 8. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int x) {return (x & 8) == 0 ? -1 : -9;}
+Should combine to (x | -9) ^ 8. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int x) {return (x & 8) == 0 ? -9 : -1;}
+Should combine to x | -9. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+int a(int x) {return ((x | -9) ^ 8) & x;}
+Should combine to x & -9. Currently not optimized with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+unsigned a(unsigned a) {return a * 0x11111111 >> 28 & 1;}
+Should combine to "a * 0x88888888 >> 31". Currently not optimized
+with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+unsigned a(char* x) {if ((*x & 32) == 0) return b();}
+There's an unnecessary zext in the generated code with "clang
+-emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+unsigned a(unsigned long long x) {return 40 * (x >> 1);}
+Should combine to "20 * (((unsigned)x) & -2)". Currently not
+optimized with "clang -emit-llvm-bc | opt -std-compile-opts".
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+This was noticed in the entryblock for grokdeclarator in 403.gcc:
+
+ %tmp = icmp eq i32 %decl_context, 4
+ %decl_context_addr.0 = select i1 %tmp, i32 3, i32 %decl_context
+ %tmp1 = icmp eq i32 %decl_context_addr.0, 1
+ %decl_context_addr.1 = select i1 %tmp1, i32 0, i32 %decl_context_addr.0
+
+tmp1 should be simplified to something like:
+ (!tmp || decl_context == 1)
+
+This allows recursive simplifications, tmp1 is used all over the place in
+the function, e.g. by:
+
+ %tmp23 = icmp eq i32 %decl_context_addr.1, 0 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ %tmp24 = xor i1 %tmp1, true ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ %or.cond8 = and i1 %tmp23, %tmp24 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+
+later.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Store sinking: This code:
+
+void f (int n, int *cond, int *res) {
+ int i;
+ *res = 0;
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ if (*cond)
+ *res ^= 234; /* (*) */
+}
+
+On this function GVN hoists the fully redundant value of *res, but nothing
+moves the store out. This gives us this code:
+
+bb: ; preds = %bb2, %entry
+ %.rle = phi i32 [ 0, %entry ], [ %.rle6, %bb2 ]
+ %i.05 = phi i32 [ 0, %entry ], [ %indvar.next, %bb2 ]
+ %1 = load i32* %cond, align 4
+ %2 = icmp eq i32 %1, 0
+ br i1 %2, label %bb2, label %bb1
+
+bb1: ; preds = %bb
+ %3 = xor i32 %.rle, 234
+ store i32 %3, i32* %res, align 4
+ br label %bb2
+
+bb2: ; preds = %bb, %bb1
+ %.rle6 = phi i32 [ %3, %bb1 ], [ %.rle, %bb ]
+ %indvar.next = add i32 %i.05, 1
+ %exitcond = icmp eq i32 %indvar.next, %n
+ br i1 %exitcond, label %return, label %bb
+
+DSE should sink partially dead stores to get the store out of the loop.
+
+Here's another partial dead case:
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=12395
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Scalar PRE hoists the mul in the common block up to the else:
+
+int test (int a, int b, int c, int g) {
+ int d, e;
+ if (a)
+ d = b * c;
+ else
+ d = b - c;
+ e = b * c + g;
+ return d + e;
+}
+
+It would be better to do the mul once to reduce codesize above the if.
+This is GCC PR38204.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+GCC PR37810 is an interesting case where we should sink load/store reload
+into the if block and outside the loop, so we don't reload/store it on the
+non-call path.
+
+for () {
+ *P += 1;
+ if ()
+ call();
+ else
+ ...
+->
+tmp = *P
+for () {
+ tmp += 1;
+ if () {
+ *P = tmp;
+ call();
+ tmp = *P;
+ } else ...
+}
+*P = tmp;
+
+We now hoist the reload after the call (Transforms/GVN/lpre-call-wrap.ll), but
+we don't sink the store. We need partially dead store sinking.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+[PHI TRANSLATE GEPs]
+
+GCC PR37166: Sinking of loads prevents SROA'ing the "g" struct on the stack
+leading to excess stack traffic. This could be handled by GVN with some crazy
+symbolic phi translation. The code we get looks like (g is on the stack):
+
+bb2: ; preds = %bb1
+..
