X-Git-Url: http://demsky.eecs.uci.edu/git/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=Robust%2Fsrc%2FIR%2FFlat%2FBuildFlat.java;h=148f089a0b678b9fe10b54b34717e6b0c4be07ed;hb=ab6d009292bac1b2eb2102c3c1926368496a3faa;hp=be64f97a34e62fc28afb2e04a923950f0a0c7834;hpb=51f40170bab3a0b2bb4869579233ac0f22729dcf;p=IRC.git

diff --git a/Robust/src/IR/Flat/BuildFlat.java b/Robust/src/IR/Flat/BuildFlat.java
index be64f97a..148f089a 100644
--- a/Robust/src/IR/Flat/BuildFlat.java
+++ b/Robust/src/IR/Flat/BuildFlat.java
@@ -1,605 +1,1681 @@
 package IR.Flat;
 import IR.*;
 import IR.Tree.*;
+
 import java.util.*;
 
 public class BuildFlat {
-    State state;
-    Hashtable temptovar;
+  State state;
+  Hashtable temptovar;
+  MethodDescriptor currmd;
+  TypeUtil typeutil;
+
+  HashSet breakset;
+  HashSet continueset;
+  FlatExit fe;
+  
+  // for synchronized blocks
+  Stack<TempDescriptor> lockStack;
+
+  public BuildFlat(State st, TypeUtil typeutil) {
+    state=st;
+    temptovar=new Hashtable();
+    this.typeutil=typeutil;
+    this.breakset=new HashSet();
+    this.continueset=new HashSet();
+    this.lockStack = new Stack<TempDescriptor>();
+  }
+
+  public Hashtable getMap() {
+    return temptovar;
+  }
 
-    public BuildFlat(State st) {
-	state=st;
-	temptovar=new Hashtable();
+  public void buildFlat() {
+    Iterator it=state.getClassSymbolTable().getDescriptorsIterator();
+    while(it.hasNext()) {
+      ClassDescriptor cn=(ClassDescriptor)it.next();
+      flattenClass(cn);
     }
 
-    public Hashtable getMap() {
-	return temptovar;
+    Iterator task_it=state.getTaskSymbolTable().getDescriptorsIterator();
+    while(task_it.hasNext()) {
+      TaskDescriptor td=(TaskDescriptor)task_it.next();
+      flattenTask(td);
     }
+  }
 
-    public void buildFlat() {
-	Iterator it=state.getClassSymbolTable().getDescriptorsIterator();
-	while(it.hasNext()) {
-	    ClassDescriptor cn=(ClassDescriptor)it.next();
-	    flattenClass(cn);
-	}
-	
-	Iterator task_it=state.getTaskSymbolTable().getDescriptorsIterator();
-	while(task_it.hasNext()) {
-	    TaskDescriptor td=(TaskDescriptor)task_it.next();
-	    flattenTask(td);
-	}
+  private void flattenTask(TaskDescriptor td) {
+    BlockNode bn=state.getMethodBody(td);
+    NodePair np=flattenBlockNode(bn);
+    FlatNode fn=np.getBegin();
+    fe=new FlatExit();
+    FlatNode fn2=np.getEnd();
+
+    if (fn2!=null&& fn2.kind()!=FKind.FlatReturnNode) {
+      FlatReturnNode rnflat=new FlatReturnNode(null);
+      rnflat.addNext(fe);
+      fn2.addNext(rnflat);
     }
-    
-    private void flattenTask(TaskDescriptor td) {
-	BlockNode bn=state.getMethodBody(td);
-	FlatNode fn=flattenBlockNode(bn).getBegin();
-	FlatFlagActionNode ffan=new FlatFlagActionNode(false);
-	ffan.addNext(fn);
-	FlatMethod fm=new FlatMethod(td, ffan);
-
-	for(int i=0;i<td.numParameters();i++) {
-	    fm.addParameterTemp(getTempforVar(td.getParameter(i)));
+
+    FlatFlagActionNode ffan=new FlatFlagActionNode(FlatFlagActionNode.PRE);
+    ffan.setNumLine(bn.getNumLine());
+    ffan.addNext(fn);
+
+    FlatMethod fm=new FlatMethod(td, fe);
+    fm.addNext(ffan);
+
+    Hashtable visitedset=new Hashtable();
+
+    for(int i=0; i<td.numParameters(); i++) {
+      VarDescriptor paramvd=td.getParameter(i);
+      fm.addParameterTemp(getTempforVar(paramvd));
+      TagExpressionList tel=td.getTag(paramvd);
+      //BUG added next line to fix...to test feed in any task program
+      if (tel!=null)
+	for(int j=0; j<tel.numTags(); j++) {
+	  TagVarDescriptor tvd=(TagVarDescriptor) td.getParameterTable().getFromSameScope(tel.getName(j));
+	  TempDescriptor tagtmp=getTempforVar(tvd);
+	  if (!visitedset.containsKey(tvd.getName())) {
+	    visitedset.put(tvd.getName(),tvd.getTag());
+	    fm.addTagTemp(tagtmp);
+	  } else {
+	    TagDescriptor tmptd=(TagDescriptor) visitedset.get(tvd.getName());
+	    if (!tmptd.equals(tvd.getTag()))
+	      throw new Error("Two different tag types with same name as parameters to:"+td);
+	  }
+	  tel.setTemp(j, tagtmp);
 	}
+    }
+
+    /* Flatten Vector of Flag Effects */
+    Vector flags=td.getFlagEffects();
+    updateFlagActionNode(ffan,flags);
+
+    state.addFlatCode(td,fm);
+  }
 
-	/* Flatten Vector of Flag Effects */
-	Vector flags=td.getFlagEffects();
-	updateFlagActionNode(ffan,flags);
 
-	state.addFlatCode(td,fm);
+  /* This method transforms a vector of FlagEffects into the FlatFlagActionNode */
+  private void updateFlagActionNode(FlatFlagActionNode ffan, Vector flags) {
+    if (flags==null)     // Do nothing if the flag effects vector is empty
+      return;
+
+    for(int i=0; i<flags.size(); i++) {
+      FlagEffects fes=(FlagEffects)flags.get(i);
+      TempDescriptor flagtemp=getTempforVar(fes.getVar());
+      // Process the flags
+      for(int j=0; j<fes.numEffects(); j++) {
+	FlagEffect fe=fes.getEffect(j);
+	ffan.addFlagAction(flagtemp, fe.getFlag(), fe.getStatus());
+      }
+      // Process the tags
+      for(int j=0; j<fes.numTagEffects(); j++) {
+	TagEffect te=fes.getTagEffect(j);
+	TempDescriptor tagtemp=getTempforVar(te.getTag());
+
+	ffan.addTagAction(flagtemp, te.getTag().getTag(), tagtemp, te.getStatus());
+      }
     }
+  }
 
+  FlatAtomicEnterNode curran=null;
 
-    /* This method transforms a vector of FlagEffects into the FlatFlagActionNode */
-    private void updateFlagActionNode(FlatFlagActionNode ffan, Vector flags) {
-	for(int i=0;i<flags.size();i++) {
-	    FlagEffects fes=(FlagEffects)flags.get(i);
-	    TempDescriptor flagtemp=getTempforVar(fes.getVar());
-	    for(int j=0;j<fes.numEffects();j++) {
-		FlagEffect fe=fes.getEffect(j);
-		ffan.addFlagAction(flagtemp, fe.getFlag(), fe.getStatus());
-	    }
-	}
+  private FlatNode spliceReturn(FlatNode fn) {
+    FlatReturnNode rnflat=null;
+    if (currmd.getReturnType()==null||currmd.getReturnType().isVoid()) {
+      rnflat=new FlatReturnNode(null);
+      fn.addNext(rnflat);
+    } else {
+      TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("rettmp",currmd.getReturnType());
+      Object o=null;
+      if (currmd.getReturnType().isPtr()) {
+	o=null;
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isByte()) {
+	o=new Byte((byte)0);
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isShort()) {
+	o=new Short((short)0);
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isChar()) {
+	o=new Character('\0');
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isInt()) {
+	o=new Integer(0);
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isLong()) {
+	o=new Long(0);
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isBoolean()) {
+	o=new Boolean(false);
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isFloat()) {
+	o=new Float(0.0);
+      } else if (currmd.getReturnType().isDouble()) {
+	o=new Double(0.0);
     }
 
