// evaluated each time through the tail recursion. Safely keeping allocas
// in the entry block requires analysis to proves that the tail-called
// function does not read or write the stack object.
-// 2. Tail recursion is only performed if the call immediately preceeds the
+// 2. Tail recursion is only performed if the call immediately precedes the
// return instruction. It's possible that there could be a jump between
// the call and the return.
// 3. There can be intervening operations between the call and the return that
#define DEBUG_TYPE "tailcallelim"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h"
#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
#include "llvm/Constants.h"
#include "llvm/DerivedTypes.h"
#include "llvm/Function.h"
#include "llvm/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/IntrinsicInst.h"
+#include "llvm/Module.h"
#include "llvm/Pass.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CaptureTracking.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/InlineCost.h"
+#include "llvm/Analysis/InstructionSimplify.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/Loads.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CallSite.h"
#include "llvm/Support/CFG.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
using namespace llvm;
STATISTIC(NumEliminated, "Number of tail calls removed");
+STATISTIC(NumRetDuped, "Number of return duplicated");
STATISTIC(NumAccumAdded, "Number of accumulators introduced");
namespace {
struct TailCallElim : public FunctionPass {
static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
- TailCallElim() : FunctionPass(ID) {}
+ TailCallElim() : FunctionPass(ID) {
+ initializeTailCallElimPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
+ }
virtual bool runOnFunction(Function &F);
private:
+ CallInst *FindTRECandidate(Instruction *I,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail);
+ bool EliminateRecursiveTailCall(CallInst *CI, ReturnInst *Ret,
+ BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
+ bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail);
+ bool FoldReturnAndProcessPred(BasicBlock *BB,
+ ReturnInst *Ret, BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
+ bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail);
bool ProcessReturningBlock(ReturnInst *RI, BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
char TailCallElim::ID = 0;
INITIALIZE_PASS(TailCallElim, "tailcallelim",
- "Tail Call Elimination", false, false);
+ "Tail Call Elimination", false, false)
// Public interface to the TailCallElimination pass
FunctionPass *llvm::createTailCallEliminationPass() {
bool TailCallsAreMarkedTail = false;
SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> ArgumentPHIs;
bool MadeChange = false;
-
bool FunctionContainsEscapingAllocas = false;
// CannotTCETailMarkedCall - If true, we cannot perform TCE on tail calls
return false;
// Second pass, change any tail calls to loops.
- for (Function::iterator BB = F.begin(), E = F.end(); BB != E; ++BB)
- if (ReturnInst *Ret = dyn_cast<ReturnInst>(BB->getTerminator()))
- MadeChange |= ProcessReturningBlock(Ret, OldEntry, TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ for (Function::iterator BB = F.begin(), E = F.end(); BB != E; ++BB) {
+ if (ReturnInst *Ret = dyn_cast<ReturnInst>(BB->getTerminator())) {
+ bool Change = ProcessReturningBlock(Ret, OldEntry, TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
ArgumentPHIs,CannotTCETailMarkedCall);
+ if (!Change && BB->getFirstNonPHIOrDbg() == Ret)
+ Change = FoldReturnAndProcessPred(BB, Ret, OldEntry,
+ TailCallsAreMarkedTail, ArgumentPHIs,
+ CannotTCETailMarkedCall);
+ MadeChange |= Change;
+ }
+ }
// If we eliminated any tail recursions, it's possible that we inserted some
// silly PHI nodes which just merge an initial value (the incoming operand)
PHINode *PN = ArgumentPHIs[i];
// If the PHI Node is a dynamic constant, replace it with the value it is.
- if (Value *PNV = PN->hasConstantValue()) {
+ if (Value *PNV = SimplifyInstruction(PN)) {
PN->replaceAllUsesWith(PNV);
PN->eraseFromParent();
}
}
}
- // Finally, if this function contains no non-escaping allocas, mark all calls
- // in the function as eligible for tail calls (there is no stack memory for
- // them to access).