+ %9 = getelementptr %struct.f* %g, i32 0, i32 0
+ store i32 %8, i32* %9, align bel %bb3
+
+bb3: ; preds = %bb1, %bb2, %bb
+ %c_addr.0 = phi %struct.f* [ %g, %bb2 ], [ %c, %bb ], [ %c, %bb1 ]
+ %b_addr.0 = phi %struct.f* [ %b, %bb2 ], [ %g, %bb ], [ %b, %bb1 ]
+ %10 = getelementptr %struct.f* %c_addr.0, i32 0, i32 0
+ %11 = load i32* %10, align 4
+
+%11 is fully redundant, an in BB2 it should have the value %8.
+
+GCC PR33344 is a similar case.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+There are many load PRE testcases in testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/loadpre* in the
+GCC testsuite. There are many pre testcases as ssa-pre-*.c
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+There are some interesting cases in testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/pred-comm* in the
+GCC testsuite. For example, predcom-1.c is:
+
+ for (i = 2; i < 1000; i++)
+ fib[i] = (fib[i-1] + fib[i - 2]) & 0xffff;
+
+which compiles into:
+
+bb1: ; preds = %bb1, %bb1.thread
+ %indvar = phi i32 [ 0, %bb1.thread ], [ %0, %bb1 ]
+ %i.0.reg2mem.0 = add i32 %indvar, 2
+ %0 = add i32 %indvar, 1 ; <i32> [#uses=3]
+ %1 = getelementptr [1000 x i32]* @fib, i32 0, i32 %0
+ %2 = load i32* %1, align 4 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %3 = getelementptr [1000 x i32]* @fib, i32 0, i32 %indvar
+ %4 = load i32* %3, align 4 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %5 = add i32 %4, %2 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %6 = and i32 %5, 65535 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %7 = getelementptr [1000 x i32]* @fib, i32 0, i32 %i.0.reg2mem.0
+ store i32 %6, i32* %7, align 4
+ %exitcond = icmp eq i32 %0, 998 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ br i1 %exitcond, label %return, label %bb1
+
+This is basically:
+ LOAD fib[i+1]
+ LOAD fib[i]
+ STORE fib[i+2]
+
+instead of handling this as a loop or other xform, all we'd need to do is teach
+load PRE to phi translate the %0 add (i+1) into the predecessor as (i'+1+1) =
+(i'+2) (where i' is the previous iteration of i). This would find the store
+which feeds it.
+
+predcom-2.c is apparently the same as predcom-1.c
+predcom-3.c is very similar but needs loads feeding each other instead of
+store->load.
+predcom-4.c seems the same as the rest.
+
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Other simple load PRE cases:
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=35287 [LPRE crit edge splitting]
+
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=34677 (licm does this, LPRE crit edge)
+ llvm-gcc t2.c -S -o - -O0 -emit-llvm | llvm-as | opt -mem2reg -simplifycfg -gvn | llvm-dis
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Type based alias analysis:
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=14705
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+When GVN/PRE finds a store of float* to a must aliases pointer when expecting
+an int*, it should turn it into a bitcast. This is a nice generalization of
+the SROA hack that would apply to other cases, e.g.:
+
+int foo(int C, int *P, float X) {
+ if (C) {
+ bar();
+ *P = 42;
+ } else
+ *(float*)P = X;
+
+ return *P;
+}
+
+
+One example (that requires crazy phi translation) is:
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=16799 [BITCAST PHI TRANS]
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+A/B get pinned to the stack because we turn an if/then into a select instead
+of PRE'ing the load/store. This may be fixable in instcombine:
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=37892
+
+
+
+Interesting missed case because of control flow flattening (should be 2 loads):
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=26629
+With: llvm-gcc t2.c -S -o - -O0 -emit-llvm | llvm-as |
+ opt -mem2reg -gvn -instcombine | llvm-dis
+we miss it because we need 1) GEP PHI TRAN, 2) CRIT EDGE 3) MULTIPLE DIFFERENT
+VALS PRODUCED BY ONE BLOCK OVER DIFFERENT PATHS
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19633
+We could eliminate the branch condition here, loading from null is undefined:
+
+struct S { int w, x, y, z; };
