fix memory corruption errors and replace mallocs with calloc.
[IRC.git] / Robust / src / Runtime / DSTM / interface / trans.c
index a04aa4e5d7ba70216b07579c7662b1e4dcc6f2c3..419ed321924828f28897955ef6cbf4d6ca41f19b 100644 (file)
 #include "dstm.h"
+#include "ip.h"
 #include "clookup.h"
+#include "machinepile.h"
 #include "mlookup.h"
 #include "llookup.h"
 #include "plookup.h"
-#include<pthread.h>
-#include<sys/types.h>
-#include<sys/socket.h>
-#include<netdb.h>
-#include<netinet/in.h>
+#include "prelookup.h"
+#include "threadnotify.h"
+#include "queue.h"
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #define LISTEN_PORT 2156
-#define MACHINE_IP "127.0.0.1"
 #define RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE 2048
+#define NUM_THREADS 10
+#define PREFETCH_CACHE_SIZE 1048576 //1MB
+#define CONFIG_FILENAME "dstm.conf"
 
+/* Global Variables */
 extern int classsize[];
+extern primarypfq_t pqueue; //Shared prefetch queue
+extern mcpileq_t mcqueue;  //Shared queue containing prefetch requests sorted by remote machineids 
+objstr_t *prefetchcache; //Global Prefetch cache
+pthread_mutex_t prefetchcache_mutex;// Mutex to lock Prefetch Cache
+pthread_mutexattr_t prefetchcache_mutex_attr; /* Attribute for lock to make it a recursive lock */
+extern pthread_mutex_t mainobjstore_mutex;// Mutex to lock main Object store
+extern prehashtable_t pflookup; //Global Prefetch cache's lookup table
+pthread_t wthreads[NUM_THREADS]; //Worker threads for working on the prefetch queue
+pthread_t tPrefetch;           /* Primary Prefetch thread that processes the prefetch queue */
+extern objstr_t *mainobjstore;
+unsigned int myIpAddr;
+unsigned int *hostIpAddrs;
+int sizeOfHostArray;
+int numHostsInSystem;
+int myIndexInHostArray;
+unsigned int oidsPerBlock;
+unsigned int oidMin;
+unsigned int oidMax;
 
+void printhex(unsigned char *, int);
+plistnode_t *createPiles(transrecord_t *);
+
+void printhex(unsigned char *ptr, int numBytes)
+{
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < numBytes; i++)
+       {
+               if (ptr[i] < 16)
+                       printf("0%x ", ptr[i]);
+               else
+                       printf("%x ", ptr[i]);
+       }
+       printf("\n");
+       return;
+}
+
+inline int arrayLength(int *array) {
+       int i;
+       for(i=0 ;array[i] != -1; i++)
+               ;
+       return i;
+}
+inline int findmax(int *array, int arraylength) {
+       int max, i;
+       max = array[0];
+       for(i = 0; i < arraylength; i++){
+               if(array[i] > max) {
+                       max = array[i];
+               }
+       }
+       return max;
+}
+/* This function is a prefetch call generated by the compiler that
+ * populates the shared primary prefetch queue*/
+void prefetch(int ntuples, unsigned int *oids, unsigned short *endoffsets, short *arrayfields) {
+       int qnodesize;
+       int len = 0;
+       int i;
+
+       /* Allocate for the queue node*/
+       char *node;
+       if(ntuples > 0) {
+               qnodesize = sizeof(prefetchqelem_t) + sizeof(int) + ntuples * (sizeof(short) + sizeof(unsigned int)) + endoffsets[ntuples - 1] * sizeof(short); 
+               if((node = calloc(1, qnodesize)) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Calloc Error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return;
+               }
+               /* Set queue node values */
+               len = sizeof(prefetchqelem_t);
+               memcpy(node + len, &ntuples, sizeof(int));
+               len += sizeof(int);
+               memcpy(node + len, oids, ntuples*sizeof(unsigned int));
+               len += ntuples * sizeof(unsigned int);
+               memcpy(node + len, endoffsets, ntuples*sizeof(short));
+               len += ntuples * sizeof(short);
+               memcpy(node + len, arrayfields, endoffsets[ntuples-1]*sizeof(short));
+
+               /* Lock and insert into primary prefetch queue */
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&pqueue.qlock);
+               pre_enqueue((prefetchqelem_t *)node);
+               pthread_cond_signal(&pqueue.qcond);
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&pqueue.qlock);
+       }
+}
+
+/* This function starts up the transaction runtime. */
+int dstmStartup(const char * option) {
+  pthread_t thread_Listen;
+  pthread_attr_t attr;
+  int master=option!=NULL && strcmp(option, "master")==0;
+
+       if (processConfigFile() != 0)
+               return 0; //TODO: return error value, cause main program to exit
+
+  dstmInit();
+  transInit();
+
+  if (master) {
+    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
+    pthread_create(&thread_Listen, &attr, dstmListen, NULL);
+    return 1;
+  } else {
+    dstmListen();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+}
+
+//TODO Use this later
+void *pCacheAlloc(objstr_t *store, unsigned int size) {
+       void *tmp;
+       objstr_t *ptr;
+       ptr = store;
+       int success = 0;
+
+       while(ptr->next != NULL) {
+               /* check if store is empty */
+               if(((unsigned int)ptr->top - (unsigned int)ptr - sizeof(objstr_t) + size) <= ptr->size) {
+                       tmp = ptr->top;
+                       ptr->top += size;
+                       success = 1;
+                       return tmp;
+               } else {
+                       ptr = ptr-> next;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if(success == 0) {
+               return NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+/* This function initiates the prefetch thread
+ * A queue is shared between the main thread of execution
+ * and the prefetch thread to process the prefetch call
+ * Call from compiler populates the shared queue with prefetch requests while prefetch thread
+ * processes the prefetch requests */
+void transInit() {
+       int t, rc;
+       int retval;
+       //Create and initialize prefetch cache structure
+       prefetchcache = objstrCreate(PREFETCH_CACHE_SIZE);
+       //prefetchcache->next = objstrCreate(PREFETCH_CACHE_SIZE);
+       //prefetchcache->next->next = objstrCreate(PREFETCH_CACHE_SIZE);
+
+       /* Initialize attributes for mutex */
+       pthread_mutexattr_init(&prefetchcache_mutex_attr);
+       pthread_mutexattr_settype(&prefetchcache_mutex_attr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP);
+       
+       pthread_mutex_init(&prefetchcache_mutex, &prefetchcache_mutex_attr);
+
+       //Create prefetch cache lookup table
+       if(prehashCreate(HASH_SIZE, LOADFACTOR))
+               return; //Failure
+       //Initialize primary shared queue
+       queueInit();
+       //Initialize machine pile w/prefetch oids and offsets shared queue
+       mcpileqInit();
+       //Create the primary prefetch thread 
+       
+       do {
+         retval=pthread_create(&tPrefetch, NULL, transPrefetch, NULL);
+       } while(retval!=0);
+
+       pthread_detach(tPrefetch);
+
+       //Create and Initialize a pool of threads 
+       /* Threads are active for the entire period runtime is running */
+       for(t = 0; t< NUM_THREADS; t++) {
+         do {
+               rc = pthread_create(&wthreads[t], NULL, mcqProcess, (void *)t);
+         } while(rc!=0);
+         pthread_detach(wthreads[t]);
+       }
+}
+
+/* This function stops the threads spawned */
+void transExit() {
+       int t;
+       pthread_cancel(tPrefetch);
+       for(t = 0; t < NUM_THREADS; t++)
+               pthread_cancel(wthreads[t]);
+
+       return;
+}
+
+/* This functions inserts randowm wait delays in the order of msec
+ * Mostly used when transaction commits retry*/
+void randomdelay()
+{
+       struct timespec req;
+       time_t t;
+
+       t = time(NULL);
+       req.tv_sec = 0;
+       req.tv_nsec = (long)(1000000 + (t%10000000)); //1-11 msec
+       nanosleep(&req, NULL);
+       return;
+}
+
+/* This function initializes things required in the transaction start*/
 transrecord_t *transStart()
 {
-       transrecord_t *tmp = malloc(sizeof(transrecord_t));
+       transrecord_t *tmp = calloc(1, sizeof(transrecord_t));
        tmp->cache = objstrCreate(1048576);
        tmp->lookupTable = chashCreate(HASH_SIZE, LOADFACTOR);
+#ifdef COMPILER
+       tmp->revertlist=NULL;
+#endif
        return tmp;
 }
 
-objheader_t *transRead(transrecord_t *record, unsigned int oid)
-{      
+/* This function finds the location of the objects involved in a transaction
+ * and returns the pointer to the object if found in a remote location */
+objheader_t *transRead(transrecord_t *record, unsigned int oid) {      
        unsigned int machinenumber;
        objheader_t *tmp, *objheader;
-       void *objcopy;
-       int size;
+       objheader_t *objcopy;
+       int size, rc, found = 0;
        void *buf;
-               //check cache
-       if((objheader =(objheader_t *)chashSearch(record->lookupTable, oid)) != NULL){
-               return(objheader);
+       struct timespec ts;
+       struct timeval tp;
+
+       if(oid == 0) {
+               return NULL;
+       }
+        
+       rc = gettimeofday(&tp, NULL);
+
+       /* 1ms delay */
+       tp.tv_usec += 1000;
+       if (tp.tv_usec >= 1000000)
+       {
+               tp.tv_usec -= 1000000;
+               tp.tv_sec += 1;
+       }
+       /* Convert from timeval to timespec */
+       ts.tv_sec = tp.tv_sec;
+       ts.tv_nsec = tp.tv_usec * 1000;
+
+       /* Search local transaction cache */
+       if((objheader = (objheader_t *)chashSearch(record->lookupTable, oid)) != NULL){
+#ifdef COMPILER
+         return &objheader[1];
+#else
+         return objheader;
+#endif
        } else if ((objheader = (objheader_t *) mhashSearch(oid)) != NULL) {
-               //Look up in Machine lookup table and found
-               printf("oid not found in local cache\n");
-               tmp = mhashSearch(oid);
-               size = sizeof(objheader_t)+classsize[tmp->type];
-               //Copy into cache
+               /* Look up in machine lookup table  and copy  into cache*/
+               GETSIZE(size, objheader);
+               size += sizeof(objheader_t);
+               objcopy = objstrAlloc(record->cache, size);
+               memcpy(objcopy, (void *)objheader, size);
+               /* Insert into cache's lookup table */
+               chashInsert(record->lookupTable, OID(objheader), objcopy); 
+#ifdef COMPILER
+               return &objcopy[1];
+#else
+               return objcopy;
+#endif
+       } else if((tmp = (objheader_t *) prehashSearch(oid)) != NULL) { /* Look up in prefetch cache */
+               GETSIZE(size, tmp);
+               size+=sizeof(objheader_t);
                objcopy = objstrAlloc(record->cache, size);
                memcpy(objcopy, (void *)tmp, size);
-               //Insert into cache's lookup table
-               chashInsert(record->lookupTable, objheader->oid, objcopy); 
-               return(objcopy);
+               /* Insert into cache's lookup table */
+               chashInsert(record->lookupTable, OID(tmp), objcopy); 
+#ifdef COMPILER
+               return &objcopy[1];
+#else
+               return objcopy;
+#endif
        } else {
-               //Get the object from the remote location
-               //printf("oid not found in local machine lookup\n");
+               /*If object not found in prefetch cache then block until object appears in the prefetch cache */
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&pflookup.lock);
+               while(!found) {
+                       rc = pthread_cond_timedwait(&pflookup.cond, &pflookup.lock, &ts);
+                       /* Check Prefetch cache again */
+                       if((tmp =(objheader_t *) prehashSearch(oid)) != NULL) {
+                               found = 1;
+                               GETSIZE(size,tmp);
+                               size+=sizeof(objheader_t);
+                               objcopy = objstrAlloc(record->cache, size);
+                               memcpy(objcopy, (void *)tmp, size);
+                               chashInsert(record->lookupTable, OID(tmp), objcopy); 
+                               pthread_mutex_unlock(&pflookup.lock);
+#ifdef COMPILER
+                               return &objcopy[1];
+#else
+                               return objcopy;
+#endif
+                       } else if (rc == ETIMEDOUT) {
+                                       printf("Wait timed out\n");
+                                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&pflookup.lock);
+                                       break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Get the object from the remote location */
                machinenumber = lhashSearch(oid);
                objcopy = getRemoteObj(record, machinenumber, oid);
-               if(objcopy == NULL)
-                       //If object is not found in Remote location
-                       printf("Object not found in Machine %d\n", machinenumber);
-               else
-                       return(objcopy);
-       } 
+               if(objcopy == NULL) {
+                       printf("Object not found in Remote location %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return NULL;
+               } else {
+#ifdef COMPILER
+                 return &objcopy[1];
+#else
+                 return objcopy;
+#endif
+               }
+       }
 }
 