- if (!FunctionContainsEscapingAllocas)
+ // Finally, if this function contains no non-escaping allocas, or calls
+ // setjmp, mark all calls in the function as eligible for tail calls
+ //(there is no stack memory for them to access).
+ if (!FunctionContainsEscapingAllocas && !F.callsFunctionThatReturnsTwice())
for (Function::iterator BB = F.begin(), E = F.end(); BB != E; ++BB)
for (BasicBlock::iterator I = BB->begin(), E = BB->end(); I != E; ++I)
if (CallInst *CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(I)) {
return getCommonReturnValue(cast<ReturnInst>(I->use_back()), CI);
}
-bool TailCallElim::ProcessReturningBlock(ReturnInst *Ret, BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
- bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
- SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
- bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail) {
- BasicBlock *BB = Ret->getParent();
+static Instruction *FirstNonDbg(BasicBlock::iterator I) {
+ while (isa<DbgInfoIntrinsic>(I))
+ ++I;
+ return &*I;
+}
+
+CallInst*
+TailCallElim::FindTRECandidate(Instruction *TI,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail) {
+ BasicBlock *BB = TI->getParent();
Function *F = BB->getParent();
- if (&BB->front() == Ret) // Make sure there is something before the ret...
- return false;
+ if (&BB->front() == TI) // Make sure there is something before the terminator.
+ return 0;
// Scan backwards from the return, checking to see if there is a tail call in
// this block. If so, set CI to it.
- CallInst *CI;
- BasicBlock::iterator BBI = Ret;
- while (1) {
+ CallInst *CI = 0;
+ BasicBlock::iterator BBI = TI;
+ while (true) {
CI = dyn_cast<CallInst>(BBI);
if (CI && CI->getCalledFunction() == F)
break;
if (BBI == BB->begin())
- return false; // Didn't find a potential tail call.
+ return 0; // Didn't find a potential tail call.
--BBI;
}
// If this call is marked as a tail call, and if there are dynamic allocas in
// the function, we cannot perform this optimization.
if (CI->isTailCall() && CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail)
- return false;
+ return 0;
// As a special case, detect code like this:
// double fabs(double f) { return __builtin_fabs(f); } // a 'fabs' call
// and disable this xform in this case, because the code generator will
// lower the call to fabs into inline code.
if (BB == &F->getEntryBlock() &&
- &BB->front() == CI && &*++BB->begin() == Ret &&
+ FirstNonDbg(BB->front()) == CI &&
+ FirstNonDbg(llvm::next(BB->begin())) == TI &&
callIsSmall(F)) {
// A single-block function with just a call and a return. Check that
// the arguments match.
for (; I != E && FI != FE; ++I, ++FI)
if (*I != &*FI) break;
if (I == E && FI == FE)
- return false;
+ return 0;
}
+ return CI;
+}
+
+bool TailCallElim::EliminateRecursiveTailCall(CallInst *CI, ReturnInst *Ret,
+ BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
+ bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail) {
// If we are introducing accumulator recursion to eliminate operations after
// the call instruction that are both associative and commutative, the initial
// value for the accumulator is placed in this variable. If this value is set
// tail call if all of the instructions between the call and the return are
// movable to above the call itself, leaving the call next to the return.
// Check that this is the case now.
- for (BBI = CI, ++BBI; &*BBI != Ret; ++BBI) {
+ BasicBlock::iterator BBI = CI;
+ for (++BBI; &*BBI != Ret; ++BBI) {
if (CanMoveAboveCall(BBI, CI)) continue;
// If we can't move the instruction above the call, it might be because it
- // is an associative and commutative operation that could be tranformed
+ // is an associative and commutative operation that could be transformed
// using accumulator recursion elimination. Check to see if this is the
// case, and if so, remember the initial accumulator value for later.
if ((AccumulatorRecursionEliminationInitVal =
return false;
}
+ BasicBlock *BB = Ret->getParent();
+ Function *F = BB->getParent();
+
// OK! We can transform this tail call. If this is the first one found,
// create the new entry block, allowing us to branch back to the old entry.
if (OldEntry == 0) {
Instruction *InsertPos = OldEntry->begin();
for (Function::arg_iterator I = F->arg_begin(), E = F->arg_end();
I != E; ++I) {
- PHINode *PN = PHINode::Create(I->getType(),
+ PHINode *PN = PHINode::Create(I->getType(), 2,
I->getName() + ".tr", InsertPos);
I->replaceAllUsesWith(PN); // Everyone use the PHI node now!