+struct T { int r; struct S s; };
+void bar (struct S, int);
+void foo (int a, struct T b)
+{
+ struct S *c = 0;
+ if (a)
+ c = &b.s;
+ bar (*c, a);
+}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+simplifylibcalls should do several optimizations for strspn/strcspn:
+
+strcspn(x, "") -> strlen(x)
+strcspn("", x) -> 0
+strspn("", x) -> 0
+strspn(x, "") -> strlen(x)
+strspn(x, "a") -> strchr(x, 'a')-x
+
+strcspn(x, "a") -> inlined loop for up to 3 letters (similarly for strspn):
+
+size_t __strcspn_c3 (__const char *__s, int __reject1, int __reject2,
+ int __reject3) {
+ register size_t __result = 0;
+ while (__s[__result] != '\0' && __s[__result] != __reject1 &&
+ __s[__result] != __reject2 && __s[__result] != __reject3)
+ ++__result;
+ return __result;
+}
+
+This should turn into a switch on the character. See PR3253 for some notes on
+codegen.
+
+456.hmmer apparently uses strcspn and strspn a lot. 471.omnetpp uses strspn.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+"gas" uses this idiom:
+ else if (strchr ("+-/*%|&^:[]()~", *intel_parser.op_string))
+..
+ else if (strchr ("<>", *intel_parser.op_string)
+
+Those should be turned into a switch.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+252.eon contains this interesting code:
+
+ %3072 = getelementptr [100 x i8]* %tempString, i32 0, i32 0
+ %3073 = call i8* @strcpy(i8* %3072, i8* %3071) nounwind
+ %strlen = call i32 @strlen(i8* %3072) ; uses = 1
+ %endptr = getelementptr [100 x i8]* %tempString, i32 0, i32 %strlen
+ call void @llvm.memcpy.i32(i8* %endptr,
+ i8* getelementptr ([5 x i8]* @"\01LC42", i32 0, i32 0), i32 5, i32 1)
+ %3074 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %endptr) nounwind readonly
+
+This is interesting for a couple reasons. First, in this:
+
+ %3073 = call i8* @strcpy(i8* %3072, i8* %3071) nounwind
+ %strlen = call i32 @strlen(i8* %3072)
+
+The strlen could be replaced with: %strlen = sub %3072, %3073, because the
+strcpy call returns a pointer to the end of the string. Based on that, the
+endptr GEP just becomes equal to 3073, which eliminates a strlen call and GEP.
+
+Second, the memcpy+strlen strlen can be replaced with:
+
+ %3074 = call i32 @strlen([5 x i8]* @"\01LC42") nounwind readonly
+
+Because the destination was just copied into the specified memory buffer. This,
+in turn, can be constant folded to "4".
+
+In other code, it contains:
+
+ %endptr6978 = bitcast i8* %endptr69 to i32*
+ store i32 7107374, i32* %endptr6978, align 1
+ %3167 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %endptr69) nounwind readonly
+
+Which could also be constant folded. Whatever is producing this should probably
+be fixed to leave this as a memcpy from a string.
+
+Further, eon also has an interesting partially redundant strlen call:
+
+bb8: ; preds = %_ZN18eonImageCalculatorC1Ev.exit
+ %682 = getelementptr i8** %argv, i32 6 ; <i8**> [#uses=2]
+ %683 = load i8** %682, align 4 ; <i8*> [#uses=4]
+ %684 = load i8* %683, align 1 ; <i8> [#uses=1]
+ %685 = icmp eq i8 %684, 0 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ br i1 %685, label %bb10, label %bb9
+
+bb9: ; preds = %bb8
+ %686 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %683) nounwind readonly
+ %687 = icmp ugt i32 %686, 254 ; <i1> [#uses=1]
+ br i1 %687, label %bb10, label %bb11
+
+bb10: ; preds = %bb9, %bb8
+ %688 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %683) nounwind readonly
+
+This could be eliminated by doing the strlen once in bb8, saving code size and
+improving perf on the bb8->9->10 path.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+I see an interesting fully redundant call to strlen left in 186.crafty:InputMove
+which looks like:
+ %movetext11 = getelementptr [128 x i8]* %movetext, i32 0, i32 0
+
+
+bb62: ; preds = %bb55, %bb53
+ %promote.0 = phi i32 [ %169, %bb55 ], [ 0, %bb53 ]
+ %171 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %movetext11) nounwind readonly align 1
+ %172 = add i32 %171, -1 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+ %173 = getelementptr [128 x i8]* %movetext, i32 0, i32 %172
+
+... no stores ...