-objheader_t *transCreateObj(transrecord_t *record, unsigned short type)
+/* This function creates objects in the transaction record */
+objheader_t *transCreateObj(transrecord_t *record, unsigned int size)
 {
-       objheader_t *tmp = (objheader_t *) objstrAlloc(record->cache, (sizeof(objheader_t) + classsize[type]));
-       tmp->oid = getNewOID();
-       tmp->type = type;
-       tmp->version = 1;
-       tmp->rcount = 0; //? not sure how to handle this yet
-       tmp->status = 0;
-       tmp->status |= NEW;
-       chashInsert(record->lookupTable, tmp->oid, tmp);
-       return tmp;
+  objheader_t *tmp = (objheader_t *) objstrAlloc(record->cache, (sizeof(objheader_t) + size));
+  tmp->notifylist = NULL;
+  OID(tmp) = getNewOID();
+  tmp->version = 1;
+  tmp->rcount = 1;
+  STATUS(tmp) = NEW;
+  chashInsert(record->lookupTable, OID(tmp), tmp);
+
+#ifdef COMPILER
+  return &tmp[1]; //want space after object header
+#else
+  return tmp;
+#endif
 }
-//TODO Change the values inside write() to exact size of the message being sent 
-//int decideResponse(thread_data_array_t *tdata, char *control, int sd) {
-int decideResponse(thread_data_array_t *tdata, int sd) {
-       int i, j, n, N, sum, oidcount = 0, transagree = 0, transdisagree = 0, transsoftabort = 0, transmiss = 0;
-       char ctrl, control, *ptr;
-       unsigned int *oidnotfound[tdata->pilecount];
-       objheader_t *header;
 
-       //Check common data structure 
-       for (i = 0 ; i < tdata->pilecount ; i++) {
-               //Switch case
-               control = tdata->recvmsg[i].rcv_status;
-               switch(control) {
-                       case TRANS_DISAGREE:
-                               printf("DEBUG-> Inside TRANS_DISAGREE\n");
-                               transdisagree++;
-                               //Free transaction records
-                               objstrDelete(tdata->rec->cache);
-                               chashDelete(tdata->rec->lookupTable);
-                               free(tdata->rec);
-                               //send Abort
-                               ctrl = TRANS_ABORT;
-                               if (write(sd, &ctrl, sizeof(char)) < 0) {
-                                       perror("Error sending ctrl message for participant\n");
-                                       return 1;
-                               }
-                               break;
-                               
-                       case TRANS_AGREE:
-                               printf("DEBUG-> Inside TRANS_AGREE\n");
-                               transagree++;
-                               break;
-                               
-                       case TRANS_SOFT_ABORT:
-                               printf("DEBUG-> Inside TRANS_SOFT_ABORT\n");
-                               transsoftabort++;
-                               //Read list of objects missing
-                               if(read(sd, &oidcount, sizeof(int)) != 0) {
-                                       if (oidcount == 0) {
-                                               sleep(2);
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                                       N = oidcount * sizeof(unsigned int);
-                                       if((oidnotfound[i] = calloc(oidcount, sizeof(unsigned int))) == NULL) {
-                                               printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-                                       }
-                                       ptr = (char *) oidnotfound[i];
-                                       do {
-                                               n = read(sd, ptr+sum, N-sum);
-                                               sum += n;
-                                       } while(sum < N && n !=0);
-                               }
+/* This function creates machine piles based on all machines involved in a
+ * transaction commit request */
+plistnode_t *createPiles(transrecord_t *record) {
+       int i = 0;
+       unsigned int size;/* Represents number of bins in the chash table */
+       chashlistnode_t *curr, *ptr, *next;
+       plistnode_t *pile = NULL;
+       unsigned int machinenum;
+       void *localmachinenum;
+       objheader_t *headeraddr;
+       
+       ptr = record->lookupTable->table;
+       size = record->lookupTable->size;
+
+       for(i = 0; i < size ; i++) {
+               curr = &ptr[i];
+               /* Inner loop to traverse the linked list of the cache lookupTable */
+               while(curr != NULL) {
+                       //if the first bin in hash table is empty
+                       if(curr->key == 0) {
                                break;
-                               
-                       case TRANS_AGREE_BUT_MISSING_OBJECTS:
-                               printf("DEBUG-> Inside TRANS_AGREE_BUT_MISSING_OBJECTS\n");
-                               transmiss++;
-                               //Read list of objects missing
-                               read(sd, &oidcount, sizeof(int));
-                               N = oidcount * sizeof(unsigned int);
-                               if((oidnotfound[i] = calloc(oidcount, sizeof(unsigned int))) == NULL) {
-                                       printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-                               }
-                               ptr = (char *) oidnotfound[i];
-                               do {
-                                       n = read(sd, ptr+sum, N-sum);
-                                       sum += n;
-                               } while(sum < N && n !=0);
+                       }
+                       next = curr->next;
+
+                       if ((headeraddr = chashSearch(record->lookupTable, curr->key)) == NULL) {
+                               printf("Error: No such oid %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
 
+                       //Get machine location for object id (and whether local or not)
+                       if (STATUS(headeraddr) & NEW || mhashSearch(curr->key) != NULL) {
+                               machinenum = myIpAddr;
+                       } else  if ((machinenum = lhashSearch(curr->key)) == 0) {
+                               printf("Error: No such machine %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
 
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               printf("Participant sent unknown message\n");
-               }
-       }
-       
-       //For Debug purposes 
-       for(i=0 ; i< tdata->pilecount; i++) {
-               for(j=0 ; j < oidcount; j++) {
-                       printf("DEBUG-> Oid %d missing for pilecount: %d\n", oidnotfound[j], i+1);
+                       //Make machine groups
+                       if ((pile = pInsert(pile, headeraddr, machinenum, record->lookupTable->numelements)) == NULL) {
+                               printf("pInsert error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+
+                       curr = next;
                }
        }
+       return pile; 
+}
+
+/* This function initiates the transaction commit process
+ * Spawns threads for each of the new connections with Participants 
+ * and creates new piles by calling the createPiles(), 
+ * Sends a transrequest() to each remote machines for objects found remotely 
+ * and calls handleLocalReq() to process objects found locally */
+int transCommit(transrecord_t *record) {       
+       unsigned int tot_bytes_mod, *listmid;
+       plistnode_t *pile, *pile_ptr;
+       int i, j, rc, val;
+       int pilecount, offset, threadnum, trecvcount;
+       char buffer[RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE],control;
+       char transid[TID_LEN];
+       trans_req_data_t *tosend;
+       trans_commit_data_t transinfo;
+       static int newtid = 0;
+       char treplyctrl = 0, treplyretry = 0; /* keeps track of the common response that needs to be sent */
+       char localstat = 0;
+
+       do {
+               trecvcount = 0;
+               threadnum = 0;
+               treplyretry = 0;
+
+               /* Look through all the objects in the transaction record and make piles 
+                * for each machine involved in the transaction*/
+               pile_ptr = pile = createPiles(record);
+
+               /* Create the packet to be sent in TRANS_REQUEST */
+
+               /* Count the number of participants */
+               pilecount = pCount(pile);
 
-       //Decide what control message to send to Participant    
-       if(transagree == tdata->pilecount){
-               //Send Commit
-               ctrl = TRANS_COMMIT;
-               printf("Sending TRANS_COMMIT\n");
-               if (write(sd, &ctrl, sizeof(char)) < 0) {
-                       perror("Error sending ctrl message for participant\n");
+               /* Create a list of machine ids(Participants) involved in transaction   */
+               if((listmid = calloc(pilecount, sizeof(unsigned int))) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       //free(record);
                        return 1;
-               }
-       }
+               }               
+               pListMid(pile, listmid);
 
-       if(transsoftabort > 0 && transdisagree == 0) {
-               //Send abort but retry commit
-               ctrl = TRANS_ABORT_BUT_RETRY_COMMIT;
-               printf("Sending TRANS_ABORT_BUT_RETRY_COMMIT\n");
-               if (write(sd, &ctrl, sizeof(char)) < 0) {
-                       perror("Error sending ctrl message for participant\n");
+
+               /* Initialize thread variables,
+                * Spawn a thread for each Participant involved in a transaction */
+               pthread_t thread[pilecount];
+               pthread_attr_t attr;                    
+               pthread_cond_t tcond;
+               pthread_mutex_t tlock;
+               pthread_mutex_t tlshrd;
+
+               thread_data_array_t *thread_data_array;
+               if((thread_data_array = (thread_data_array_t *) calloc(pilecount, sizeof(thread_data_array_t))) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Malloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+                       pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+                       pDelete(pile_ptr);
+                       free(listmid);
+                       //free(record);
                        return 1;
                }
-               //TODO
-               //Relookup all missing objects
-               //set up a new connection readClientReq()
-               //rebuilt the pile and llookup table
-               //i.e. wait at the participant end and then resend either agree or disagree
-       }
-       if(transmiss > 0 && transsoftabort == 0 && transdisagree == 0) {
-               //Send abort but retry commit
-               ctrl = TRANS_ABORT_BUT_RETRY_COMMIT_WITH_RELOCATING;
-               printf("Sending TRANS_ABORT_BUT_RETRY_COMMIT_WITH_RELOCATING\n");
-               if (write(sd, &ctrl, sizeof(char)) < 0) {
-                       perror("Error sending ctrl message for participant\n");
+
+               local_thread_data_array_t *ltdata;
+               if((ltdata = calloc(1, sizeof(local_thread_data_array_t))) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+                       pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+                       pDelete(pile_ptr);
+                       free(listmid);
+                       free(thread_data_array);
+                       //free(record);
                        return 1;
                }
-               //TODO
-               //Relookup all missing objects
-               //set up a new connection readClientReq()
-               //rebuilt the pile and llookup table
-               //send missing mising object/ objects
-       }
-       
-       //Free pointers
-       for(i=0 ; i< tdata->pilecount; i++) {
-               free(oidnotfound[i]);
-       }
-       
 