-    private void flattenClass(ClassDescriptor cn) {
-	Iterator methodit=cn.getMethods();
-	while(methodit.hasNext()) {
-	    MethodDescriptor md=(MethodDescriptor)methodit.next();
-	    BlockNode bn=state.getMethodBody(md);
-	    FlatNode fn=flattenBlockNode(bn).getBegin();
-	    FlatMethod fm=new FlatMethod(md, fn);
-	    if (!md.isStatic())
-		fm.addParameterTemp(getTempforVar(md.getThis()));
-	    for(int i=0;i<md.numParameters();i++) {
-		fm.addParameterTemp(getTempforVar(md.getParameter(i)));
-	    }
-	    System.out.println(fm.printMethod());
-	    state.addFlatCode(md,fm);
+
+      FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(currmd.getReturnType(),o,tmp);
+      rnflat=new FlatReturnNode(tmp);
+      fln.addNext(rnflat);
+      fn.addNext(fln);	    
+    }
+    return rnflat;
+  }
+
+  private void flattenClass(ClassDescriptor cn) {
+    Iterator methodit=cn.getMethods();
+    while(methodit.hasNext()) {     
+      currmd=(MethodDescriptor)methodit.next();
+      
+      // if OOOJava is on, splice a special SESE in to
+      // enclose the main method
+      boolean spliceInImplicitMain = 
+        state.OOOJAVA &&
+        currmd.equals( typeutil.getMain() );
+
+      FlatSESEEnterNode spliceSESE = null;
+      FlatSESEExitNode  spliceExit = null;
+
+      if( spliceInImplicitMain ) {
+        SESENode mainTree = new SESENode( "main" );
+        spliceSESE = new FlatSESEEnterNode( mainTree );
+        spliceExit = new FlatSESEExitNode ( mainTree );
+        spliceSESE.setFlatExit ( spliceExit );
+        spliceExit.setFlatEnter( spliceSESE );
+        spliceSESE.setIsMainSESE();
+      } 
+
+
+      fe=new FlatExit();
+
+      BlockNode bn=state.getMethodBody(currmd);
+
+      if (state.DSM&&currmd.getModifiers().isAtomic()) {
+        FlatAtomicEnterNode faen=new FlatAtomicEnterNode();
+        faen.setNumLine(bn.getNumLine());
+	curran = faen;
+      } else
+	curran=null;
+      if ((state.THREAD||state.MGC)&&currmd.getModifiers().isSynchronized()) {
+        TempDescriptor thistd = null;
+        if(currmd.getModifiers().isStatic()) {
+          // need to lock the Class object
+          thistd=new TempDescriptor("classobj", cn);
+        } else {
+          // lock this object
+          thistd=getTempforVar(currmd.getThis());
+        }
+        if(!this.lockStack.isEmpty()) {
+          throw new Error("The lock stack for synchronized blocks/methods is not empty!");
+        }
+        this.lockStack.push(thistd);
+      }
+      NodePair np=flattenBlockNode(bn);
+      FlatNode fn=np.getBegin();
+      if ((state.THREAD||state.MGC)&&currmd.getModifiers().isSynchronized()) {
+	MethodDescriptor memd=(MethodDescriptor)typeutil.getClass("Object").getMethodTable().get("MonitorEnter");
+    FlatNode first = null;
+    FlatNode end = null;
+    for(int j = 0; j < this.lockStack.size(); j++) {
+      TempDescriptor thistd = this.lockStack.elementAt(j);
+      FlatCall fc = new FlatCall(memd, null, thistd, new TempDescriptor[0]);
+      fc.setNumLine(bn.getNumLine());
+      if(first == null)  {
+        first = end = fc;
+      } else {
+        end.addNext(fc);
+        end = fc;
+      }
+    }
+	end.addNext(fn);
+	fn=first;
+    end = np.getEnd();
+	if (np.getEnd()!=null&&np.getEnd().kind()!=FKind.FlatReturnNode) {
+	  MethodDescriptor memdex=(MethodDescriptor)typeutil.getClass("Object").getMethodTable().get("MonitorExit");
+	  while(!this.lockStack.isEmpty()) {
+	    TempDescriptor thistd = this.lockStack.pop();
+	    FlatCall fcunlock = new FlatCall(memdex, null, thistd, new TempDescriptor[0]);
+	    fcunlock.setNumLine(bn.getNumLine());
+	    end.addNext(fcunlock);
+	    end = fcunlock;
+	  }
+	  FlatNode rnflat=spliceReturn(end);
+	  rnflat.addNext(fe);
+	} else {
+   this.lockStack.clear();   
+    }
+      } else if (state.DSM&&currmd.getModifiers().isAtomic()) {
+	curran.addNext(fn);
+	fn=curran;
+	if (np.getEnd()!=null&&np.getEnd().kind()!=FKind.FlatReturnNode) {
+	  FlatAtomicExitNode aen=new FlatAtomicExitNode(curran);
+	  np.getEnd().addNext(aen);
+	  FlatNode rnflat=spliceReturn(aen);
+	  rnflat.addNext(fe);
+	}	
+
+      } else if (np.getEnd()!=null&&np.getEnd().kind()!=FKind.FlatReturnNode) {
+	FlatNode rnflat=null;
+	if( spliceInImplicitMain ) {
+	  np.getEnd().addNext(spliceExit);
+	  rnflat=spliceReturn(spliceExit);
+	} else {
+	  rnflat=spliceReturn(np.getEnd());
+	}
+	rnflat.addNext(fe);
+      } else if (np.getEnd()!=null) {
+	if( spliceInImplicitMain ) {
+	  FlatReturnNode rnflat=(FlatReturnNode)np.getEnd();
+	  np.getEnd().addNext(spliceExit);
+	  spliceExit.addNext(fe);
 	}
+      }
+
+      if( spliceInImplicitMain ) {
+	spliceSESE.addNext(fn);
+	fn=spliceSESE;	 
+      }
+
+      FlatMethod fm=new FlatMethod(currmd, fe);
+      fm.setNumLine(bn.getNumLine());
+      fm.addNext(fn);
+      if (!currmd.isStatic())
+	fm.addParameterTemp(getTempforParam(currmd.getThis()));
+      for(int i=0; i<currmd.numParameters(); i++) {
+	fm.addParameterTemp(getTempforParam(currmd.getParameter(i)));
+      }
+
+      state.addFlatCode(currmd,fm);
     }
+  }
 
-    private NodePair flattenBlockNode(BlockNode bn) {
-	FlatNode begin=null;
-	FlatNode end=null;
-	for(int i=0;i<bn.size();i++) {
-	    NodePair np=flattenBlockStatementNode(bn.get(i));
-	    FlatNode np_begin=np.getBegin();
-	    FlatNode np_end=np.getEnd();
-	    if (begin==null) {
-		begin=np_begin;
-	    }
-	    if (end==null) {
-		end=np_end;
-	    } else {
-		end.addNext(np_begin);
-		end=np_end;
-	    }
+  private NodePair flattenBlockNode(BlockNode bn) {
+    FlatNode begin=null;
+    FlatNode end=null;
+    for(int i=0; i<bn.size(); i++) {
+      NodePair np=flattenBlockStatementNode(bn.get(i));
+      FlatNode np_begin=np.getBegin();
+      FlatNode np_end=np.getEnd();
+      if (begin==null) {
+	begin=np_begin;
+      }
+      if (end==null) {
+	end=np_end;
+      } else {
+	end.addNext(np_begin);
+	if (np_end==null) {
+	    return new NodePair(begin, null);
+	} else
+	    end=np_end;
+      }
+    }
+    if (begin==null) {
+      end=begin=new FlatNop();
+    }
+    return new NodePair(begin,end);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenBlockExpressionNode(BlockExpressionNode en) {
+    //System.out.println("DEBUG -> inside flattenBlockExpressionNode\n");
+    TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("neverused",en.getExpression().getType());
+    return flattenExpressionNode(en.getExpression(),tmp);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenCastNode(CastNode cn,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tocast",cn.getExpression().getType());
+    NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(cn.getExpression(), tmp);
+    FlatCastNode fcn=new FlatCastNode(cn.getType(), tmp, out_temp);
+    fcn.setNumLine(cn.getNumLine());
+    np.getEnd().addNext(fcn);
+    return new NodePair(np.getBegin(),fcn);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenLiteralNode(LiteralNode ln,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(ln.getType(), ln.getValue(), out_temp);
+    fln.setNumLine(ln.getNumLine());
+    return new NodePair(fln,fln);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenOffsetNode(OffsetNode ofn, TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    FlatOffsetNode fln = new FlatOffsetNode(ofn.getClassType(), ofn.getField(), out_temp);
+    fln.setNumLine(ofn.getNumLine());
+    return new NodePair(fln, fln);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenCreateObjectNode(CreateObjectNode con,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TypeDescriptor td=con.getType();
+    if (!td.isArray()) {
+      FlatNode fn=new FlatNew(td, out_temp, con.isGlobal(), con.getDisjointId());
+      FlatNode last=fn;
+      //handle wrapper fields
+      ClassDescriptor cd=td.getClassDesc();
+      for(Iterator fieldit=cd.getFields();fieldit.hasNext();) {
+	FieldDescriptor fd=(FieldDescriptor)fieldit.next();
+	if (fd.getType().iswrapper()) {
+	  TempDescriptor wrap_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("wrapper_obj",fd.getType());
+	  FlatNode fnwrapper=new FlatNew(fd.getType(), wrap_tmp, con.isGlobal());
+	  fnwrapper.setNumLine(con.getNumLine());
+	  FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(out_temp, fd, wrap_tmp);
+	  fsfn.setNumLine(con.getNumLine());
+	  last.addNext(fnwrapper);
+	  fnwrapper.addNext(fsfn);
+	  last=fsfn;
 	}
-	if (begin==null) {
-	    end=begin=new FlatNop();
+      }
+
+      TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[con.numArgs()];
+
+      // Build arguments
+      for(int i=0; i<con.numArgs(); i++) {
+	ExpressionNode en=con.getArg(i);
+	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
+	temps[i]=tmp;
+	NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, tmp);
+	last.addNext(np.getBegin());
+	last=np.getEnd();
+      }
+      MethodDescriptor md=con.getConstructor();
+      //Call to constructor
+      FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(md, null, out_temp, temps);
+      fc.setNumLine(con.getNumLine());
+      last.addNext(fc);
+      last=fc;
+      if (td.getClassDesc().hasFlags()) {
+	//	    if (con.getFlagEffects()!=null) {
+	FlatFlagActionNode ffan=new FlatFlagActionNode(FlatFlagActionNode.NEWOBJECT);
+	ffan.setNumLine(con.getNumLine());
+	FlagEffects fes=con.getFlagEffects();
+	TempDescriptor flagtemp=out_temp;
+	if (fes!=null) {
+	  for(int j=0; j<fes.numEffects(); j++) {
+	    FlagEffect fe=fes.getEffect(j);
+	    ffan.addFlagAction(flagtemp, fe.getFlag(), fe.getStatus());
+	  }
+	  for(int j=0; j<fes.numTagEffects(); j++) {
+	    TagEffect te=fes.getTagEffect(j);
+	    TempDescriptor tagtemp=getTempforVar(te.getTag());
+
+	    ffan.addTagAction(flagtemp, te.getTag().getTag(), tagtemp, te.getStatus());
+	  }
+	} else {
+	  ffan.addFlagAction(flagtemp, null, false);
 	}
-    	return new NodePair(begin,end);
+	last.addNext(ffan);
+	last=ffan;
+      }
+      return new NodePair(fn,last);
+    } else {
+      if(con.getArrayInitializer() == null) {
+      FlatNode first=null;
+      FlatNode last=null;
+      TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[con.numArgs()];
+      for (int i=0; i<con.numArgs(); i++) {
+	ExpressionNode en=con.getArg(i);
+	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
+	temps[i]=tmp;
+	NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, tmp);
+	if (first==null)
+	  first=np.getBegin();
+	else
+	  last.addNext(np.getBegin());
+	last=np.getEnd();
+
+	TempDescriptor tmp2=(i==0) ?
+	                     out_temp :
+	                     TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
+      }
+      FlatNew fn=new FlatNew(td, out_temp, temps[0], con.isGlobal(), con.getDisjointId());
+      last.addNext(fn);
+      if (temps.length>1) {
+	NodePair np=generateNewArrayLoop(temps, td.dereference(), out_temp, 0, con.isGlobal());
+	fn.addNext(np.getBegin());
+	return new NodePair(first,np.getEnd());
+      } else if (td.isArray()&&td.dereference().iswrapper()) {
+	NodePair np=generateNewArrayLoop(temps, td.dereference(), out_temp, 0, con.isGlobal());
+	fn.addNext(np.getBegin());
+	return new NodePair(first,np.getEnd());
+      } else
+	return new NodePair(first, fn);
+      } else if(state.MGC) {
+      // array creation with initializers
+        return flattenArrayInitializerNode(con.getArrayInitializer(), out_temp);
+      }
+      return null;
     }
+  }
+
+  private NodePair generateNewArrayLoop(TempDescriptor[] temparray, TypeDescriptor td, TempDescriptor tmp, int i, boolean isglobal) {
+    TempDescriptor index=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
+    TempDescriptor tmpone=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
+    FlatNop fnop=new FlatNop();    //last node
 