+ br i1 %or.cond, label %bb65, label %bb72
+
+bb65: ; preds = %bb62
+ store i8 0, i8* %173, align 1
+ br label %bb72
+
+bb72: ; preds = %bb65, %bb62
+ %trank.1 = phi i32 [ %176, %bb65 ], [ -1, %bb62 ]
+ %177 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %movetext11) nounwind readonly align 1
+
+Note that on the bb62->bb72 path, that the %177 strlen call is partially
+redundant with the %171 call. At worst, we could shove the %177 strlen call
+up into the bb65 block moving it out of the bb62->bb72 path. However, note
+that bb65 stores to the string, zeroing out the last byte. This means that on
+that path the value of %177 is actually just %171-1. A sub is cheaper than a
+strlen!
+
+This pattern repeats several times, basically doing:
+
+ A = strlen(P);
+ P[A-1] = 0;
+ B = strlen(P);
+ where it is "obvious" that B = A-1.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+186.crafty contains this interesting pattern:
+
+%77 = call i8* @strstr(i8* getelementptr ([6 x i8]* @"\01LC5", i32 0, i32 0),
+ i8* %30)
+%phitmp648 = icmp eq i8* %77, getelementptr ([6 x i8]* @"\01LC5", i32 0, i32 0)
+br i1 %phitmp648, label %bb70, label %bb76
+
+bb70: ; preds = %OptionMatch.exit91, %bb69
+ %78 = call i32 @strlen(i8* %30) nounwind readonly align 1 ; <i32> [#uses=1]
+
+This is basically:
+ cststr = "abcdef";
+ if (strstr(cststr, P) == cststr) {
+ x = strlen(P);
+ ...
+
+The strstr call would be significantly cheaper written as:
+
+cststr = "abcdef";
+if (memcmp(P, str, strlen(P)))
+ x = strlen(P);
+
+This is memcmp+strlen instead of strstr. This also makes the strlen fully
+redundant.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+186.crafty also contains this code:
+
+%1906 = call i32 @strlen(i8* getelementptr ([32 x i8]* @pgn_event, i32 0,i32 0))
+%1907 = getelementptr [32 x i8]* @pgn_event, i32 0, i32 %1906
+%1908 = call i8* @strcpy(i8* %1907, i8* %1905) nounwind align 1
+%1909 = call i32 @strlen(i8* getelementptr ([32 x i8]* @pgn_event, i32 0,i32 0))
+%1910 = getelementptr [32 x i8]* @pgn_event, i32 0, i32 %1909
+
+The last strlen is computable as 1908-@pgn_event, which means 1910=1908.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+186.crafty has this interesting pattern with the "out.4543" variable:
+
+call void @llvm.memcpy.i32(
+ i8* getelementptr ([10 x i8]* @out.4543, i32 0, i32 0),
+ i8* getelementptr ([7 x i8]* @"\01LC28700", i32 0, i32 0), i32 7, i32 1)
+%101 = call@printf(i8* ... @out.4543, i32 0, i32 0)) nounwind
+
+It is basically doing:
+
+ memcpy(globalarray, "string");
+ printf(..., globalarray);
+
+Anyway, by knowing that printf just reads the memory and forward substituting
+the string directly into the printf, this eliminates reads from globalarray.