+               thread_response_t rcvd_control_msg[pilecount];  /* Shared thread array that keeps track of responses of participants */
+
+               /* Initialize and set thread detach attribute */
+               pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+               pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
+               pthread_mutex_init(&tlock, NULL);
+               pthread_cond_init(&tcond, NULL);
+
+               /* Process each machine pile */
+               while(pile != NULL) {
+                       //Create transaction id
+                       newtid++;
+                       if ((tosend = calloc(1, sizeof(trans_req_data_t))) == NULL) {
+                               printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                               pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+                               pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+                               pDelete(pile_ptr);
+                               free(listmid);
+                               free(thread_data_array);
+                               free(ltdata);
+                               //free(record);
+                               return 1;
+                       }
+                       tosend->f.control = TRANS_REQUEST;
+                       sprintf(tosend->f.trans_id, "%x_%d", pile->mid, newtid);
+                       tosend->f.mcount = pilecount;
+                       tosend->f.numread = pile->numread;
+                       tosend->f.nummod = pile->nummod;
+                       tosend->f.numcreated = pile->numcreated;
+                       tosend->f.sum_bytes = pile->sum_bytes;
+                       tosend->listmid = listmid;
+                       tosend->objread = pile->objread;
+                       tosend->oidmod = pile->oidmod;
+                       tosend->oidcreated = pile->oidcreated;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].thread_id = threadnum;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].mid = pile->mid;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].buffer = tosend;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].recvmsg = rcvd_control_msg;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].threshold = &tcond;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].lock = &tlock;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].count = &trecvcount;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].replyctrl = &treplyctrl;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].replyretry = &treplyretry;
+                       thread_data_array[threadnum].rec = record;
+                       /* If local do not create any extra connection */
+                       if(pile->mid != myIpAddr) { /* Not local */
+                               do {
+                                       rc = pthread_create(&thread[threadnum], &attr, transRequest, (void *) &thread_data_array[threadnum]);  
+                               } while(rc!=0);
+                               if(rc) {
+                                       perror("Error in pthread create\n");
+                                       pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+                                       pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+                                       pDelete(pile_ptr);
+                                       free(listmid);
+                                       for (i = 0; i < threadnum; i++)
+                                               free(thread_data_array[i].buffer);
+                                       free(thread_data_array);
+                                       free(ltdata);
+                                       //free(record);
+                                       return 1;
+                               }
+                       } else { /*Local*/
+                               ltdata->tdata = &thread_data_array[threadnum];
+                               ltdata->transinfo = &transinfo;
+                               do {
+                               val = pthread_create(&thread[threadnum], &attr, handleLocalReq, (void *) ltdata);
+                               } while(val!=0);
+                               if(val) {
+                                       perror("Error in pthread create\n");
+                                       pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+                                       pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+                                       pDelete(pile_ptr);
+                                       free(listmid);
+                                       for (i = 0; i < threadnum; i++)
+                                               free(thread_data_array[i].buffer);
+                                       free(thread_data_array);
+                                       free(ltdata);
+                                       //free(record);
+                                       return 1;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       threadnum++;            
+                       pile = pile->next;
+               }
+
+               /* Free attribute and wait for the other threads */
+               pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
+               
+               for (i = 0; i < pilecount; i++) {
+                       rc = pthread_join(thread[i], NULL);
+                       if(rc)
+                       {
+                               printf("ERROR return code from pthread_join() is %d\n", rc);
+                               pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+                               pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+                               pDelete(pile_ptr);
+                               free(listmid);
+                               for (j = i; j < pilecount; j++)
+                                       free(thread_data_array[j].buffer);
+                               free(thread_data_array);
+                               free(ltdata);
+                               //free(record);
+                               return 1;
+                       }
+                       free(thread_data_array[i].buffer);
+               }
+
+               /* Free resources */    
+               pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
+               pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
+               free(listmid);
+               pDelete(pile_ptr);
+               free(thread_data_array);
+               free(ltdata);
+
+               /* wait a random amount of time before retrying to commit transaction*/
+               if(treplyretry == 1) {
+                       randomdelay();
+               }
+               
+       /* Retry trans commit procedure if not sucessful in the first try */
+       } while (treplyretry == 1);
+       
+       /* Free Resources */
+       objstrDelete(record->cache);
+       chashDelete(record->lookupTable);
+       free(record);
        return 0;
 }
 
+/* This function sends information involved in the transaction request 
+ * to participants and accepts a response from particpants.
+ * It calls decideresponse() to decide on what control message 
+ * to send next to participants and sends the message using sendResponse()*/
 void *transRequest(void *threadarg) {
        int sd, i, n;
        struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
@@ -208,295 +624,1403 @@ void *transRequest(void *threadarg) {
        thread_data_array_t *tdata;
        objheader_t *headeraddr;
        char buffer[RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE], control, recvcontrol;
+       char machineip[16], retval;
 
        tdata = (thread_data_array_t *) threadarg;
-       printf("DEBUG -> New thread id %d\n", tdata->thread_id);
-       //Send Trans Request
+
+       /* Send Trans Request */
        if ((sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
-               perror("Error in socket for TRANS_REQUEST");
-               return NULL;
+               perror("Error in socket for TRANS_REQUEST\n");
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
        }
        bzero((char*) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
        serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        serv_addr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);
-       serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(MACHINE_IP);
-       //serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(tdata->mid);
-
+       midtoIP(tdata->mid,machineip);
+       machineip[15] = '\0';
+       serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(machineip);
+       /* Open Connection */
        if (connect(sd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0) {
-               perror("Error in connect for TRANS_REQUEST");
-               return NULL;
+               perror("Error in connect for TRANS_REQUEST\n");
+               close(sd);
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
        }
 
-       //Multiple writes for sending packets of data 
-       //Send first few fixed bytes of the TRANS_REQUEST protocol
-       printf("DEBUG -> Start sending commit data... %d\n", tdata->buffer->f.control);
-//     printf("DEBUG-> Bytes sent in first write: %d\n", sizeof(fixed_data_t));
-//     printf("Machine count = %d\tnumread = %d\tnummod = %d\tsum_bytes = %d\n", tdata->buffer->f.mcount, tdata->buffer->f.numread, tdata->buffer->f.nummod, tdata->buffer->f.sum_bytes);
-       if (write(sd, &(tdata->buffer->f), (sizeof(fixed_data_t))) < 0) {
-               perror("Error sending fixed bytes for thread");
-               return NULL;
+       /* Send bytes of data with TRANS_REQUEST control message */
+       if (send(sd, &(tdata->buffer->f), sizeof(fixed_data_t),MSG_NOSIGNAL) < sizeof(fixed_data_t)) {
+               perror("Error sending fixed bytes for thread\n");
+               close(sd);
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
        }
-       //Send list of machines involved in the transaction
-//     printf("DEBUG-> Bytes sent in second write: %d\n", sizeof(unsigned int) * tdata->pilecount);
-       if (write(sd, tdata->buffer->listmid, (sizeof(unsigned int) * tdata->pilecount )) < 0) {
-               perror("Error sending list of machines for thread");
-               return NULL;
+       /* Send list of machines involved in the transaction */
+       {
+               int size=sizeof(unsigned int)*tdata->buffer->f.mcount;
+               if (send(sd, tdata->buffer->listmid, size, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < size) {
+                       perror("Error sending list of machines for thread\n");
+                       close(sd);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
        }
-       //Send oids and version number tuples for objects that are read
-//     printf("DEBUG-> Bytes sent in the third write: %d\n", (sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(short)) * tdata->buffer->f.numread);
-//     printf(" DEBUG->Read oids are %d %x %d %d\n", *(tdata->buffer->objread), (tdata->buffer->objread + 6), *(tdata->buffer->objread + 12), *(tdata->buffer->objread +18)); 
-       if (write(sd, tdata->buffer->objread, ((sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(short)) * tdata->buffer->f.numread )) < 0) {
-               perror("Error sending tuples for thread");
-               return NULL;
+       /* Send oids and version number tuples for objects that are read */
+       {
+               int size=(sizeof(unsigned int)+sizeof(short))*tdata->buffer->f.numread;
+               if (send(sd, tdata->buffer->objread, size, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < size) {
+                       perror("Error sending tuples for thread\n");
+                       close(sd);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
        }
-       //Send objects that are modified
+       /* Send objects that are modified */
        for(i = 0; i < tdata->buffer->f.nummod ; i++) {
+               int size;
                headeraddr = chashSearch(tdata->rec->lookupTable, tdata->buffer->oidmod[i]);
-//             printf("DEBUG -> Bytes sent for oid = %d modified %d\n", *((int *)headeraddr), sizeof(objheader_t) + classsize[headeraddr->type]);
-               if (write(sd, headeraddr, sizeof(objheader_t) + classsize[headeraddr->type])  < 0) {
-                       perror("Error sending obj modified for thread");
-                       return NULL;
+               GETSIZE(size,headeraddr);
+               size+=sizeof(objheader_t);
+               if (send(sd, headeraddr, size, MSG_NOSIGNAL)  < size) {
+                       perror("Error sending obj modified for thread\n");
+                       close(sd);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
                }
        }
-       
-       //Read message  control message from participant side
-       n = read(sd, &control, sizeof(char));
+
+       /* Read control message from Participant */
+       if((n = read(sd, &control, sizeof(char))) <= 0) {
+               perror("Error in reading control message from Participant\n");
+               close(sd);
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
+       }
        recvcontrol = control;
-       printf("DEBUG -> After TRANS_REQUEST, message control recv is %d\n", recvcontrol);
-//     while(n != 0) {
-//             n = read(sd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
-//     }
-       
-       //Update common data structure and increment count
+
+       /* Update common data structure and increment count */
        tdata->recvmsg[tdata->thread_id].rcv_status = recvcontrol;
-       //Lock and update count
-       //Thread sleeps until all messages from pariticipants are received by coordinator
+
+       /* Lock and update count */
+       /* Thread sleeps until all messages from pariticipants are received by coordinator */
        pthread_mutex_lock(tdata->lock);
-               (*(tdata->count))++;
-       
-       if(*(tdata->count) == tdata->pilecount) {
+
+       (*(tdata->count))++; /* keeps track of no of messages received by the coordinator */
+
+       /* Wake up the threads and invoke decideResponse (once) */
+       if(*(tdata->count) == tdata->buffer->f.mcount) {
+               decideResponse(tdata); 
                pthread_cond_broadcast(tdata->threshold);
-               //process the participant's request
-               if (decideResponse(tdata, sd) != 0) {
-                       printf("decideResponse returned error %s. %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-                       return NULL;
-               }
        } else {
                pthread_cond_wait(tdata->threshold, tdata->lock);
-       }       
+       }
        pthread_mutex_unlock(tdata->lock);
+
+       /* Send the final response such as TRANS_COMMIT or TRANS_ABORT t
+        * to all participants in their respective socket */
+       if (sendResponse(tdata, sd) == 0) { 
+               printf("sendResponse returned error %s,%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+               close(sd);
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
+       }
+
+       /* Close connection */
        close(sd);
        pthread_exit(NULL);
 }
 