-    private NodePair flattenBlockExpressionNode(BlockExpressionNode en) {
-	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("neverused",en.getExpression().getType());
-	return flattenExpressionNode(en.getExpression(),tmp);
+    //index=0
+    FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(index.getType(),new Integer(0),index);
+    //tmpone=1
+    FlatLiteralNode fln2=new FlatLiteralNode(tmpone.getType(),new Integer(1),tmpone);
+
+    TempDescriptor tmpbool=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("comp",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+
+    FlatOpNode fcomp=new FlatOpNode(tmpbool,index,temparray[i],new Operation(Operation.LT));
+    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(tmpbool);
+    fcb.setTrueProb(State.TRUEPROB);
+    fcb.setLoop();
+    //is index<temp[i]
+    TempDescriptor new_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tmp",td);
+    FlatNew fn=td.iswrapper()?new FlatNew(td, new_tmp, isglobal):new FlatNew(td, new_tmp, temparray[i+1], isglobal);
+    FlatSetElementNode fsen=new FlatSetElementNode(tmp,index,new_tmp);
+    // index=index+1
+    FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(index,index,tmpone,new Operation(Operation.ADD));
+    //jump out
+    fln.addNext(fln2);
+    fln2.addNext(fcomp);
+    fcomp.addNext(fcb);
+    fcb.addTrueNext(fn);
+    fcb.addFalseNext(fnop);
+    fn.addNext(fsen);
+    //Recursive call here
+    if ((i+2)<temparray.length) {
+      NodePair np2=generateNewArrayLoop(temparray, td.dereference(), new_tmp, i+1, isglobal);
+      fsen.addNext(np2.getBegin());
+      np2.getEnd().addNext(fon);
+    } else if (td.isArray()&&td.dereference().iswrapper()) {
+      NodePair np2=generateNewArrayLoop(temparray, td.dereference(), new_tmp, i+1, isglobal);
+      fsen.addNext(np2.getBegin());
+      np2.getEnd().addNext(fon);      
+    } else {
+      fsen.addNext(fon);
     }
+    fon.addNext(fcomp);
+    return new NodePair(fln, fnop);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenMethodInvokeNode(MethodInvokeNode min,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[min.numArgs()];
+    FlatNode first=null;
+    FlatNode last=null;
+    TempDescriptor thisarg=null;
 
-    private NodePair flattenCastNode(CastNode cn,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tocast",cn.getExpression().getType());
-	NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(cn.getExpression(), tmp);
-	FlatCastNode fcn=new FlatCastNode(cn.getType(), tmp, out_temp);
-	np.getEnd().addNext(fcn);
-	return new NodePair(np.getBegin(),fcn);
+    if (min.getExpression()!=null) {
+      TypeDescriptor mtd = min.getExpression().getType();
+      if(state.MGC && mtd.isClass() && mtd.getClassDesc().isEnum()) {
+        mtd = new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT);
+      }
+      thisarg=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("thisarg", mtd);
+      NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(min.getExpression(),thisarg);
+      first=np.getBegin();
+      last=np.getEnd();
     }
 
-    private NodePair flattenLiteralNode(LiteralNode ln,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(ln.getType(), ln.getValue(), out_temp);
-	return new NodePair(fln,fln);
+    //Build arguments
+    for(int i=0; i<min.numArgs(); i++) {
+      ExpressionNode en=min.getArg(i);
+      TypeDescriptor etd = en.getType();
+      if(state.MGC && etd.isClass() && etd.getClassDesc().isEnum()) {
+        etd = new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT);
+      }
+      TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg", etd);
+      temps[i]=td;
+      NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, td);
+      if (first==null)
+	first=np.getBegin();
+      else
+	last.addNext(np.getBegin());
+      last=np.getEnd();
     }
 
-    private NodePair flattenCreateObjectNode(CreateObjectNode con,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	TypeDescriptor td=con.getType();
-	if (!td.isArray()) {
-	    FlatNew fn=new FlatNew(td, out_temp);
-	    TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[con.numArgs()];
-	    FlatNode last=fn;
+    MethodDescriptor md=min.getMethod();
 
-	    if (con.getFlagEffects()!=null) {
-		FlatFlagActionNode ffan=new FlatFlagActionNode(false);
-		FlagEffects fes=con.getFlagEffects();
-		TempDescriptor flagtemp=out_temp;
-		for(int j=0;j<fes.numEffects();j++) {
-		    FlagEffect fe=fes.getEffect(j);
-		    ffan.addFlagAction(flagtemp, fe.getFlag(), fe.getStatus());
-		}
-		last.addNext(ffan);
-		last=ffan;
-	    }
-	    //Build arguments
-	    for(int i=0;i<con.numArgs();i++) {
-		ExpressionNode en=con.getArg(i);
-		TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
-		temps[i]=tmp;
-		NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, tmp);
-		last.addNext(np.getBegin());
-		last=np.getEnd();
-	    }
-	    MethodDescriptor md=con.getConstructor();
-	    //Call to constructor
-	    FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(md, null, out_temp, temps);
-	    last.addNext(fc);
-	    last=fc;
-	    return new NodePair(fn,last); 
-	} else {
-	    FlatNode first=null;
-	    FlatNode last=null;
-	    TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[con.numArgs()];
-	    for (int i=0;i<con.numArgs();i++) {
-		ExpressionNode en=con.getArg(i);
-		TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
-		temps[i]=tmp;		
-		NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, tmp);
-		if (first==null)
-		    first=np.getBegin();
-		else
-		    last.addNext(np.getBegin());
-		last=np.getEnd();
-		
-		TempDescriptor tmp2=(i==0)?
-		    out_temp:
-		TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
-	    }
-	    FlatNew fn=new FlatNew(td, out_temp, temps[0]);
-	    last.addNext(fn);
-	    if (temps.length>1) {
-		NodePair np=generateNewArrayLoop(temps, td.dereference(), out_temp, 0);
-		fn.addNext(np.getBegin());
-		return new NodePair(first,np.getEnd()); 
-	    } else
-		return new NodePair(first, fn);
-	}
+    //Call to constructor
+
+    FlatCall fc;
+    if(md.getReturnType()==null||md.getReturnType().isVoid())
+      fc=new FlatCall(md, null, thisarg, temps);      
+    else
+      fc=new FlatCall(md, out_temp, thisarg, temps);
+    
+    fc.setNumLine(min.getNumLine());
+    
+    if (first==null) {
+      first=fc;
+    } else
+      last.addNext(fc);
+    return new NodePair(first,fc);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenFieldAccessNode(FieldAccessNode fan,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor tmp=null;
+    if(fan.getExpression().getType().isClassNameRef()) {
+      // static field dereference with class name
+      tmp = new TempDescriptor(fan.getExpression().getType().getClassDesc().getSymbol(), fan.getExpression().getType());
+      FlatFieldNode fn=new FlatFieldNode(fan.getField(),tmp,out_temp);
+      fn.setNumLine(fan.getNumLine());
+      return new NodePair(fn,fn);
+    } else {
+      tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp",fan.getExpression().getType());
+      NodePair npe=flattenExpressionNode(fan.getExpression(),tmp);
+      FlatFieldNode fn=new FlatFieldNode(fan.getField(),tmp,out_temp);
+      fn.setNumLine(fan.getNumLine());
+      npe.getEnd().addNext(fn);
+      return new NodePair(npe.getBegin(),fn);
     }
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenArrayAccessNode(ArrayAccessNode aan,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp",aan.getExpression().getType());
+    TempDescriptor tmpindex=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp",aan.getIndex().getType());
+    NodePair npe=flattenExpressionNode(aan.getExpression(),tmp);
+    NodePair npi=flattenExpressionNode(aan.getIndex(),tmpindex);
+    TempDescriptor arraytmp=out_temp;
+    if (aan.iswrapper()) {
+      //have wrapper
+      arraytmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp", aan.getExpression().getType().dereference());
+    }
+    FlatNode fn=new FlatElementNode(tmp,tmpindex,arraytmp);
+    fn.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+    npe.getEnd().addNext(npi.getBegin());
+    npi.getEnd().addNext(fn);
+    if (aan.iswrapper()) {
+      FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode((FieldDescriptor)aan.getExpression().getType().dereference().getClassDesc().getFieldTable().get("value") ,arraytmp,out_temp);
+      ffn.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+      fn.addNext(ffn);
+      fn=ffn;
+    }
+    return new NodePair(npe.getBegin(),fn);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenAssignmentNode(AssignmentNode an,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    // Three cases:
+    // left side is variable
+    // left side is field
+    // left side is array
 