+Since this pattern occurs frequently in crafty (due to the "DisplayTime" and
+other similar functions) there are many stores to "out". Once all the printfs
+stop using "out", all that is left is the memcpy's into it. This should allow
+globalopt to remove the "stored only" global.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+This code:
+
+define inreg i32 @foo(i8* inreg %p) nounwind {
+ %tmp0 = load i8* %p
+ %tmp1 = ashr i8 %tmp0, 5
+ %tmp2 = sext i8 %tmp1 to i32
+ ret i32 %tmp2
+}
+
+could be dagcombine'd to a sign-extending load with a shift.
+For example, on x86 this currently gets this:
+
+ movb (%eax), %al
+ sarb $5, %al
+ movsbl %al, %eax
+
+while it could get this:
+
+ movsbl (%eax), %eax
+ sarl $5, %eax
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+GCC PR31029:
+
+int test(int x) { return 1-x == x; } // --> return false
+int test2(int x) { return 2-x == x; } // --> return x == 1 ?
+
+Always foldable for odd constants, what is the rule for even?
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+PR 3381: GEP to field of size 0 inside a struct could be turned into GEP
+for next field in struct (which is at same address).
+
+For example: store of float into { {{}}, float } could be turned into a store to
+the float directly.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include <math.h>
+double foo(double a) { return sin(a); }
+
+This compiles into this on x86-64 Linux:
+foo:
+ subq $8, %rsp
+ call sin
+ addq $8, %rsp
+ ret
+vs:
+
+foo:
+ jmp sin
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The arg promotion pass should make use of nocapture to make its alias analysis
+stuff much more precise.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+The following functions should be optimized to use a select instead of a
+branch (from gcc PR40072):
+
+char char_int(int m) {if(m>7) return 0; return m;}
+int int_char(char m) {if(m>7) return 0; return m;}
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+Instcombine should replace the load with a constant in:
+
+ static const char x[4] = {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'};
+
+ unsigned int y(void) {
+ return *(unsigned int *)x;
+ }
+
+It currently only does this transformation when the size of the constant
+is the same as the size of the integer (so, try x[5]) and the last byte
+is a null (making it a C string). There's no need for these restrictions.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+InstCombine's "turn load from constant into constant" optimization should be
+more aggressive in the presence of bitcasts. For example, because of unions,
+this code:
+
+union vec2d {
+ double e[2];
+ double v __attribute__((vector_size(16)));
+};
+typedef union vec2d vec2d;
+
+static vec2d a={{1,2}}, b={{3,4}};
+
+vec2d foo () {
+ return (vec2d){ .v = a.v + b.v * (vec2d){{5,5}}.v };
+}
+
+Compiles into:
+
+@a = internal constant %0 { [2 x double]
+ [double 1.000000e+00, double 2.000000e+00] }, align 16
+@b = internal constant %0 { [2 x double]
+ [double 3.000000e+00, double 4.000000e+00] }, align 16
+...
+define void @foo(%struct.vec2d* noalias nocapture sret %agg.result) nounwind {
+entry:
+ %0 = load <2 x double>* getelementptr (%struct.vec2d*
+ bitcast (%0* @a to %struct.vec2d*), i32 0, i32 0), align 16
+ %1 = load <2 x double>* getelementptr (%struct.vec2d*
+ bitcast (%0* @b to %struct.vec2d*), i32 0, i32 0), align 16
+
+
+Instcombine should be able to optimize away the loads (and thus the globals).
+
+See also PR4973
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+I saw this constant expression in real code after llvm-g++ -O2:
+
+declare extern_weak i32 @0(i64)
+
+define void @foo() {
+ br i1 icmp eq (i32 zext (i1 icmp ne (i32 (i64)* @0, i32 (i64)* null) to i32),
+i32 0), label %cond_true, label %cond_false
+cond_true:
+ ret void
+cond_false:
+ ret void
+}
+
+That branch expression should be reduced to:
+
+ i1 icmp eq (i32 (i64)* @0, i32 (i64)* null)
+
+It's probably not a perf issue, I just happened to see it while examining
+something else and didn't want to forget about it.
+
+//===---------------------------------------------------------------------===//