-int transCommit(transrecord_t *record) {       
-       chashlistnode_t *curr, *ptr, *next;
-       unsigned int size;//Represents number of bins in the chash table
-       unsigned int machinenum, tot_bytes_mod, *listmid;
-       objheader_t *headeraddr;
-       plistnode_t *tmp, *pile = NULL;
-       int i, rc;
-       int pilecount = 0, offset, numthreads = 0, trecvcount = 0;
-       char buffer[RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE],control;
-       char transid[TID_LEN];
-       static int newtid = 0;
+/* This function decides the reponse that needs to be sent to 
+ * all Participant machines after the TRANS_REQUEST protocol */
+void decideResponse(thread_data_array_t *tdata) {
+       char control;
+       int i, transagree = 0, transdisagree = 0, transsoftabort = 0; /* Counters to formulate decision of what
+                                                                        message to send */
 
-       ptr = record->lookupTable->table;
-       size = record->lookupTable->size;
-       //Look through all the objects in the cache and make piles
-       for(i = 0; i < size ;i++) {
-               curr = &ptr[i];
-               //Inner loop to traverse the linked list of the cache lookupTable
-               while(curr != NULL) {
-                       //if the first bin in hash table is empty
-                       if(curr->key == 0) {
+       for (i = 0 ; i < tdata->buffer->f.mcount; i++) {
+               control = tdata->recvmsg[i].rcv_status; /* tdata: keeps track of all participant responses
+                                                          written onto the shared array */
+               switch(control) {
+                       default:
+                               printf("Participant sent unknown message in %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                               /* treat as disagree, pass thru */
+                       case TRANS_DISAGREE:
+                               transdisagree++;
                                break;
-                       }
-                       next = curr->next;
-                       //Get machine location for object id
-                       /*
-                       if ((machinenum = lhashSearch(curr->key)) == 0) {
-                              printf("Error: No such machine\n");
-                              return 1;
-                       }               
-                       */
-                       //TODO only for debug
-                       machinenum = 1;
-                       if ((headeraddr = chashSearch(record->lookupTable, curr->key)) == NULL) {
-                               printf("Error: No such oid\n");
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-                       //Make machine groups
-                       if ((pile = pInsert(pile, headeraddr, machinenum, record->lookupTable->numelements)) == NULL) {
-                               printf("pInsert error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-                               return 1;
-                       }
-                       curr = next;
-               }
-       }
 
-       //Create the packet to be sent in TRANS_REQUEST
-       tmp = pile;
-       pilecount = pCount(pile);               //Keeps track of the number of participants
-       
-       //Thread related variables
-       pthread_t thread[pilecount];            //Create threads for each participant
-       pthread_attr_t attr;                    
-       pthread_cond_t tcond;
-       pthread_mutex_t tlock;
-       thread_data_array_t thread_data_array[pilecount];
-       
-       thread_response_t rcvd_control_msg[pilecount];  //Shared thread array that keeps track of responses of participants
-               
-       //Initialize and set thread detach attribute
-       pthread_attr_init(&attr);
-       pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
-       pthread_mutex_init(&tlock, NULL);
-       pthread_cond_init(&tcond, NULL);
-       
-       //Keep track of list of machine ids per transaction     
-       if((listmid = calloc(pilecount, sizeof(unsigned int))) == NULL) {
-               printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-               return 1;
-       }
-                               
-       pListMid(pile, listmid);
-       //Process each machine group
-       while(tmp != NULL) {
-               printf("DEBUG -> Created thread %d... \n", numthreads);
-               //Create transaction id
-               newtid++;
-               trans_req_data_t *tosend;
-               if ((tosend = calloc(1, sizeof(trans_req_data_t))) == NULL) {
-                       printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
-                       return 1;
-               }
-               tosend->f.control = TRANS_REQUEST;
-               sprintf(tosend->f.trans_id, "%x_%d", tmp->mid, newtid);
-               tosend->f.mcount = pilecount;
-               tosend->f.numread = tmp->numread;
-               tosend->f.nummod = tmp->nummod;
-               tosend->f.sum_bytes = tmp->sum_bytes;
-               tosend->listmid = listmid;
-               tosend->objread = tmp->objread;
-               tosend->oidmod = tmp->oidmod;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].thread_id = numthreads;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].mid = tmp->mid;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].pilecount = pilecount;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].buffer = tosend;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].recvmsg = rcvd_control_msg;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].threshold = &tcond;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].lock = &tlock;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].count = &trecvcount;
-               thread_data_array[numthreads].rec = record;
-
-               rc = pthread_create(&thread[numthreads], NULL, transRequest, (void *) &thread_data_array[numthreads]);  
-               if (rc) {
-                       perror("Error in pthread create");
-                       return 1;
-               }               
-               numthreads++;           
-               //TODO frees 
-               free(tosend);
-               tmp = tmp->next;
-       }
+                       case TRANS_AGREE:
+                               transagree++;
+                               break;
 
-       // Free attribute and wait for the other threads
-       pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
-       for (i = 0 ;i < pilecount ; i++) {
-               rc = pthread_join(thread[i], NULL);
-               if (rc)
-               {
-                       printf("ERROR return code from pthread_join() is %d\n", rc);
-                       return 1;
+                       case TRANS_SOFT_ABORT:
+                               transsoftabort++;
+                               break;
                }
        }
-       
-       //Free resources        
-       pthread_cond_destroy(&tcond);
-       pthread_mutex_destroy(&tlock);
-       free(listmid);
-       pDelete(pile);
-       return 0;
-}
 
-int transSoftAbort(transrecord_t *record){
+       if(transdisagree > 0) {
+               /* Send Abort */
+               *(tdata->replyctrl) = TRANS_ABORT;
+               *(tdata->replyretry) = 0;
+               /* clear objects from prefetch cache */
+               for (i = 0; i < tdata->buffer->f.numread; i++)
+                       prehashRemove(*(unsigned int *)(tdata->buffer->objread + (sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(unsigned short))*i));
+               for (i = 0; i < tdata->buffer->f.nummod; i++)
+                       prehashRemove(tdata->buffer->oidmod[i]);
+       } else if(transagree == tdata->buffer->f.mcount){
+               /* Send Commit */
+               *(tdata->replyctrl) = TRANS_COMMIT;
+               *(tdata->replyretry) = 0;
+       } else { 
+               /* Send Abort in soft abort case followed by retry commiting transaction again*/
+               *(tdata->replyctrl) = TRANS_ABORT;
+               *(tdata->replyretry) = 1;
+       }
 
+       return;
 }
+/* This function sends the final response to remote machines per thread in their respective socket id 
+ * It returns a char that is only needed to check the correctness of execution of this function inside
+ * transRequest()*/
+char sendResponse(thread_data_array_t *tdata, int sd) {
+       int n, N, sum, oidcount = 0;
+       char *ptr, retval = 0;
+       unsigned int *oidnotfound;
 
-int transAbort(transrecord_t *record){
+       /* If the decided response is due to a soft abort and missing objects at the Participant's side */
+       if(tdata->recvmsg[tdata->thread_id].rcv_status == TRANS_SOFT_ABORT) {
+               /* Read list of objects missing */
+               if((read(sd, &oidcount, sizeof(int)) != 0) && (oidcount != 0)) {
+                       N = oidcount * sizeof(unsigned int);
+                       if((oidnotfound = calloc(oidcount, sizeof(unsigned int))) == NULL) {
+                               printf("Calloc error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                               return 0;
+                       }
+                       ptr = (char *) oidnotfound;
+                       do {
+                               n = read(sd, ptr+sum, N-sum);
+                               sum += n;
+                       } while(sum < N && n !=0);
+               }
+               retval =  TRANS_SOFT_ABORT;
+       }
+       /* If the decided response is TRANS_ABORT */
+       if(*(tdata->replyctrl) == TRANS_ABORT) {
+               retval = TRANS_ABORT;
+       } else if(*(tdata->replyctrl) == TRANS_COMMIT) { /* If the decided response is TRANS_COMMIT */
+               retval = TRANS_COMMIT;
+       }
 
+       if (send(sd, tdata->replyctrl, sizeof(char),MSG_NOSIGNAL) < sizeof(char)) {
+               perror("Error sending ctrl message for participant\n");
+       }
 
+       return retval;
 }
 
-//mnun will be used to represent the machine IP address later
+/* This function opens a connection, places an object read request to the 
+ * remote machine, reads the control message and object if available  and 
+ * copies the object and its header to the local cache.
+ * */ 
+
 void *getRemoteObj(transrecord_t *record, unsigned int mnum, unsigned int oid) {
-       int sd, size;
+       int sd, size, val;
        struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
        struct hostent *server;
-       char buffer[RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE],control;
+       char control;
+       char machineip[16];
        objheader_t *h;
        void *objcopy;
 
        if ((sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
-               perror("Error in socket");
+               perror("Error in socket\n");
                return NULL;
        }
+
        bzero((char*) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
        serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        serv_addr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);
-       serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(MACHINE_IP);
+       midtoIP(mnum,machineip);
+       machineip[15] = '\0';
+       serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(machineip);
 
+       /* Open connection */
        if (connect(sd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0) {
-               perror("Error in connect");
+               perror("Error in connect\n");
                return NULL;
        }
-       bzero((char *)buffer,sizeof(buffer));
-       control = READ_REQUEST;
-       buffer[0] = control;
-       memcpy(buffer+1, &oid, sizeof(int));
-       if (write(sd, buffer, sizeof(int) + 1) < 0) {
-               perror("Error sending message");
+       char readrequest[sizeof(char)+sizeof(unsigned int)];
+       readrequest[0] = READ_REQUEST;
+       *((unsigned int *)(&readrequest[1])) = oid;
+       if (send(sd, &readrequest, sizeof(readrequest), MSG_NOSIGNAL) < sizeof(readrequest)) {
+               perror("Error sending message\n");
                return NULL;
        }
 