-    private NodePair generateNewArrayLoop(TempDescriptor[] temparray, TypeDescriptor td, TempDescriptor tmp, int i) {
-	TempDescriptor index=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
-	TempDescriptor tmpone=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
-	FlatNop fnop=new FlatNop();//last node
-
-	//index=0
-	FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(index.getType(),new Integer(0),index);
-	//tmpone=1
-	FlatLiteralNode fln2=new FlatLiteralNode(tmpone.getType(),new Integer(1),tmpone);
-
-	TempDescriptor tmpbool=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("comp",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
-
-	FlatOpNode fcomp=new FlatOpNode(tmpbool,index,temparray[i],new Operation(Operation.LT));
-	FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(tmpbool);
-	//is index<temp[i]
-	TempDescriptor new_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tmp",td);
-	FlatNew fn=new FlatNew(td, new_tmp, temparray[i+1]);
-	FlatSetElementNode fsen=new FlatSetElementNode(tmp,index,new_tmp);
-	// index=index+1
-	FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(index,index,tmpone,new Operation(Operation.ADD));
-	//jump out
-	fln.addNext(fln2);
-	fln2.addNext(fcomp);
-	fcomp.addNext(fcb);
-	fcb.addTrueNext(fn);
-	fcb.addFalseNext(fnop);
-	fn.addNext(fsen);
-	//Recursive call here
-	if ((i+2)<temparray.length) {
-	    NodePair np2=generateNewArrayLoop(temparray, td.dereference(), new_tmp, i+1);
-	    fsen.addNext(np2.getBegin());
-	    np2.getEnd().addNext(fon);
+    Operation base=an.getOperation().getBaseOp();
+    boolean pre=base==null||(base.getOp()!=Operation.POSTINC&&base.getOp()!=Operation.POSTDEC);
+
+    if (!pre) {
+      //rewrite the base operation
+      base=base.getOp()==Operation.POSTINC ? new Operation(Operation.ADD) : new Operation(Operation.SUB);
+    }
+    FlatNode first=null;
+    FlatNode last=null;
+    TempDescriptor src_tmp = src_tmp=an.getSrc()==null ? TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp",an.getDest().getType()) : TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp",an.getSrc().getType());
+
+    //Get src value
+    if (an.getSrc()!=null) {
+      if(an.getSrc().getEval() != null) {
+        FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(an.getSrc().getType(), an.getSrc().getEval().longValue(), src_tmp);
+        fln.setNumLine(an.getSrc().getNumLine());
+        first = last =fln;
+      } else {
+        NodePair np_src=flattenExpressionNode(an.getSrc(),src_tmp);
+        first=np_src.getBegin();
+        last=np_src.getEnd();
+      }
+    } else if (!pre) {
+      FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT),new Integer(1),src_tmp);
+      fln.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+      first=fln;
+      last=fln;
+    }
+
+    if (an.getDest().kind()==Kind.FieldAccessNode) {
+      //We are assigning an object field
+
+      FieldAccessNode fan=(FieldAccessNode)an.getDest();
+      ExpressionNode en=fan.getExpression();
+      TempDescriptor dst_tmp=null;
+      NodePair np_baseexp=null;
+      if(en.getType().isClassNameRef()) {
+        // static field dereference with class name
+        dst_tmp = new TempDescriptor(en.getType().getClassDesc().getSymbol(), en.getType());
+        FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
+        np_baseexp = new NodePair(nop,nop);
+      } else {
+        dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst",en.getType());
+        np_baseexp=flattenExpressionNode(en, dst_tmp);
+      }
+      if (first==null)
+	first=np_baseexp.getBegin();
+      else
+	last.addNext(np_baseexp.getBegin());
+      last=np_baseexp.getEnd();
+
+      //See if we need to perform an operation
+      if (base!=null) {
+	//If it is a preinc we need to store the initial value
+	TempDescriptor src_tmp2=pre ? TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src",an.getDest().getType()) : out_temp;
+	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp3_",an.getDest().getType());
+	FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode(fan.getField(), dst_tmp, src_tmp2);
+	ffn.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	last.addNext(ffn);
+	last=ffn;
+
+	if (base.getOp()==Operation.ADD&&an.getDest().getType().isString()) {
+	  ClassDescriptor stringcd=typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.StringClass);
+	  MethodDescriptor concatmd=typeutil.getMethod(stringcd, "concat2", new TypeDescriptor[] {new TypeDescriptor(stringcd), new TypeDescriptor(stringcd)});
+	  FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(concatmd, tmp, null, new TempDescriptor[] {src_tmp2, src_tmp});
+	  fc.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	  src_tmp=tmp;
+	  last.addNext(fc);
+	  last=fc;
 	} else {
-	    fsen.addNext(fon);
+	  FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(tmp, src_tmp2, src_tmp, base);
+	  fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	  src_tmp=tmp;
+	  last.addNext(fon);
+	  last=fon;
 	}
-	fon.addNext(fcomp);
-	return new NodePair(fln, fnop);
-    }
+      }
+
+      FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(dst_tmp, fan.getField(), src_tmp);
+      fsfn.setNumLine(en.getNumLine());
+      last.addNext(fsfn);
+      last=fsfn;
+      if (pre) {
+	FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	fon2.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	fsfn.addNext(fon2);
+	last=fon2;
+      }
+      return new NodePair(first, last);
+    } else if (an.getDest().kind()==Kind.ArrayAccessNode) {
+      //We are assigning an array element
+
+      ArrayAccessNode aan=(ArrayAccessNode)an.getDest();
+      ExpressionNode en=aan.getExpression();
+      ExpressionNode enindex=aan.getIndex();
+      TempDescriptor dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst",en.getType());
+      TempDescriptor index_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index",enindex.getType());
+      NodePair np_baseexp=flattenExpressionNode(en, dst_tmp);
+      NodePair np_indexexp=flattenExpressionNode(enindex, index_tmp);
+      if (first==null)
+	first=np_baseexp.getBegin();
+      else
+	last.addNext(np_baseexp.getBegin());
+      np_baseexp.getEnd().addNext(np_indexexp.getBegin());
+      last=np_indexexp.getEnd();
 
-    private NodePair flattenMethodInvokeNode(MethodInvokeNode min,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[min.numArgs()];
-	FlatNode first=null;
-	FlatNode last=null;
-	TempDescriptor thisarg=null;
+      //See if we need to perform an operation
+      if (base!=null) {
+	//If it is a preinc we need to store the initial value
+	TempDescriptor src_tmp2=pre ? TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src",an.getDest().getType()) : out_temp;
+	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp3_",an.getDest().getType());
 
-	if (min.getExpression()!=null) {
-	    thisarg=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("thisarg",min.getExpression().getType());
-	    NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(min.getExpression(),thisarg);
-	    first=np.getBegin();
-	    last=np.getEnd();
+	if (aan.iswrapper()) {
+	  TypeDescriptor arrayeltype=aan.getExpression().getType().dereference();
+	  TempDescriptor src_tmp3=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src3",arrayeltype);
+	  FlatElementNode fen=new FlatElementNode(dst_tmp, index_tmp, src_tmp3);
+	  fen.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+	  FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode((FieldDescriptor)arrayeltype.getClassDesc().getFieldTable().get("value"),src_tmp3,src_tmp2);
+	  ffn.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+	  last.addNext(fen);
+	  fen.addNext(ffn);
+	  last=ffn;
+	} else {
+	  FlatElementNode fen=new FlatElementNode(dst_tmp, index_tmp, src_tmp2);
+	  fen.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+	  last.addNext(fen);
+	  last=fen;
 	}
-	
-	//Build arguments
-	for(int i=0;i<min.numArgs();i++) {
-	    ExpressionNode en=min.getArg(i);
-	    TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
-	    temps[i]=td;
-	    NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, td);
-	    if (first==null)
-		first=np.getBegin();
-	    else 
-		last.addNext(np.getBegin());
-	    last=np.getEnd();
+	if (base.getOp()==Operation.ADD&&an.getDest().getType().isString()) {
+	  ClassDescriptor stringcd=typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.StringClass);
+	  MethodDescriptor concatmd=typeutil.getMethod(stringcd, "concat2", new TypeDescriptor[] {new TypeDescriptor(stringcd), new TypeDescriptor(stringcd)});
+	  FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(concatmd, tmp, null, new TempDescriptor[] {src_tmp2, src_tmp});
+	  fc.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	  src_tmp=tmp;
+	  last.addNext(fc);
+	  last=fc;
+	} else {
+	  FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(tmp, src_tmp2, src_tmp, base);
+	  fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	  src_tmp=tmp;
+	  last.addNext(fon);
+	  last=fon;
 	}
+      }
 