PN->addIncoming(I, NewEntry);
if (AccumulatorRecursionEliminationInitVal) {
Instruction *AccRecInstr = AccumulatorRecursionInstr;
// Start by inserting a new PHI node for the accumulator.
+ pred_iterator PB = pred_begin(OldEntry), PE = pred_end(OldEntry);
PHINode *AccPN =
PHINode::Create(AccumulatorRecursionEliminationInitVal->getType(),
+ std::distance(PB, PE) + 1,
"accumulator.tr", OldEntry->begin());
// Loop over all of the predecessors of the tail recursion block. For the
// other tail recursions eliminated) the accumulator is not modified.
// Because we haven't added the branch in the current block to OldEntry yet,
// it will not show up as a predecessor.
- for (pred_iterator PI = pred_begin(OldEntry), PE = pred_end(OldEntry);
- PI != PE; ++PI) {
+ for (pred_iterator PI = PB; PI != PE; ++PI) {
BasicBlock *P = *PI;
if (P == &F->getEntryBlock())
AccPN->addIncoming(AccumulatorRecursionEliminationInitVal, P);
// Now that all of the PHI nodes are in place, remove the call and
// ret instructions, replacing them with an unconditional branch.
- BranchInst::Create(OldEntry, Ret);
+ BranchInst *NewBI = BranchInst::Create(OldEntry, Ret);
+ NewBI->setDebugLoc(CI->getDebugLoc());
+
BB->getInstList().erase(Ret); // Remove return.
BB->getInstList().erase(CI); // Remove call.
++NumEliminated;
return true;
}
+
+bool TailCallElim::FoldReturnAndProcessPred(BasicBlock *BB,
+ ReturnInst *Ret, BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
+ bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail) {
+ bool Change = false;
+
+ // If the return block contains nothing but the return and PHI's,
+ // there might be an opportunity to duplicate the return in its
+ // predecessors and perform TRC there. Look for predecessors that end
+ // in unconditional branch and recursive call(s).
+ SmallVector<BranchInst*, 8> UncondBranchPreds;
+ for (pred_iterator PI = pred_begin(BB), E = pred_end(BB); PI != E; ++PI) {
+ BasicBlock *Pred = *PI;
+ TerminatorInst *PTI = Pred->getTerminator();
+ if (BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast<BranchInst>(PTI))
+ if (BI->isUnconditional())
+ UncondBranchPreds.push_back(BI);
+ }
+
+ while (!UncondBranchPreds.empty()) {
+ BranchInst *BI = UncondBranchPreds.pop_back_val();
+ BasicBlock *Pred = BI->getParent();
+ if (CallInst *CI = FindTRECandidate(BI, CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail)){
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << "FOLDING: " << *BB
+ << "INTO UNCOND BRANCH PRED: " << *Pred);
+ EliminateRecursiveTailCall(CI, FoldReturnIntoUncondBranch(Ret, BB, Pred),
+ OldEntry, TailCallsAreMarkedTail, ArgumentPHIs,
+ CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail);
+ ++NumRetDuped;
+ Change = true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return Change;
+}
+
+bool TailCallElim::ProcessReturningBlock(ReturnInst *Ret, BasicBlock *&OldEntry,
+ bool &TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ SmallVector<PHINode*, 8> &ArgumentPHIs,
+ bool CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail) {
+ CallInst *CI = FindTRECandidate(Ret, CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail);
+ if (!CI)
+ return false;
+
+ return EliminateRecursiveTailCall(CI, Ret, OldEntry, TailCallsAreMarkedTail,
+ ArgumentPHIs,
+ CannotTailCallElimCallsMarkedTail);
+}
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