-#ifdef DEBUG1
-       printf("DEBUG -> ready to rcv ...\n");
-#endif
-       //Read response from the Participant
-       read(sd, &control, sizeof(char));
+       /* Read response from the Participant */
+       if((val = read(sd, &control, sizeof(char))) <= 0) {
+               perror("No control response for getRemoteObj sent\n");
+               return NULL;
+       }
        switch(control) {
                case OBJECT_NOT_FOUND:
                        return NULL;
-                       break;
                case OBJECT_FOUND:
-                       read(sd, &size, sizeof(int));
+                       /* Read object if found into local cache */
+                       if((val = read(sd, &size, sizeof(int))) <= 0) {
+                               perror("No size is read from the participant\n");
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
                        objcopy = objstrAlloc(record->cache, size);
-                       read(sd, objcopy, size);                
+                       if((val = read(sd, objcopy, size)) <= 0) {
+                               perror("No objects are read from the remote participant\n");
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       /* Insert into cache's lookup table */
+                       chashInsert(record->lookupTable, oid, objcopy); 
                        break;
                default:
-                       printf("Error in recv request from participant on a READ_REQUEST\n");
+                       printf("Error in recv request from participant on a READ_REQUEST %s, %d\n",__FILE__, __LINE__);
                        return NULL;
        }
-
-#if 0
-       read(sd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+       /* Close connection */
        close(sd);
-       if (buffer[0] == OBJECT_NOT_FOUND) {
-               return NULL;
+       return objcopy;
+}
+
+/* This function handles the local objects involved in a transaction commiting process.
+ * It also makes a decision if this local machine sends AGREE or DISAGREE or SOFT_ABORT to coordinator.
+ * Note Coordinator = local machine
+ * It wakes up the other threads from remote participants that are waiting for the coordinator's decision and
+ * based on common agreement it either commits or aborts the transaction.
+ * It also frees the memory resources */
+void *handleLocalReq(void *threadarg) {
+       unsigned int *oidnotfound = NULL, *oidlocked = NULL;
+       local_thread_data_array_t *localtdata;
+       int objnotfound = 0, objlocked = 0; 
+       int v_nomatch = 0, v_matchlock = 0, v_matchnolock = 0;
+       int numread, i;
+       unsigned int oid;
+       unsigned short version;
+       void *mobj;
+       objheader_t *headptr;
+
+       localtdata = (local_thread_data_array_t *) threadarg;
+
+       /* Counters and arrays to formulate decision on control message to be sent */
+       oidnotfound = (unsigned int *) calloc((localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numread + localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.nummod), sizeof(unsigned int));
+       oidlocked = (unsigned int *) calloc((localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numread + localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.nummod), sizeof(unsigned int));
+
+       numread = localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numread;
+       /* Process each oid in the machine pile/ group per thread */
+       for (i = 0; i < localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numread + localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.nummod; i++) {
+               if (i < localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numread) {
+                       int incr = sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(short);// Offset that points to next position in the objread array
+                       incr *= i;
+                       oid = *((unsigned int *)(localtdata->tdata->buffer->objread + incr));
+                       version = *((short *)(localtdata->tdata->buffer->objread + incr + sizeof(unsigned int)));
+               } else { // Objects Modified
+                       int tmpsize;
+                       headptr = (objheader_t *) chashSearch(localtdata->tdata->rec->lookupTable, localtdata->tdata->buffer->oidmod[i-numread]);
+                       if (headptr == NULL) {
+                               printf("Error: handleLocalReq() returning NULL\n");
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+                       oid = OID(headptr);
+                       version = headptr->version;
+               }
+               /* Check if object is still present in the machine since the beginning of TRANS_REQUEST */
+
+               /* Save the oids not found and number of oids not found for later use */
+               if ((mobj = mhashSearch(oid)) == NULL) { /* Obj not found */
+                       /* Save the oids not found and number of oids not found for later use */
+                       oidnotfound[objnotfound] = oid;
+                       objnotfound++;
+               } else { /* If Obj found in machine (i.e. has not moved) */
+                       /* Check if Obj is locked by any previous transaction */
+                       if ((STATUS(((objheader_t *)mobj)) & LOCK) == LOCK) {
+                               if (version == ((objheader_t *)mobj)->version) {      /* If locked then match versions */ 
+                                       v_matchlock++;
+                               } else {/* If versions don't match ...HARD ABORT */
+                                       v_nomatch++;
+                                       /* Send TRANS_DISAGREE to Coordinator */
+                                       localtdata->tdata->recvmsg[localtdata->tdata->thread_id].rcv_status = TRANS_DISAGREE;
+                               }
+                       } else {/* If Obj is not locked then lock object */
+                               STATUS(((objheader_t *)mobj)) |= LOCK;
+                               /* Save all object oids that are locked on this machine during this transaction request call */
+                               oidlocked[objlocked] = OID(((objheader_t *)mobj));
+                               objlocked++;
+                               if (version == ((objheader_t *)mobj)->version) { /* Check if versions match */
+                                       v_matchnolock++;
+                               } else { /* If versions don't match ...HARD ABORT */
+                                       v_nomatch++;
+                                       /* Send TRANS_DISAGREE to Coordinator */
+                                       localtdata->tdata->recvmsg[localtdata->tdata->thread_id].rcv_status = TRANS_DISAGREE;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       } // End for
+       /* Condition to send TRANS_AGREE */
+       if(v_matchnolock == localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numread + localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.nummod) {
+               localtdata->tdata->recvmsg[localtdata->tdata->thread_id].rcv_status = TRANS_AGREE;
+       }
+       /* Condition to send TRANS_SOFT_ABORT */
+       if((v_matchlock > 0 && v_nomatch == 0) || (objnotfound > 0 && v_nomatch == 0)) {
+               localtdata->tdata->recvmsg[localtdata->tdata->thread_id].rcv_status = TRANS_SOFT_ABORT;
+       }
+
+       /* Fill out the trans_commit_data_t data structure. This is required for a trans commit process
+        * if Participant receives a TRANS_COMMIT */
+       localtdata->transinfo->objlocked = oidlocked;
+       localtdata->transinfo->objnotfound = oidnotfound;
+       localtdata->transinfo->modptr = NULL;
+       localtdata->transinfo->numlocked = objlocked;
+       localtdata->transinfo->numnotfound = objnotfound;
+       /* Lock and update count */
+       //Thread sleeps until all messages from pariticipants are received by coordinator
+       pthread_mutex_lock(localtdata->tdata->lock);
+       (*(localtdata->tdata->count))++; /* keeps track of no of messages received by the coordinator */
+
+       /* Wake up the threads and invoke decideResponse (once) */
+       if(*(localtdata->tdata->count) == localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.mcount) {
+               decideResponse(localtdata->tdata); 
+               pthread_cond_broadcast(localtdata->tdata->threshold);
        } else {
+               pthread_cond_wait(localtdata->tdata->threshold, localtdata->tdata->lock);
+       }
+       pthread_mutex_unlock(localtdata->tdata->lock);
+       if(*(localtdata->tdata->replyctrl) == TRANS_ABORT){
+               if(transAbortProcess(localtdata) != 0) {
+                       printf("Error in transAbortProcess() %s,%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
+       } else if(*(localtdata->tdata->replyctrl) == TRANS_COMMIT) {
+               if(transComProcess(localtdata) != 0) {
+                       printf("Error in transComProcess() %s,%d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
+       }
+       /* Free memory */
+       if (localtdata->transinfo->objlocked != NULL) {
+               free(localtdata->transinfo->objlocked);
+       }
+       if (localtdata->transinfo->objnotfound != NULL) {
+               free(localtdata->transinfo->objnotfound);
+       }
 