-	MethodDescriptor md=min.getMethod();
-	
-	//Call to constructor
-	
-	FlatCall fc;
-	if(md.getReturnType()==null||md.getReturnType().isVoid())
-	    fc=new FlatCall(md, null, thisarg, temps);
-	else 
-	    fc=new FlatCall(md, out_temp, thisarg, temps);
-	if (first==null) {
-	    first=fc;
-	} else
-	    last.addNext(fc);
-	return new NodePair(first,fc);
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenFieldAccessNode(FieldAccessNode fan,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp",fan.getExpression().getType());
-	NodePair npe=flattenExpressionNode(fan.getExpression(),tmp);
-	FlatFieldNode fn=new FlatFieldNode(fan.getField(),tmp,out_temp);
-	npe.getEnd().addNext(fn);
-	return new NodePair(npe.getBegin(),fn);
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenArrayAccessNode(ArrayAccessNode aan,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp",aan.getExpression().getType());
-	TempDescriptor tmpindex=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("temp",aan.getIndex().getType());
-	NodePair npe=flattenExpressionNode(aan.getExpression(),tmp);
-	NodePair npi=flattenExpressionNode(aan.getIndex(),tmpindex);
-	FlatElementNode fn=new FlatElementNode(tmp,tmpindex,out_temp);
-	npe.getEnd().addNext(npi.getBegin());
-	npi.getEnd().addNext(fn);
-	return new NodePair(npe.getBegin(),fn);
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenAssignmentNode(AssignmentNode an,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	// Two cases:
-	// left side is variable
-	// left side is field
-	
-	Operation base=an.getOperation().getBaseOp();
-	TempDescriptor src_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src",an.getSrc().getType());
-	NodePair np_src=flattenExpressionNode(an.getSrc(),src_tmp);
-	FlatNode last=np_src.getEnd();
+      if (aan.iswrapper()) { 
+	TypeDescriptor arrayeltype=aan.getExpression().getType().dereference();
+	TempDescriptor src_tmp3=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src3",arrayeltype);
+	FlatElementNode fen=new FlatElementNode(dst_tmp, index_tmp, src_tmp3);
+	fen.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+	FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(src_tmp3,(FieldDescriptor)arrayeltype.getClassDesc().getFieldTable().get("value"),src_tmp);
+	fsfn.setNumLine(aan.getExpression().getNumLine());
+	last.addNext(fen);
+	fen.addNext(fsfn);
+	last=fsfn;
+      } else { 
+	FlatSetElementNode fsen=new FlatSetElementNode(dst_tmp, index_tmp, src_tmp);
+	fsen.setNumLine(aan.getNumLine());
+	last.addNext(fsen);
+	last=fsen;
+      }
+      if (pre) {
+	FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	fon2.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	last.addNext(fon2);
+	last=fon2;
+      }
+      return new NodePair(first, last);
+    } else if (an.getDest().kind()==Kind.NameNode) {
+      //We could be assigning a field or variable
+      NameNode nn=(NameNode)an.getDest();
+
+
+      if (nn.getExpression()!=null) {
+	//It is a field
+	FieldAccessNode fan=(FieldAccessNode)nn.getExpression();
+	ExpressionNode en=fan.getExpression();
+    TempDescriptor dst_tmp=null;
+    NodePair np_baseexp=null;
+    if(en.getType().isClassNameRef()) {
+      // static field dereference with class name
+      dst_tmp = new TempDescriptor(en.getType().getClassDesc().getSymbol(), en.getType());
+      FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
+      np_baseexp = new NodePair(nop,nop);
+    } else {
+      dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst",en.getType());
+      np_baseexp=flattenExpressionNode(en, dst_tmp);
+    }
+	if (first==null)
+	  first=np_baseexp.getBegin();
+	else
+	  last.addNext(np_baseexp.getBegin());
+	last=np_baseexp.getEnd();
+
+	//See if we need to perform an operation
 	if (base!=null) {
-	    TempDescriptor src_tmp2=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tmp", an.getDest().getType());
-	    NodePair np_dst_init=flattenExpressionNode(an.getDest(),src_tmp2);
-	    last.addNext(np_dst_init.getBegin());
-	    TempDescriptor dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst_tmp",an.getDest().getType());
-	    FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(dst_tmp, src_tmp,src_tmp2, base);
-	    np_dst_init.getEnd().addNext(fon);
+	  //If it is a preinc we need to store the initial value
+	  TempDescriptor src_tmp2=pre ? TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src",an.getDest().getType()) : out_temp;
+	  TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp3_",an.getDest().getType());
+
+	  FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode(fan.getField(), dst_tmp, src_tmp2);
+	  ffn.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	  last.addNext(ffn);
+	  last=ffn;
+
+
+	  if (base.getOp()==Operation.ADD&&an.getDest().getType().isString()) {
+	    ClassDescriptor stringcd=typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.StringClass);
+	    MethodDescriptor concatmd=typeutil.getMethod(stringcd, "concat2", new TypeDescriptor[] {new TypeDescriptor(stringcd), new TypeDescriptor(stringcd)});
+	    FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(concatmd, tmp, null, new TempDescriptor[] {src_tmp2, src_tmp});
+	    fc.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	    src_tmp=tmp;
+	    last.addNext(fc);
+	    last=fc;
+	  } else {
+	    FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(tmp, src_tmp2, src_tmp, base);
+	    fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	    src_tmp=tmp;
+	    last.addNext(fon);
 	    last=fon;
-	    src_tmp=dst_tmp;
+	  }
+	}
+
+
+	FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(dst_tmp, fan.getField(), src_tmp);
+	fsfn.setNumLine(en.getNumLine());
+	last.addNext(fsfn);
+	last=fsfn;
+	if (pre) {
+	  FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	  fon2.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	  fsfn.addNext(fon2);
+	  last=fon2;
 	}
-	
-	if (an.getDest().kind()==Kind.FieldAccessNode) {
-	    FieldAccessNode fan=(FieldAccessNode)an.getDest();
-	    ExpressionNode en=fan.getExpression();
-	    TempDescriptor dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst",en.getType());
-	    NodePair np_baseexp=flattenExpressionNode(en, dst_tmp);
-	    last.addNext(np_baseexp.getBegin());
-	    FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(dst_tmp, fan.getField(), src_tmp);
-	    np_baseexp.getEnd().addNext(fsfn);
-	    return new NodePair(np_src.getBegin(), fsfn);
-	} else if (an.getDest().kind()==Kind.ArrayAccessNode) {
-	    ArrayAccessNode aan=(ArrayAccessNode)an.getDest();
-	    ExpressionNode en=aan.getExpression();
-	    ExpressionNode enindex=aan.getIndex();
-	    TempDescriptor dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst",en.getType());
-	    TempDescriptor index_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index",enindex.getType());
-	    NodePair np_baseexp=flattenExpressionNode(en, dst_tmp);
-	    NodePair np_indexexp=flattenExpressionNode(enindex, index_tmp);
-	    last.addNext(np_baseexp.getBegin());
-	    np_baseexp.getEnd().addNext(np_indexexp.getBegin());
-	    FlatSetElementNode fsen=new FlatSetElementNode(dst_tmp, index_tmp, src_tmp);
-	    np_indexexp.getEnd().addNext(fsen);
-	    return new NodePair(np_src.getBegin(), fsen);
-	} else if (an.getDest().kind()==Kind.NameNode) {
-	    NameNode nn=(NameNode)an.getDest();
-	    if (nn.getExpression()!=null) {
-		FieldAccessNode fan=(FieldAccessNode)nn.getExpression();
-		ExpressionNode en=fan.getExpression();
-		TempDescriptor dst_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("dst",en.getType());
-		NodePair np_baseexp=flattenExpressionNode(en, dst_tmp);
-		last.addNext(np_baseexp.getBegin());
-		FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(dst_tmp, fan.getField(), src_tmp);
-		np_baseexp.getEnd().addNext(fsfn);
-		return new NodePair(np_src.getBegin(), fsfn);
+	return new NodePair(first, last);
+      } else {
+	if (nn.getField()!=null) {
+	  //It is a field
+	  //Get src value
+
+	  //See if we need to perform an operation
+	  if (base!=null) {
+	    //If it is a preinc we need to store the initial value
+	    TempDescriptor src_tmp2=pre ? TempDescriptor.tempFactory("src",an.getDest().getType()) : out_temp;
+	    TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp3_",an.getDest().getType());
+        
+        TempDescriptor ftmp= null;
+        if(state.MGC && (nn.getClassDesc() != null)) {
+          // this is a static field
+          ftmp = new TempDescriptor(nn.getClassDesc().getSymbol(), nn.getClassType());
+
+        } else {
+          ftmp=getTempforVar(nn.getVar());
+        }
+        FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode(nn.getField(), ftmp, src_tmp2);
+        ffn.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+
+	    if (first==null)
+	      first=ffn;
+	    else {
+	      last.addNext(ffn);
+	    }
+	    last=ffn;
+
+
+	    if (base.getOp()==Operation.ADD&&an.getDest().getType().isString()) {
+	      ClassDescriptor stringcd=typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.StringClass);
+	      MethodDescriptor concatmd=typeutil.getMethod(stringcd, "concat2", new TypeDescriptor[] {new TypeDescriptor(stringcd), new TypeDescriptor(stringcd)});
+	      FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(concatmd, tmp, null, new TempDescriptor[] {src_tmp2, src_tmp});
+	      fc.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	      src_tmp=tmp;
+	      last.addNext(fc);
+	      last=fc;
 	    } else {
-		if (nn.getField()!=null) {
-		    FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(getTempforVar(nn.getVar()), nn.getField(), src_tmp);
-		    last.addNext(fsfn);
-		    return new NodePair(np_src.getBegin(), fsfn);
-		} else {
-		    FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(getTempforVar(nn.getVar()), src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
-		    last.addNext(fon);
-		    return new NodePair(np_src.getBegin(),fon);
-		}
+	      FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(tmp, src_tmp2, src_tmp, base);
+	      fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	      src_tmp=tmp;
+	      last.addNext(fon);
+	      last=fon;
 	    }
-	} 
-	throw new Error();
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenNameNode(NameNode nn,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	if (nn.getExpression()!=null) {
-	    /* Hack - use subtree instead */
-	    return flattenExpressionNode(nn.getExpression(),out_temp);
-	} else if (nn.getField()!=null) {
-	    TempDescriptor tmp=getTempforVar(nn.getVar());
-	    FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode(nn.getField(), tmp, out_temp); 
-	    return new NodePair(ffn,ffn);
+	  }
+
+      FlatSetFieldNode fsfn=null;
+      if(nn.getClassDesc()!=null) {
+        // this is a static field access inside of a static block
+        fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(new TempDescriptor("sfsb", nn.getClassType()), nn.getField(), src_tmp);
+        fsfn.setNumLine(nn.getNumLine());
+      } else {
+        fsfn=new FlatSetFieldNode(getTempforVar(nn.getVar()), nn.getField(), src_tmp);
+        fsfn.setNumLine(nn.getNumLine());
+      }
+	  if (first==null) {
+	    first=fsfn;
+	  } else {
+	    last.addNext(fsfn);
+	  }
+	  last=fsfn;
+	  if (pre) {
+	    FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	    fon2.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	    fsfn.addNext(fon2);
+	    last=fon2;
+	  }
+	  return new NodePair(first, last);
 	} else {
-	    TempDescriptor tmp=getTempforVar(nn.getVar());
-	    FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
-	    return new NodePair(fon,fon);
-	}
-    }
+	  //It is a variable
+	  //See if we need to perform an operation
+
+	  if (base!=null) {
+	    //If it is a preinc we need to store the initial value
+	    TempDescriptor src_tmp2=getTempforVar(nn.getVar());
+	    TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("srctmp3_",an.getDest().getType());
+	    if (!pre) {
+	      FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, src_tmp2, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	      fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	      if (first==null)
+		first=fon;
+	      else
+		last.addNext(fon);
+	      last=fon;
+	    }
+
 