-               h = (objheader_t *) buffer+1;
-               size = sizeof(objheader_t) + sizeof(classsize[h->type]);
-#ifdef DEBUG1
-       printf("DEBUG -> Received: oid = %d, type = %d\n", h->oid, h->type);
-#endif
+       pthread_exit(NULL);
+}
+
+/* This function completes the ABORT process if the transaction is aborting */
+int transAbortProcess(local_thread_data_array_t  *localtdata) {
+       int i, numlocked;
+       unsigned int *objlocked;
+       void *header;
+
+       numlocked = localtdata->transinfo->numlocked;
+       objlocked = localtdata->transinfo->objlocked;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < numlocked; i++) {
+               if((header = mhashSearch(objlocked[i])) == NULL) {
+                       printf("mhashsearch returns NULL at %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               STATUS(((objheader_t *)header)) &= ~(LOCK);
+       }
+
+       printf("TRANS_ABORTED\n");
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*This function completes the COMMIT process is the transaction is commiting*/
+int transComProcess(local_thread_data_array_t  *localtdata) {
+       objheader_t *header, *tcptr;
+       int i, nummod, tmpsize, numcreated, numlocked;
+       unsigned int *oidmod, *oidcreated, *oidlocked;
+       void *ptrcreate;
+
+       nummod = localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.nummod;
+       oidmod = localtdata->tdata->buffer->oidmod;
+       numcreated = localtdata->tdata->buffer->f.numcreated;
+       oidcreated = localtdata->tdata->buffer->oidcreated;
+       numlocked = localtdata->transinfo->numlocked;
+       oidlocked = localtdata->transinfo->objlocked;
+       for (i = 0; i < nummod; i++) {
+               if((header = (objheader_t *) mhashSearch(oidmod[i])) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Error: transComProcess() mhashsearch returns NULL at %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               /* Copy from transaction cache -> main object store */
+               if ((tcptr = ((objheader_t *) chashSearch(localtdata->tdata->rec->lookupTable, oidmod[i]))) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Error: transComProcess() chashSearch returned NULL at %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               GETSIZE(tmpsize, header);
+
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&mainobjstore_mutex);
+               memcpy(header, tcptr, tmpsize + sizeof(objheader_t));
+               header->version += 1;
+               /* If threads are waiting on this object to be updated, notify them */
+               if(header->notifylist != NULL) {
+                       notifyAll(&header->notifylist, OID(header), header->version);
+               }
+
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&mainobjstore_mutex);
+       }
+       /* If object is newly created inside transaction then commit it */
+       for (i = 0; i < numcreated; i++) {
+               if ((header = ((objheader_t *) chashSearch(localtdata->tdata->rec->lookupTable, oidcreated[i]))) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Error: transComProcess() chashSearch returned NULL at %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               GETSIZE(tmpsize, header);
+               tmpsize += sizeof(objheader_t);
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&mainobjstore_mutex);
+               if ((ptrcreate = objstrAlloc(mainobjstore, tmpsize)) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Error: transComProcess() failed objstrAlloc\n");
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&mainobjstore_mutex);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&mainobjstore_mutex);
+               memcpy(ptrcreate, header, tmpsize + sizeof(objheader_t));
+               mhashInsert(oidcreated[i], ptrcreate);
+               lhashInsert(oidcreated[i], myIpAddr);
+       }
+       /* Unlock locked objects */
+       for(i = 0; i < numlocked; i++) {
+               if((header = (objheader_t *) mhashSearch(oidlocked[i])) == NULL) {
+                       printf("mhashsearch returns NULL at %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return 1;
+               }
+               STATUS(header) &= ~(LOCK);
+       }
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* This function checks if the prefetch oids are same and have same offsets  
+ * for case x.a.b and y.a.b where x and y have same oid's
+ * or if a.b.c is a subset of x.b.c.d*/ 
+/* check for case where the generated request a.y.z or x.y.z.g then 
+ * prefetch needs to be generated for x.y.z.g  if oid of a and x are same*/
+void checkPrefetchTuples(prefetchqelem_t *node) {
+       int i,j, count,k, sindex, index;
+       char *ptr, *tmp;
+       int ntuples, slength;
+       unsigned int *oid;
+       short *endoffsets, *arryfields; 
+
+       /* Check for the case x.y.z and a.b.c are same oids */ 
+       ptr = (char *) node;
+       ntuples = *(GET_NTUPLES(ptr));
+       oid = GET_PTR_OID(ptr);
+       endoffsets = GET_PTR_EOFF(ptr, ntuples); 
+       arryfields = GET_PTR_ARRYFLD(ptr, ntuples);
+       
+       /* Find offset length for each tuple */
+       int numoffset[ntuples];
+       numoffset[0] = endoffsets[0];
+       for(i = 1; i<ntuples; i++) {
+               numoffset[i] = endoffsets[i] - endoffsets[i-1];
+       }
+       /* Check for redundant tuples by comparing oids of each tuple */
+       for(i = 0; i < ntuples; i++) {
+               if(oid[i] == 0)
+                       continue;
+               for(j = i+1 ; j < ntuples; j++) {
+                       if(oid[j] == 0)
+                               continue;
+                       /*If oids of tuples match */ 
+                       if (oid[i] == oid[j]) {
+                               /* Find the smallest offset length of two tuples*/
+                               if(numoffset[i] >  numoffset[j]){
+                                       slength = numoffset[j];
+                                       sindex = j;
+                               }
+                               else {
+                                       slength = numoffset[i];
+                                       sindex = i;
+                               }
+
+                               /* Compare the offset values based on the current indices
+                                * break if they do not match
+                                * if all offset values match then pick the largest tuple*/
+
+                               if(i == 0) {
+                                       k = 0;
+                               } else {
+                                       k = endoffsets[i-1];
+                               }
+                               index = endoffsets[j -1];
+                               for(count = 0; count < slength; count ++) {
+                                       if (arryfields[k] != arryfields[index]) { 
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       index++;
+                                       k++;
+                               }       
+                               if(slength == count) {
+                                       oid[sindex] = 0;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
        }
-       objcopy = objstrAlloc(record->cache, size);
-       memcpy(objcopy, (void *)buffer+1, size);
+}
+/* This function makes machine piles to be added into the machine pile queue for each prefetch call */
+prefetchpile_t *makePreGroups(prefetchqelem_t *node, int *numoffset) {
+       char *ptr;
+       int ntuples, i, machinenum, count=0;
+       unsigned int *oid;
+       short *endoffsets, *arryfields, *offset; 
+       prefetchpile_t *head = NULL;
+
+       /* Check for the case x.y.z and a.b.c are same oids */ 
+       ptr = (char *) node;
+       ntuples = *(GET_NTUPLES(ptr));
+       oid = GET_PTR_OID(ptr);
+       endoffsets = GET_PTR_EOFF(ptr, ntuples); 
+       arryfields = GET_PTR_ARRYFLD(ptr, ntuples);
+
+       if((head = (prefetchpile_t *) calloc(1, sizeof(prefetchpile_t))) == NULL) {
+               printf("Calloc error: %s %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* Check for redundant tuples by comparing oids of each tuple */
+       for(i = 0; i < ntuples; i++) {
+               if(oid[i] == 0)
+                       continue;
+               /* For each tuple make piles */
+               if ((machinenum = lhashSearch(oid[i])) == 0) {
+                       printf("Error: No such Machine %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+               /* Insert into machine pile */
+               if(i == 0){
+                       offset = &arryfields[0];
+               } else {
+                       offset = &arryfields[endoffsets[i-1]];
+               }
+
+               if((head = insertPile(machinenum, oid[i], numoffset[i], offset, head)) == NULL){
+                       printf("Error: Couldn't create a pile %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return head;
+}
+
+prefetchpile_t *foundLocal(prefetchqelem_t *node) {
+       int ntuples,i, j, k, oidnfound = 0, arryfieldindex,nextarryfieldindex, flag = 0, val;
+       unsigned int *oid;
+       unsigned int  objoid;
+       int isArray = 0;
+       char *ptr, *tmp;
+       objheader_t *objheader;
+       short *endoffsets, *arryfields; 
+       prefetchpile_t *head = NULL;
+
+       ptr = (char *) node;
+       ntuples = *(GET_NTUPLES(ptr));
+       oid = GET_PTR_OID(ptr);
+       endoffsets = GET_PTR_EOFF(ptr, ntuples); 
+       arryfields = GET_PTR_ARRYFLD(ptr, ntuples);
+
+       /* Find offset length for each tuple */
+       int numoffset[ntuples];//Number of offsets for each tuple
+       numoffset[0] = endoffsets[0];
+       for(i = 1; i<ntuples; i++) {
+               numoffset[i] = endoffsets[i] - endoffsets[i-1];
+       }
+       for(i = 0; i < ntuples; i++) { 
+               if(oid[i] == 0){
+                       if(i == 0) {
+                               arryfieldindex = 0;
+                               nextarryfieldindex =  endoffsets[0];
+                       }else {
+                               arryfieldindex = endoffsets[i-1];
+                               nextarryfieldindex =  endoffsets[i];
+                       }
+                       numoffset[i] = 0;
+                       endoffsets[0] = val = numoffset[0];
+                       for(k = 1; k < ntuples; k++) {
+                               val = val + numoffset[k];
+                               endoffsets[k] = val; 
+                       }
+                       
+                       for(k = 0; k<endoffsets[ntuples-1]; k++) {
+                               arryfields[arryfieldindex+k] = arryfields[nextarryfieldindex+k];
+                       }
+                       continue;
+               }
+               /* If object found locally */
+               if((objheader = (objheader_t*) mhashSearch(oid[i])) != NULL) { 
+                       tmp = (char *) objheader;
+                       int orgnumoffset = numoffset[i];
+                       if(i == 0) {
+                               arryfieldindex = 0;
+                       }else {
+                               arryfieldindex = endoffsets[i-1];
+                       }
+
+                       for(j = 0; j<orgnumoffset; j++) {
+                               /* Check for arrays  */
+                               if(TYPE(objheader) > NUMCLASSES) {
+                                       isArray = 1;
+                               }
+                               if(isArray == 1) {
+                                       int elementsize = classsize[TYPE(objheader)];
+                                       objoid = *((unsigned int *)(tmp + sizeof(objheader_t) + sizeof(struct ArrayObject) + (elementsize*arryfields[arryfieldindex])));
+                               } else {
+                                       objoid = *((unsigned int *)(tmp + sizeof(objheader_t) + arryfields[arryfieldindex]));
+                               }
+                               //Update numoffset array
+                               numoffset[i] = numoffset[i] - 1;
+                               //Update oid array
+                               oid[i] = objoid;
+                               //Update endoffset array
+                               endoffsets[0] = val = numoffset[0];
+                               for(k = 1; k < ntuples; k++) {
+                                       val = val + numoffset[k];
+                                       endoffsets[k] = val; 
+                               }
+                               //Update arrayfields array
+                               for(k = 0; k < endoffsets[ntuples-1]; k++) {
+                                       arryfields[arryfieldindex+k] = arryfields[arryfieldindex+k+1];
+                               }
+                               if((objheader = (objheader_t*) mhashSearch(oid[i])) == NULL) {
+                                       flag = 1;
+                                       checkPreCache(node, numoffset, oid[i], i); 
+                                       break;
+                               }  
+                               tmp = (char *) objheader;
+                               isArray = 0;
+                       }
+                       /*If all offset oids are found locally,make the prefetch tuple invalid */
+                       if(flag == 0) {
+                               oid[i] = 0;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /* Look in Prefetch cache */
+                       checkPreCache(node, numoffset, oid[i],i); 
+               }
+       }
+       
+       /* Make machine groups */
+       if((head = makePreGroups(node, numoffset)) == NULL) {
+               printf("Error in makePreGroups() %s %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       return head;
+}
+
+void checkPreCache(prefetchqelem_t *node, int *numoffset, unsigned int objoid, int index) {
+       char *ptr, *tmp;
+       int ntuples, i, k, flag=0, isArray =0, arryfieldindex, val;
+       unsigned int * oid;
+       short *endoffsets, *arryfields;
+       objheader_t *header;
+
+       ptr = (char *) node;
+       ntuples = *(GET_NTUPLES(ptr));
+       oid = GET_PTR_OID(ptr);
+       endoffsets = GET_PTR_EOFF(ptr, ntuples);
+       arryfields = GET_PTR_ARRYFLD(ptr, ntuples);
+
+       if((header = (objheader_t *) prehashSearch(objoid)) == NULL) {
+               return;
+       } else { //Found in Prefetch Cache
+               //TODO Decide if object is too old, if old remove from cache
+               tmp = (char *) header;
+               int loopcount = numoffset[index];       
+               if(index == 0)
+                       arryfieldindex = 0;
+               else
+                       arryfieldindex = endoffsets[(index - 1)];
+               // Check if any of the offset oid is available in the Prefetch cache
+               for(i = 0; i < loopcount; i++) {
+                       /* Check for arrays  */
+                       if(TYPE(header) > NUMCLASSES) {
+                               isArray = 1;
+                       }
+                       if(isArray == 1) {
+                               int elementsize = classsize[TYPE(header)];
+                               objoid = *((unsigned int *)(tmp + sizeof(objheader_t) + sizeof(struct ArrayObject) + (elementsize*arryfields[arryfieldindex])));
+                       } else {
+                               objoid = *((unsigned int *)(tmp + sizeof(objheader_t) + arryfields[arryfieldindex]));
+                       }
+                       //Update numoffset array
+                       numoffset[index] = numoffset[index] - 1;
+                       //Update oid array
+                       oid[index] = objoid;
+                       //Update endoffset array
+                       endoffsets[0] = val = numoffset[0];
+                       for(k = 1; k < ntuples; k++) {
+                               val = val + numoffset[k];
+                               endoffsets[k] = val; 
+                       }
+                       //Update arrayfields array
+                       for(k = 0; k < endoffsets[ntuples-1]; k++) {
+                               arryfields[arryfieldindex+k] = arryfields[arryfieldindex+k+1];
+                       }
+                       if((header = (objheader_t *)prehashSearch(oid[index])) != NULL) {
+                               tmp = (char *) header;
+                               isArray = 0;
+                       } else {
+                               flag = 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       //Found in the prefetch cache
+       if(flag == 0 && (numoffset[index] == 0)) {
+               oid[index] = 0;
+       }
+}
+
+
+
+/* This function is called by the thread calling transPrefetch */
+void *transPrefetch(void *t) {
+       prefetchqelem_t *qnode;
+       prefetchpile_t *pilehead = NULL;
+       prefetchpile_t *ptr = NULL, *piletail = NULL;
+
+       while(1) {
+               /* lock mutex of primary prefetch queue */
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&pqueue.qlock);
+               /* while primary queue is empty, then wait */
+               while((pqueue.front == NULL) && (pqueue.rear == NULL)) {
+                       pthread_cond_wait(&pqueue.qcond, &pqueue.qlock);
+               }
+
+               /* dequeue node to create a machine piles and  finally unlock mutex */
+               if((qnode = pre_dequeue()) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Error: No node returned %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&pqueue.qlock);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&pqueue.qlock);
+                               
+               /* Reduce redundant prefetch requests */
+               checkPrefetchTuples(qnode);
+               /* Check if the tuples are found locally, if yes then reduce them further*/ 
+               /* and group requests by remote machine ids by calling the makePreGroups() */
+               if((pilehead = foundLocal(qnode)) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Error: No node created for serving prefetch request %s %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
+
+               ptr = pilehead;
+               while(ptr != NULL) {
+                       if(ptr->next == NULL) {
+                               piletail = ptr;
+                       } 
+                       ptr = ptr->next;
+               }
+
+               /* Lock mutex of pool queue */
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&mcqueue.qlock);
+               /* Update the pool queue with the new remote machine piles generated per prefetch call */
+               mcpileenqueue(pilehead, piletail);
+               /* Broadcast signal on machine pile queue */
+               pthread_cond_broadcast(&mcqueue.qcond);
+               /* Unlock mutex of  machine pile queue */
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&mcqueue.qlock);
+               /* Deallocate the prefetch queue pile node */
+               predealloc(qnode);
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
+       }
+}
+
+/* Each thread in the  pool of threads calls this function to establish connection with
+ * remote machines, send the prefetch requests and process the reponses from
+ * the remote machines .
+ * The thread is active throughout the period of runtime */
+
+void *mcqProcess(void *threadid) {
+       int tid;
+       prefetchpile_t *mcpilenode;
+
+       tid = (int) threadid;
+       while(1) {
+               /* Lock mutex of mc pile queue */
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&mcqueue.qlock);
+               /* When mc pile queue is empty, wait */
+               while((mcqueue.front == NULL) && (mcqueue.rear == NULL)) {
+                       pthread_cond_wait(&mcqueue.qcond, &mcqueue.qlock);
+               }
+               /* Dequeue node to send remote machine connections*/
+               if((mcpilenode = mcpiledequeue()) == NULL) {
+                       printf("Dequeue Error: No node returned %s %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&mcqueue.qlock);
+                       pthread_exit(NULL);
+               }
+               /* Unlock mutex */
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&mcqueue.qlock);
+
+               /*Initiate connection to remote host and send request */ 
+               /* Process Request */
+               sendPrefetchReq(mcpilenode, tid);
 
+               /* Deallocate the machine queue pile node */
+               mcdealloc(mcpilenode);
+               pthread_exit(NULL);
+       }
+}
+
+void sendPrefetchReq(prefetchpile_t *mcpilenode, int threadid) {
+       int sd, i, off, len, endpair, count = 0;
+       struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
+       struct hostent *server;
+       char machineip[16], control;
+       objpile_t *tmp;
+
+       /* Send Trans Prefetch Request */
+       if ((sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
+               perror("Error in socket for SEND_PREFETCH_REQUEST\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       bzero((char*) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
+       serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+       serv_addr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);
+       midtoIP(mcpilenode->mid ,machineip);
+       machineip[15] = '\0';
+       serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(machineip);
+
+       /* Open Connection */
+       if (connect(sd, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) < 0) {
+               perror("Error in connect for SEND_PREFETCH_REQUEST\n");
+               close(sd);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Send TRANS_PREFETCH control message */
+       control = TRANS_PREFETCH;
+       if(send(sd, &control, sizeof(char), MSG_NOSIGNAL) < sizeof(char)) {
+               perror("Error in sending prefetch control\n");
+               close(sd);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Send Oids and offsets in pairs */
+       tmp = mcpilenode->objpiles;
+       while(tmp != NULL) {
+               off = 0;
+               count++;  /* Keeps track of the number of oid and offset tuples sent per remote machine */
+               len = sizeof(int) + sizeof(unsigned int) + ((tmp->numoffset) * sizeof(short));
+               char oidnoffset[len];
+               bzero(oidnoffset, len);
+               memcpy(oidnoffset, &len, sizeof(int));
+               off = sizeof(int);
+               memcpy(oidnoffset + off, &tmp->oid, sizeof(unsigned int));
+               off += sizeof(unsigned int);
+               for(i = 0; i < tmp->numoffset; i++) {
+                       memcpy(oidnoffset + off, &(tmp->offset[i]), sizeof(short));
+                       off+=sizeof(short);
+               }
+               if (send(sd, &oidnoffset, sizeof(oidnoffset),MSG_NOSIGNAL) < sizeof(oidnoffset)) {
+                       perror("Error sending fixed bytes for thread\n");
+                       close(sd);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               tmp = tmp->next;
+       }
+
+       /* Send a special char -1 to represent the end of sending oids + offset pair to remote machine */
+       endpair = -1;
+       if (send(sd, &endpair, sizeof(int), MSG_NOSIGNAL) < sizeof(int)) {
+               perror("Error sending fixed bytes for thread\n");
+               close(sd);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* Get Response from the remote machine */
+       getPrefetchResponse(count,sd);
+       close(sd);
+       return;
+}
+
+void getPrefetchResponse(int count, int sd) {
+       int i = 0, val, n, N, sum, index, objsize;
+       unsigned int bufsize,oid;
+       char buffer[RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE], control;
+       char *ptr;
+       void *modptr, *oldptr;
+
+
+       /* Read  prefetch response from the Remote machine */
+       if((val = read(sd, &control, sizeof(char))) <= 0) {
+               perror("No control response for Prefetch request sent\n");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if(control == TRANS_PREFETCH_RESPONSE) {
+               /*For each oid and offset tuple sent as prefetch request to remote machine*/
+               while(i < count) {
+                       sum = 0;
+                       index = 0;
+                       /* Read the size of buffer to be received */
+                       if((N = read(sd, buffer, sizeof(unsigned int))) <= 0) {
+                               perror("Size of buffer not recv\n");
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       bufsize = *((unsigned int *) buffer);
+                       ptr = buffer + sizeof(unsigned int);
+                       /* Keep receiving the buffer containing oid info */ 
+                       do {
+                               n = recv((int)sd, (void *)ptr+sum, bufsize-sum, 0);
+                               sum +=n;
+                       } while(sum < bufsize && n != 0);
+
+                       /* Decode the contents of the buffer */
+                       index = sizeof(unsigned int);
+                       while(index < (bufsize - sizeof(unsigned int))) {
+                               if(buffer[index] == OBJECT_FOUND) {
+                                       /* Increment it to get the object */
+                                       index += sizeof(char);
+                                       oid = *((unsigned int *)(buffer+index));
+                                       index += sizeof(unsigned int);
+                                       /* For each object found add to Prefetch Cache */
+                                       objsize = *((int *)(buffer+index));
+                                       index+=sizeof(int);
+                                       pthread_mutex_lock(&prefetchcache_mutex);
+                                       if ((modptr = objstrAlloc(prefetchcache, objsize)) == NULL) {
+                                               printf("objstrAlloc error for copying into prefetch cache %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                                               pthread_mutex_unlock(&prefetchcache_mutex);
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&prefetchcache_mutex);
+                                       memcpy(modptr, buffer+index, objsize);
+                                       index += objsize;
+                                       /* Insert the oid and its address into the prefetch hash lookup table */
+                                       /* Do a version comparison if the oid exists */
+                                       if((oldptr = prehashSearch(oid)) != NULL) {
+                                               /* If older version then update with new object ptr */
+                                               if(((objheader_t *)oldptr)->version < ((objheader_t *)modptr)->version) {
+                                                       prehashRemove(oid);
+                                                       prehashInsert(oid, modptr);
+                                               } else if(((objheader_t *)oldptr)->version == ((objheader_t *)modptr)->version) { 
+                                                       /* Add the new object ptr to hash table */
+                                                       prehashRemove(oid);
+                                                       prehashInsert(oid, modptr);
+                                               } else { /* Do nothing: TODO modptr should be reference counted */
+                                                       ;
+                                               }
+                                       } else {/*If doesn't no match found in hashtable, add the object ptr to hash table*/
+                                               prehashInsert(oid, modptr);
+                                       }
+                                       /* Lock the Prefetch Cache look up table*/
+                                       pthread_mutex_lock(&pflookup.lock);
+                                       /* Broadcast signal on prefetch cache condition variable */ 
+                                       pthread_cond_broadcast(&pflookup.cond);
+                                       /* Unlock the Prefetch Cache look up table*/
+                                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&pflookup.lock);
+                               } else if(buffer[index] == OBJECT_NOT_FOUND) {
+                                       /* Increment it to get the object */
+                                       /* TODO: For each object not found query DHT for new location and retrieve the object */
+                                       index += sizeof(char);
+                                       oid = *((unsigned int *)(buffer + index));
+                                       index += sizeof(unsigned int);
+                                       /* Throw an error */
+                                       printf("OBJECT NOT FOUND.... THIS SHOULD NOT HAPPEN...TERMINATE PROGRAM\n");
+                                       exit(-1);
+                               } else {
+                                       printf("Error in decoding the index value %s, %d\n",__FILE__, __LINE__);
+                                       return;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       i++;
+               }
+       } else
+               printf("Error in receving response for prefetch request %s, %d\n",__FILE__, __LINE__);
+       return;
+}
+
+unsigned short getObjType(unsigned int oid)
+{
+       objheader_t *objheader;
+       unsigned short numoffset[] ={0};
+       short fieldoffset[] ={};
+
+       if ((objheader = (objheader_t *) mhashSearch(oid)) == NULL)
+       {
+               if ((objheader = (objheader_t *) prehashSearch(oid)) == NULL)
+               {
+                       prefetch(1, &oid, numoffset, fieldoffset);
+                       pthread_mutex_lock(&pflookup.lock);
+                       while ((objheader = (objheader_t *) prehashSearch(oid)) == NULL)
+                       {
+                               pthread_cond_wait(&pflookup.cond, &pflookup.lock);
+                       }
+                       pthread_mutex_unlock(&pflookup.lock);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return TYPE(objheader);
+}
+
+int startRemoteThread(unsigned int oid, unsigned int mid)
+{
+       int sock;
+       struct sockaddr_in remoteAddr;
+       char msg[1 + sizeof(unsigned int)];
+       int bytesSent;
+       int status;
+
+       if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+       {
+               perror("startRemoteThread():socket()");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       bzero(&remoteAddr, sizeof(remoteAddr));
+       remoteAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+       remoteAddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);
+       remoteAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(mid);
+       
+       if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&remoteAddr, sizeof(remoteAddr)) < 0)
+       {
+               printf("startRemoteThread():error %d connecting to %s:%d\n", errno,
+                       inet_ntoa(remoteAddr.sin_addr), LISTEN_PORT);
+               status = -1;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               msg[0] = START_REMOTE_THREAD;
+               memcpy(&msg[1], &oid, sizeof(unsigned int));
+
+               bytesSent = send(sock, msg, 1 + sizeof(unsigned int), 0);
+               if (bytesSent < 0)
+               {
+                       perror("startRemoteThread():send()");
+                       status = -1;
+               }
+               else if (bytesSent != 1 + sizeof(unsigned int))
+               {
+                       printf("startRemoteThread(): error, sent %d bytes\n", bytesSent);
+                       status = -1;
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       status = 0;
+               }
+       }
+
+       close(sock);
+       return status;
+}
+
+//TODO: when reusing oids, make sure they are not already in use!
+unsigned int getNewOID(void) {
+       static unsigned int id = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+       
+       id += 2;
+       if (id > oidMax || id < oidMin)
+       {
+               id = (oidMin | 1);
+       }
+       return id;
+}
+
+int processConfigFile()
+{
+       FILE *configFile;
+       const int maxLineLength = 200;