-    private NodePair flattenOpNode(OpNode on,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	TempDescriptor temp_left=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("leftop",on.getLeft().getType());
-	TempDescriptor temp_right=null;
-
-	Operation op=on.getOp();
-	if (op.getOp()==Operation.POSTINC||
-	    op.getOp()==Operation.POSTDEC||
-	    op.getOp()==Operation.PREINC||
-	    op.getOp()==Operation.PREDEC) {
-	    LiteralNode ln=new LiteralNode("int",new Integer(1));
-	    ln.setType(new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
-	    AssignmentNode an=new AssignmentNode(on.getLeft(),ln,
-			       new AssignOperation((op.getOp()==Operation.POSTINC||op.getOp()==Operation.PREINC)?AssignOperation.PLUSEQ:AssignOperation.MINUSEQ));
-	    if (op.getOp()==Operation.POSTINC||
-		op.getOp()==Operation.POSTDEC) {
-		NodePair left=flattenExpressionNode(on.getLeft(),out_temp);
-		NodePair assign=flattenAssignmentNode(an,temp_left);
-		left.getEnd().addNext(assign.getBegin());
-		return new NodePair(left.getBegin(),assign.getEnd());
+	    if (base.getOp()==Operation.ADD&&an.getDest().getType().isString()) {
+	      ClassDescriptor stringcd=typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.StringClass);
+	      MethodDescriptor concatmd=typeutil.getMethod(stringcd, "concat2", new TypeDescriptor[] {new TypeDescriptor(stringcd), new TypeDescriptor(stringcd)});
+	      FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(concatmd, tmp, null, new TempDescriptor[] {src_tmp2, src_tmp});
+	      fc.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	      if (first==null)
+		first=fc;
+	      else
+		last.addNext(fc);
+	      src_tmp=tmp;
+	      last=fc;
 	    } else {
-		NodePair assign=flattenAssignmentNode(an,out_temp);
-		return assign;
+	      FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(tmp, src_tmp2, src_tmp, base);
+	      fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	      if (first==null)
+		first=fon;
+	      else
+		last.addNext(fon);
+	      src_tmp=tmp;
+	      last=fon;
 	    }
- 	} 
-	
-	NodePair left=flattenExpressionNode(on.getLeft(),temp_left);
-	NodePair right;
-	if (on.getRight()!=null) {
-	    temp_right=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("rightop",on.getRight().getType());
-	    right=flattenExpressionNode(on.getRight(),temp_right);
-	} else {
-	    FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
-	    right=new NodePair(nop,nop);
-	}
+	  }
 
-	if (op.getOp()==Operation.LOGIC_OR) {
-	    /* Need to do shortcircuiting */
-	    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(temp_left);
-	    FlatOpNode fon1=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_left,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
-	    FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_right,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
-	    FlatNop fnop=new FlatNop();
-	    left.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
-	    fcb.addFalseNext(right.getBegin());
-	    right.getEnd().addNext(fon2);
-	    fon2.addNext(fnop);
-	    fcb.addTrueNext(fon1);
-	    fon1.addNext(fnop);
- 	    return new NodePair(left.getBegin(), fnop);
-	} else if (op.getOp()==Operation.LOGIC_AND) {
-	    /* Need to do shortcircuiting */
-	    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(temp_left);
-	    FlatOpNode fon1=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_left,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
-	    FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_right,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
-	    FlatNop fnop=new FlatNop();
-	    left.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
-	    fcb.addTrueNext(right.getBegin());
-	    right.getEnd().addNext(fon2);
-	    fon2.addNext(fnop);
-	    fcb.addFalseNext(fon1);
-	    fon1.addNext(fnop);
- 	    return new NodePair(left.getBegin(), fnop);
-	}
+	  FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(getTempforVar(nn.getVar()), src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	  fon.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
 
-	FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_left,temp_right,op);
-	left.getEnd().addNext(right.getBegin());
-	right.getEnd().addNext(fon);
-	return new NodePair(left.getBegin(),fon);
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenExpressionNode(ExpressionNode en, TempDescriptor out_temp) {
-	switch(en.kind()) {
-	case Kind.AssignmentNode:
-	    return flattenAssignmentNode((AssignmentNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.CastNode:
-	    return flattenCastNode((CastNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.CreateObjectNode:
-	    return flattenCreateObjectNode((CreateObjectNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.FieldAccessNode:
-	    return flattenFieldAccessNode((FieldAccessNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.ArrayAccessNode:
-	    return flattenArrayAccessNode((ArrayAccessNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.LiteralNode:
-	    return flattenLiteralNode((LiteralNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.MethodInvokeNode:
-	    return flattenMethodInvokeNode((MethodInvokeNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.NameNode:
-	    return flattenNameNode((NameNode)en,out_temp);
-	case Kind.OpNode:
-	    return flattenOpNode((OpNode)en,out_temp);
-	}
-	throw new Error();
+	  last.addNext(fon);
+	  last=fon;
+	  if (pre) {
+	    FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, src_tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+	    fon2.setNumLine(an.getNumLine());
+	    fon.addNext(fon2);
+	    last=fon2;
+	  }
+	  return new NodePair(first, last);
+	} //end of else
+      }
     }
 
-    private NodePair flattenDeclarationNode(DeclarationNode dn) {
-	VarDescriptor vd=dn.getVarDescriptor();
-	TempDescriptor td=getTempforVar(vd);
-	if (dn.getExpression()!=null)
-	    return flattenExpressionNode(dn.getExpression(),td);
-	else {
-	    FlatNop fn=new FlatNop();
-	    return new NodePair(fn,fn);
-	}
-    }
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenNameNode(NameNode nn,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    if (nn.getExpression()!=null) {
+      /* Hack - use subtree instead */
+      return flattenExpressionNode(nn.getExpression(),out_temp);
+    } else if (nn.getField()!=null) {
+      TempDescriptor tmp= null;
+      if(state.MGC && (nn.getClassDesc() != null)) {
+        // this is a static field
+        tmp = new TempDescriptor(nn.getClassDesc().getSymbol(), nn.getClassType());
         
-    private TempDescriptor getTempforVar(VarDescriptor vd) {
-	if (temptovar.containsKey(vd))
-	    return (TempDescriptor)temptovar.get(vd);
-	else {
-	    TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.tempFactory(vd.getName(),vd.getType());
-	    temptovar.put(vd,td);
-	    return td;
-	}
+      } else {
+      tmp=getTempforVar(nn.getVar());
+      }
+      FlatFieldNode ffn=new FlatFieldNode(nn.getField(), tmp, out_temp);
+      ffn.setNumLine(nn.getNumLine());
+      return new NodePair(ffn,ffn);
+    } else {
+      TempDescriptor tmp=getTempforVar(nn.isTag() ? nn.getTagVar() : nn.getVar());
+      if (nn.isTag()) {
+	//propagate tag
+	out_temp.setTag(tmp.getTag());
+      }
+      FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, tmp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+      fon.setNumLine(nn.getNumLine());
+      return new NodePair(fon,fon);
     }
+  }
 
-    private NodePair flattenIfStatementNode(IfStatementNode isn) {
-	TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
-	NodePair cond=flattenExpressionNode(isn.getCondition(),cond_temp);
-	FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
-	NodePair true_np=flattenBlockNode(isn.getTrueBlock());
-	NodePair false_np;
-	FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+  private NodePair flattenOpNode(OpNode on,TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor temp_left=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("leftop",on.getLeft().getType());
+    TempDescriptor temp_right=null;
 
-	if (isn.getFalseBlock()!=null)
-	    false_np=flattenBlockNode(isn.getFalseBlock());
-	else {
-	    FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
-	    false_np=new NodePair(nop,nop);
-	}
+    Operation op=on.getOp();
+
+    NodePair left=flattenExpressionNode(on.getLeft(),temp_left);
+    NodePair right;
+    if (on.getRight()!=null) {
+      temp_right=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("rightop",on.getRight().getType());
+      right=flattenExpressionNode(on.getRight(),temp_right);
+    } else {
+      FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
+      right=new NodePair(nop,nop);
+    }
+
+    if (op.getOp()==Operation.LOGIC_OR) {
+      /* Need to do shortcircuiting */
+      FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(temp_left);
+      fcb.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      FlatOpNode fon1=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_left,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+      fon1.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_right,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+      fon2.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      FlatNop fnop=new FlatNop();
+      left.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+      fcb.addFalseNext(right.getBegin());
+      right.getEnd().addNext(fon2);
+      fon2.addNext(fnop);
+      fcb.addTrueNext(fon1);
+      fon1.addNext(fnop);
+      return new NodePair(left.getBegin(), fnop);
+    } else if (op.getOp()==Operation.LOGIC_AND) {
+      /* Need to do shortcircuiting */
+      FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(temp_left);
+      fcb.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      FlatOpNode fon1=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_left,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+      fon1.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      FlatOpNode fon2=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_right,null,new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+      fon2.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      FlatNop fnop=new FlatNop();
+      left.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+      fcb.addTrueNext(right.getBegin());
+      right.getEnd().addNext(fon2);
+      fon2.addNext(fnop);
+      fcb.addFalseNext(fon1);
+      fon1.addNext(fnop);
+      return new NodePair(left.getBegin(), fnop);
+    } else if (op.getOp()==Operation.ADD&&on.getLeft().getType().isString()) {
+      //We have a string concatenate
+      ClassDescriptor stringcd=typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.StringClass);
+      MethodDescriptor concatmd=typeutil.getMethod(stringcd, "concat", new TypeDescriptor[] {new TypeDescriptor(stringcd)});
+      FlatCall fc=new FlatCall(concatmd, out_temp, temp_left, new TempDescriptor[] {temp_right});
+      fc.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+      left.getEnd().addNext(right.getBegin());
+      right.getEnd().addNext(fc);
+      return new NodePair(left.getBegin(), fc);
+    }
+
+    FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(out_temp,temp_left,temp_right,op);
+    fon.setNumLine(on.getNumLine());
+    left.getEnd().addNext(right.getBegin());
+    right.getEnd().addNext(fon);
+    return new NodePair(left.getBegin(),fon);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenExpressionNode(ExpressionNode en, TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    switch(en.kind()) {
+    case Kind.AssignmentNode:
+      return flattenAssignmentNode((AssignmentNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.CastNode:
+      return flattenCastNode((CastNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.CreateObjectNode:
+      return flattenCreateObjectNode((CreateObjectNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.FieldAccessNode:
+      return flattenFieldAccessNode((FieldAccessNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.ArrayAccessNode:
+      return flattenArrayAccessNode((ArrayAccessNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.LiteralNode:
+      return flattenLiteralNode((LiteralNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.MethodInvokeNode:
+      return flattenMethodInvokeNode((MethodInvokeNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.NameNode:
+      return flattenNameNode((NameNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.OpNode:
+      return flattenOpNode((OpNode)en,out_temp);      
+
+    case Kind.OffsetNode:
+      return flattenOffsetNode((OffsetNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.TertiaryNode:
+      return flattenTertiaryNode((TertiaryNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.InstanceOfNode:
+      return flattenInstanceOfNode((InstanceOfNode)en,out_temp);
+
+    case Kind.ArrayInitializerNode:
+      return flattenArrayInitializerNode((ArrayInitializerNode)en,out_temp);
+    }
+    throw new Error();
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenDeclarationNode(DeclarationNode dn) {
+    VarDescriptor vd=dn.getVarDescriptor();
+    TempDescriptor td=getTempforVar(vd);
+    if (dn.getExpression()!=null)
+      return flattenExpressionNode(dn.getExpression(),td);
+    else {
+      FlatNop fn=new FlatNop();
+      return new NodePair(fn,fn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenTagDeclarationNode(TagDeclarationNode dn) {
+    TagVarDescriptor tvd=dn.getTagVarDescriptor();
+    TagDescriptor tag=tvd.getTag();
+    TempDescriptor tmp=getTempforVar(tvd);
+    FlatTagDeclaration ftd=new FlatTagDeclaration(tag, tmp);
+    ftd.setNumLine(dn.getNumLine());
+    return new NodePair(ftd,ftd);
+  }
+
+  private TempDescriptor getTempforParam(Descriptor d) {
+    if (temptovar.containsKey(d))
+      return (TempDescriptor)temptovar.get(d);
+    else {
+      if (d instanceof VarDescriptor) {
+	VarDescriptor vd=(VarDescriptor)d;
+	TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.paramtempFactory(vd.getName(),vd.getType());
+	temptovar.put(vd,td);
+	return td;
+      } else if (d instanceof TagVarDescriptor) {
+	TagVarDescriptor tvd=(TagVarDescriptor)d;
+	TypeDescriptor tagtype=new TypeDescriptor(typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.TagClass));
+	TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.paramtempFactory(tvd.getName(), tagtype, tvd.getTag());
+	temptovar.put(tvd,td);
+	return td;
+      } else throw new Error("Unreconized Descriptor");
+    }
+  }
 
-	cond.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
-	fcb.addTrueNext(true_np.getBegin());
-	fcb.addFalseNext(false_np.getBegin());
+  private TempDescriptor getTempforVar(Descriptor d) {
+    if (temptovar.containsKey(d))
+      return (TempDescriptor)temptovar.get(d);
+    else {
+      if (d instanceof VarDescriptor) {
+	VarDescriptor vd=(VarDescriptor)d;
+	TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.tempFactory(vd.getName(), vd.getType());
+	temptovar.put(vd,td);
+	return td;
+      } else if (d instanceof TagVarDescriptor) {
+	TagVarDescriptor tvd=(TagVarDescriptor)d;
+	//BUGFIX TAGTYPE - add next line, modify following
+	//line to tag this new type descriptor, modify
+	//TempDescriptor constructor & factory to set type
+	//using this Type To test, use any program with tags
+	TypeDescriptor tagtype=new TypeDescriptor(typeutil.getClass(TypeUtil.TagClass));
+	TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.tempFactory(tvd.getName(),tagtype, tvd.getTag());
+	temptovar.put(tvd,td);
+	return td;
+      } else throw new Error("Unrecognized Descriptor");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenIfStatementNode(IfStatementNode isn) {
+    TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+    NodePair cond=flattenExpressionNode(isn.getCondition(),cond_temp);
+    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
+    fcb.setNumLine(isn.getNumLine());
+    NodePair true_np=flattenBlockNode(isn.getTrueBlock());
+    NodePair false_np;
+    FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+
+    if (isn.getFalseBlock()!=null)
+      false_np=flattenBlockNode(isn.getFalseBlock());
+    else {
+      FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
+      false_np=new NodePair(nop,nop);
+    }
+
+    cond.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+    fcb.addTrueNext(true_np.getBegin());
+    fcb.addFalseNext(false_np.getBegin());
+    if (true_np.getEnd()!=null)
 	true_np.getEnd().addNext(nopend);
+    if (false_np.getEnd()!=null)
 	false_np.getEnd().addNext(nopend);
-	return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(), nopend);
-    }
-	    
-    private NodePair flattenLoopNode(LoopNode ln) {
-	if (ln.getType()==LoopNode.FORLOOP) {
-	    NodePair initializer=flattenBlockNode(ln.getInitializer());
-	    TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
-	    NodePair condition=flattenExpressionNode(ln.getCondition(),cond_temp);
-	    NodePair update=flattenBlockNode(ln.getUpdate());
-	    NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(ln.getBody());
-	    FlatNode begin=initializer.getBegin();
-	    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
-	    FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
-
-	    initializer.getEnd().addNext(condition.getBegin());
-	    body.getEnd().addNext(update.getBegin());
-	    update.getEnd().addNext(condition.getBegin());
-	    condition.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
-	    fcb.addFalseNext(nopend);
-	    fcb.addTrueNext(body.getBegin());
-	    return new NodePair(begin,nopend);
-	} else if (ln.getType()==LoopNode.WHILELOOP) {
-	    TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
-	    NodePair condition=flattenExpressionNode(ln.getCondition(),cond_temp);
-	    NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(ln.getBody());
-	    FlatNode begin=condition.getBegin();
-	    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
-	    FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
-
-	    body.getEnd().addNext(condition.getBegin());
-	    condition.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
-	    fcb.addFalseNext(nopend);
-	    fcb.addTrueNext(body.getBegin());
-	    return new NodePair(begin,nopend);
-	} else if (ln.getType()==LoopNode.DOWHILELOOP) {
-	    TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
-	    NodePair condition=flattenExpressionNode(ln.getCondition(),cond_temp);
-	    NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(ln.getBody());
-	    FlatNode begin=body.getBegin();
-	    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
-	    FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
-
-	    body.getEnd().addNext(condition.getBegin());
-	    condition.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
-	    fcb.addFalseNext(nopend);
-	    fcb.addTrueNext(body.getBegin());
-	    return new NodePair(begin,nopend);
-	} else throw new Error();
-    }
-	    
-    private NodePair flattenReturnNode(ReturnNode rntree) {
-	TempDescriptor retval=null;
-	NodePair cond=null;
-	if (rntree.getReturnExpression()!=null) {
-	    retval=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("ret_value", rntree.getReturnExpression().getType());
-	    cond=flattenExpressionNode(rntree.getReturnExpression(),retval);
-	}
+    if (nopend.numPrev()==0)
+      return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(), null);
 
-	FlatReturnNode rnflat=new FlatReturnNode(retval);
+    return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(), nopend);
+  }
+  
+  private NodePair flattenSwitchStatementNode(SwitchStatementNode ssn) {
+    TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
+    NodePair cond=flattenExpressionNode(ssn.getCondition(),cond_temp);
+    FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+    NodePair sbody = flattenSwitchBodyNode(ssn.getSwitchBody(), cond_temp, nopend);
+    
+    cond.getEnd().addNext(sbody.getBegin());
 