+       char lineBuffer[maxLineLength];
+       char *token;
+       const char *delimiters = " \t\n";
+       char *commentBegin;
+       in_addr_t tmpAddr;
+       
+       configFile = fopen(CONFIG_FILENAME, "r");
+       if (configFile == NULL)
+       {
+               printf("error opening %s:\n", CONFIG_FILENAME);
+               perror("");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       numHostsInSystem = 0;
+       sizeOfHostArray = 8;
+       hostIpAddrs = calloc(sizeOfHostArray, sizeof(unsigned int));
+       
+       while(fgets(lineBuffer, maxLineLength, configFile) != NULL)
+       {
+               commentBegin = strchr(lineBuffer, '#');
+               if (commentBegin != NULL)
+                       *commentBegin = '\0';
+               token = strtok(lineBuffer, delimiters);
+               while (token != NULL)
+               {
+                       tmpAddr = inet_addr(token);
+                       if ((int)tmpAddr == -1)
+                       {
+                               printf("error in %s: bad token:%s\n", CONFIG_FILENAME, token);
+                               fclose(configFile);
+                               return -1;
+                       }
+                       else
+                               addHost(htonl(tmpAddr));
+                       token = strtok(NULL, delimiters);
+               }
+       }
+
+       fclose(configFile);
+       
+       if (numHostsInSystem < 1)
+       {
+               printf("error in %s: no IP Adresses found\n", CONFIG_FILENAME);
+               return -1;
+       }
+#ifdef MAC
+       myIpAddr = getMyIpAddr("en1");
+#else
+       myIpAddr = getMyIpAddr("eth0");
 #endif
-       //Insert into cache's lookup table
-       chashInsert(record->lookupTable, oid, objcopy); 
-       return objcopy;
+       myIndexInHostArray = findHost(myIpAddr);
+       if (myIndexInHostArray == -1)
+       {
+               printf("error in %s: IP Address of eth0 not found\n", CONFIG_FILENAME);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       oidsPerBlock = (0xFFFFFFFF / numHostsInSystem) + 1;
+       oidMin = oidsPerBlock * myIndexInHostArray;
+       if (myIndexInHostArray == numHostsInSystem - 1)
+               oidMax = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+       else
+               oidMax = oidsPerBlock * (myIndexInHostArray + 1) - 1;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+void addHost(unsigned int hostIp)
+{
+       unsigned int *tmpArray;
+
+       if (findHost(hostIp) != -1)
+               return;
+
+       if (numHostsInSystem == sizeOfHostArray)
+       {
+               tmpArray = calloc(sizeOfHostArray * 2, sizeof(unsigned int));
+               memcpy(tmpArray, hostIpAddrs, sizeof(unsigned int) * numHostsInSystem);
+               free(hostIpAddrs);
+               hostIpAddrs = tmpArray;
+       }
+
+       hostIpAddrs[numHostsInSystem++] = hostIp;
+
+       return;
+}
+
+int findHost(unsigned int hostIp)
+{
+       int i;
+       for (i = 0; i < numHostsInSystem; i++)
+               if (hostIpAddrs[i] == hostIp)
+                       return i;
+
+       //not found
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/* This function sends notification request per thread waiting on object(s) whose version 
+ * changes */
+int reqNotify(unsigned int *oidarry, unsigned short *versionarry, unsigned int numoid) {
+       int sock,i;
+       objheader_t *objheader;
+       struct sockaddr_in remoteAddr;
+       char msg[1 + numoid * (sizeof(short) + sizeof(unsigned int)) +  3 * sizeof(unsigned int)];
+       char *ptr;
+       int bytesSent;
+       int status, size;
+       unsigned short version;
+       unsigned int oid, threadid, mid;
+       pthread_mutex_t threadnotify; //Lock and condition var for threadjoin and notification
+       pthread_cond_t threadcond;
+       notifydata_t *ndata;
+
+       //FIXME currently all oids belong to one machine
+       oid = oidarry[0];
+       mid = lhashSearch(oid);
+
+       if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
+               perror("reqNotify():socket()");
+               return -1;
+       }
+
+       bzero(&remoteAddr, sizeof(remoteAddr));
+       remoteAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+       remoteAddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);
+       remoteAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(mid);
+
+       /* Generate unique threadid */
+       threadid = (unsigned int) pthread_self();
+
+       /* Save threadid, numoid, oidarray, versionarray, pthread_cond_variable for later processing */
+       if((ndata = calloc(1, sizeof(notifydata_t))) == NULL) {
+               printf("Calloc Error %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+               return -1;
+       }
+       ndata->numoid = numoid;
+       ndata->threadid = threadid;
+       ndata->oidarry = oidarry;
+       ndata->versionarry = versionarry;
+       ndata->threadcond = threadcond;
+       if((status = notifyhashInsert(threadid, ndata)) != 0) {
+               printf("reqNotify(): Insert into notify hash table not successful %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+               free(ndata);
+               return -1; 
+       }
+       
+       /* Send  number of oids, oidarry, version array, machine id and threadid */     
+       if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&remoteAddr, sizeof(remoteAddr)) < 0){
+               printf("reqNotify():error %d connecting to %s:%d\n", errno,
+                               inet_ntoa(remoteAddr.sin_addr), LISTEN_PORT);
+               free(ndata);
+               return -1;
+       } else {
+               msg[0] = THREAD_NOTIFY_REQUEST;
+               *((unsigned int *)(&msg[1])) = numoid;
+               /* Send array of oids  */
+               size = sizeof(unsigned int);
+               {
+                       i = 0;
+                       while(i < numoid) {
+                               oid = oidarry[i];
+                               *((unsigned int *)(&msg[1] + size)) = oid;
+                               size += sizeof(unsigned int);
+                               i++;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* Send array of version  */
+               {
+                       i = 0;
+                       while(i < numoid) {
+                               version = versionarry[i];
+                               *((unsigned short *)(&msg[1] + size)) = version;
+                               size += sizeof(unsigned short);
+                               i++;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               *((unsigned int *)(&msg[1] + size)) = myIpAddr;
+               size += sizeof(unsigned int);
+               *((unsigned int *)(&msg[1] + size)) = threadid;
+
+               pthread_mutex_lock(&threadnotify);
+               bytesSent = send(sock, msg, 1 + numoid * (sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(unsigned short)) + 2 * sizeof(unsigned int) , 0);
+               if (bytesSent < 0){
+                       perror("reqNotify():send()");
+                       status = -1;
+               } else if (bytesSent != 1 + numoid*(sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(unsigned short)) + 2 * sizeof(unsigned int)){
+                       printf("reNotify(): error, sent %d bytes\n", bytesSent);
+                       status = -1;
+               } else {
+                       status = 0;
+               }
+               pthread_cond_wait(&threadcond, &threadnotify);
+               pthread_mutex_unlock(&threadnotify);
+       }
+
+       close(sock);
+       return status;
+}
+void threadNotify(unsigned int oid, unsigned short version, unsigned int tid) {
+       notifydata_t *ndata;
+       int i, objIsFound = 0, index;
+       void *ptr;
+
+       //Look up the tid and call the corresponding pthread_cond_signal
+       if((ndata = notifyhashSearch(tid)) == NULL) {
+               printf("threadnotify(): No such threadid is present %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+               return;
+       } else  {
+               for(i = 0; i < ndata->numoid; i++) {
+                       if(ndata->oidarry[i] == oid){
+                               objIsFound = 1;
+                               index = i;
+                       }
+               }
+               if(objIsFound == 0){
+                       return;
+               } else {
+                       if(version <= ndata->versionarry[index]){
+                               return;
+                       } else {
+                               /* Clear from prefetch cache and free thread related data structure */
+                               if((ptr = prehashSearch(oid)) == NULL) {
+                                       //TODO Ask about freeing
+                                       printf("threadnotify(): No such oid %s, %d\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
+                                       pthread_cond_signal(&ndata->threadcond);
+                                       free(ndata);
+                                       return;
+                               } else {
+                                       prehashRemove(oid);
+                                       pthread_cond_signal(&ndata->threadcond);
+                                       free(ndata);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return;
+}
+
+int notifyAll(threadlist_t **head, unsigned int oid, unsigned int version) {
+       threadlist_t *ptr;
+       unsigned int mid;
+       struct sockaddr_in remoteAddr;
+       char msg[1 + sizeof(unsigned short) + 2*sizeof(unsigned int)];
+       int sock, status, size, bytesSent;
+       while(*head != NULL) {
+               ptr = *head;
+               mid = ptr->mid; 
+               //create a socket connection to that machine
+               if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
+                       perror("notifyAll():socket()");
+                       return -1;
+               }
+
+               bzero(&remoteAddr, sizeof(remoteAddr));
+               remoteAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+               remoteAddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);
+               remoteAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(mid);
+               //send Thread Notify response and threadid to that machine
+               if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&remoteAddr, sizeof(remoteAddr)) < 0){
+                       printf("notifyAll():error %d connecting to %s:%d\n", errno,
+                                       inet_ntoa(remoteAddr.sin_addr), LISTEN_PORT);
+                       status = -1;
+               } else {
+                       msg[0] = THREAD_NOTIFY_RESPONSE;
+                       msg[1] = oid;
+                       size = sizeof(unsigned int);
+                       *((unsigned short *)(&msg[1]+ size)) = version;
+                       size+= sizeof(unsigned short);
+                       *((unsigned int *)(&msg[1]+ size)) = ptr->threadid;
+
+                       bytesSent = send(sock, msg, 1 + 2*sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(unsigned short), 0);
+                       if (bytesSent < 0){
+                               perror("notifyAll():send()");
+                               status = -1;
+                       } else if (bytesSent != 1 + 2*sizeof(unsigned int) + sizeof(unsigned short)){
+                               printf("notifyAll(): error, sent %d bytes\n", bytesSent);
+                               status = -1;
+                       } else {
+                               status = 0;
+                       }
+               }
+               //close socket
+               close(sock);
+               // Update head
+               *head = ptr->next;
+               free(ptr);
+       }
+       return status;
+}
+
+void transAbort(transrecord_t *trans) {
+       objstrDelete(trans->cache);
+       chashDelete(trans->lookupTable);
+       free(trans);
 }