-	if (cond!=null) {
-	    cond.getEnd().addNext(rnflat);
-	    return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(),rnflat);
-	} else
-	    return new NodePair(rnflat,rnflat);
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenTaskExitNode(TaskExitNode ten) {
-	FlatFlagActionNode ffan=new FlatFlagActionNode(true);
-	updateFlagActionNode(ffan, ten.getFlagEffects());
-	return new NodePair(ffan, ffan);
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenSubBlockNode(SubBlockNode sbn) {
-	return flattenBlockNode(sbn.getBlockNode());
-    }
-
-    private NodePair flattenBlockStatementNode(BlockStatementNode bsn) {
-	switch(bsn.kind()) {
-	case Kind.BlockExpressionNode:
-	    return flattenBlockExpressionNode((BlockExpressionNode)bsn);
-	    
-	case Kind.DeclarationNode:
-	    return flattenDeclarationNode((DeclarationNode)bsn);
-	    
-	case Kind.IfStatementNode:
-	    return flattenIfStatementNode((IfStatementNode)bsn);
-	    
-	case Kind.LoopNode:
-	    return flattenLoopNode((LoopNode)bsn);
-	    
-	case Kind.ReturnNode:
-	    return flattenReturnNode((IR.Tree.ReturnNode)bsn);
-
-	case Kind.TaskExitNode:
-	    return flattenTaskExitNode((IR.Tree.TaskExitNode)bsn);
-	    
-	case Kind.SubBlockNode:
-	    return flattenSubBlockNode((SubBlockNode)bsn);
-	    
-	}
-    	throw new Error();
+    return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(), sbody.getEnd());
+  }
+  
+  private NodePair flattenSwitchBodyNode(BlockNode bn, TempDescriptor cond_temp, FlatNode endnode) {
+    FlatNode begin=null;
+    FlatNode end=endnode;
+    NodePair prev_true_branch = null;
+    NodePair prev_false_branch = null;
+    for(int i=0; i<bn.size(); i++) {
+      SwitchBlockNode sbn = (SwitchBlockNode)bn.get(i);
+      HashSet oldbs=breakset;
+      breakset=new HashSet();
+      
+      NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(sbn.getSwitchBlockStatement());
+      Vector<SwitchLabelNode> slnv = sbn.getSwitchConditions();
+      FlatNode cond_begin = null;
+      NodePair prev_fnp = null;
+      for(int j = 0; j < slnv.size(); j++) {
+        SwitchLabelNode sln = slnv.elementAt(j);
+        NodePair left = null;
+        NodePair false_np = null;
+        if(sln.isDefault()) {
+          left = body;
+        } else {
+          TempDescriptor cond_tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+          TempDescriptor temp_left=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("leftop", sln.getCondition().getType());
+          Operation op=new Operation(Operation.EQUAL);
+          left=flattenExpressionNode(sln.getCondition(), temp_left);
+          FlatOpNode fon=new FlatOpNode(cond_tmp, temp_left, cond_temp, op);
+          fon.setNumLine(sln.getNumLine());
+          left.getEnd().addNext(fon);
+
+          FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_tmp);
+          fcb.setNumLine(bn.getNumLine());
+          fcb.setTrueProb(State.TRUEPROB);
+
+          FlatNop nop=new FlatNop();
+          false_np=new NodePair(nop,nop);
+
+          fon.addNext(fcb);
+          fcb.addTrueNext(body.getBegin());
+          fcb.addFalseNext(false_np.getBegin());
+        }
+        if((prev_fnp != null) && (prev_fnp.getEnd() != null)) {
+          prev_fnp.getEnd().addNext(left.getBegin());
+        }
+        prev_fnp = false_np;
+        
+        if (begin==null) {
+          begin = left.getBegin();
+        }
+        if(cond_begin == null) {
+          cond_begin = left.getBegin();
+        }
+      }
+      if((prev_false_branch != null) && (prev_false_branch.getEnd() != null)) {
+        prev_false_branch.getEnd().addNext(cond_begin);
+      }
+      prev_false_branch = prev_fnp;
+      if((prev_true_branch != null) && (prev_true_branch.getEnd() != null)) {
+        prev_true_branch.getEnd().addNext(body.getBegin());
+      }
+      prev_true_branch = body;
+      for(Iterator breakit=breakset.iterator();breakit.hasNext();) {
+        FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)breakit.next();
+        breakit.remove();
+        fn.addNext(endnode);
+      }
+      breakset=oldbs;
+    }
+    if((prev_true_branch != null) && (prev_true_branch.getEnd() != null)) {
+      prev_true_branch.getEnd().addNext(endnode);
+    }
+    if((prev_false_branch != null) && (prev_false_branch.getEnd() != null)) {
+      prev_false_branch.getEnd().addNext(endnode);
+    }
+    if(begin == null) {
+      end=begin=new FlatNop();
+    }
+    return new NodePair(begin,end);
+  }
+  
+  private NodePair flattenLoopNode(LoopNode ln) {
+    HashSet oldbs=breakset;
+    HashSet oldcs=continueset;
+    breakset=new HashSet();
+    continueset=new HashSet();
+    
+    if (ln.getType()==LoopNode.FORLOOP) {
+      NodePair initializer=flattenBlockNode(ln.getInitializer());
+      TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+      NodePair condition=flattenExpressionNode(ln.getCondition(),cond_temp);
+      NodePair update=flattenBlockNode(ln.getUpdate());
+      NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(ln.getBody());
+      FlatNode begin=initializer.getBegin();
+      FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
+      fcb.setNumLine(ln.getNumLine());
+      fcb.setTrueProb(State.TRUEPROB);
+      fcb.setLoop();
+      FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+      FlatBackEdge backedge=new FlatBackEdge();
+
+      FlatNop nop2=new FlatNop();
+      initializer.getEnd().addNext(nop2);
+      nop2.addNext(condition.getBegin());
+      if (body.getEnd()!=null)
+	  body.getEnd().addNext(update.getBegin());
+      update.getEnd().addNext(backedge);
+      backedge.addNext(condition.getBegin());
+      condition.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+      fcb.addFalseNext(nopend);
+      fcb.addTrueNext(body.getBegin());
+      for(Iterator contit=continueset.iterator();contit.hasNext();) {
+	  FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)contit.next();
+	  contit.remove();
+	  fn.addNext(update.getBegin());
+      }
+      for(Iterator breakit=breakset.iterator();breakit.hasNext();) {
+	  FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)breakit.next();
+	  breakit.remove();
+	  fn.addNext(nopend);
+      }
+      breakset=oldbs;
+      continueset=oldcs;
+      return new NodePair(begin,nopend);
+    } else if (ln.getType()==LoopNode.WHILELOOP) {
+      TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+      NodePair condition=flattenExpressionNode(ln.getCondition(),cond_temp);
+      NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(ln.getBody());
+      FlatNode begin=condition.getBegin();
+      FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
+      fcb.setNumLine(ln.getNumLine());
+      fcb.setTrueProb(State.TRUEPROB);
+      fcb.setLoop();
+      FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+      FlatBackEdge backedge=new FlatBackEdge();
+
+      if (body.getEnd()!=null)
+	body.getEnd().addNext(backedge);
+      backedge.addNext(condition.getBegin());
+
+      condition.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+      fcb.addFalseNext(nopend);
+      fcb.addTrueNext(body.getBegin());
+
+      for(Iterator contit=continueset.iterator();contit.hasNext();) {
+	  FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)contit.next();
+	  contit.remove();
+	  fn.addNext(backedge);
+      }
+      for(Iterator breakit=breakset.iterator();breakit.hasNext();) {
+	  FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)breakit.next();
+	  breakit.remove();
+	  fn.addNext(nopend);
+      }
+      breakset=oldbs;
+      continueset=oldcs;
+      return new NodePair(begin,nopend);
+    } else if (ln.getType()==LoopNode.DOWHILELOOP) {
+      TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("condition", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+      NodePair condition=flattenExpressionNode(ln.getCondition(),cond_temp);
+      NodePair body=flattenBlockNode(ln.getBody());
+      FlatNode begin=body.getBegin();
+      FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
+      fcb.setNumLine(ln.getNumLine());
+      fcb.setTrueProb(State.TRUEPROB);
+      fcb.setLoop();
+      FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+      FlatBackEdge backedge=new FlatBackEdge();
+
+      if (body.getEnd()!=null)
+	body.getEnd().addNext(condition.getBegin());
+      condition.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+      fcb.addFalseNext(nopend);
+      fcb.addTrueNext(backedge);
+      backedge.addNext(body.getBegin());
+
+      for(Iterator contit=continueset.iterator();contit.hasNext();) {
+	  FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)contit.next();
+	  contit.remove();
+	  fn.addNext(condition.getBegin());
+      }
+      for(Iterator breakit=breakset.iterator();breakit.hasNext();) {
+	  FlatNode fn=(FlatNode)breakit.next();
+	  breakit.remove();
+	  fn.addNext(nopend);
+      }
+      breakset=oldbs;
+      continueset=oldcs;
+      return new NodePair(begin,nopend);
+    } else throw new Error();
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenReturnNode(ReturnNode rntree) {
+    TempDescriptor retval=null;
+    NodePair cond=null;
+    if (rntree.getReturnExpression()!=null) {
+      retval=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("ret_value", rntree.getReturnExpression().getType());
+      cond=flattenExpressionNode(rntree.getReturnExpression(),retval);
+    }
+
+    FlatReturnNode rnflat=new FlatReturnNode(retval);
+    rnflat.setNumLine(rntree.getNumLine());
+    rnflat.addNext(fe);
+    FlatNode ln=rnflat;
+    if ((state.THREAD||state.MGC)&&!this.lockStack.isEmpty()) {
+      FlatNode end = null;
+      MethodDescriptor memdex=(MethodDescriptor)typeutil.getClass("Object").getMethodTable().get("MonitorExit");
+      for(int j = this.lockStack.size(); j > 0; j--) {
+        TempDescriptor thistd = this.lockStack.elementAt(j-1);
+        FlatCall fcunlock = new FlatCall(memdex, null, thistd, new TempDescriptor[0]);
+        fcunlock.setNumLine(rntree.getNumLine());
+        if(end != null) {
+          end.addNext(fcunlock);
+        }
+        end = fcunlock;
+      }
+      end.addNext(ln);
+      ln=end;
+    }
+    if (state.DSM&&currmd.getModifiers().isAtomic()) {
+      FlatAtomicExitNode faen=new FlatAtomicExitNode(curran);
+      faen.addNext(ln);
+      ln=faen;
+    }
+
+    if (cond!=null) {
+      cond.getEnd().addNext(ln);
+      return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(),null);
+    } else
+      return new NodePair(ln,null);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenTaskExitNode(TaskExitNode ten) {
+    FlatFlagActionNode ffan=new FlatFlagActionNode(FlatFlagActionNode.TASKEXIT);
+    ffan.setTaskExitIndex(ten.getTaskExitIndex());
+    updateFlagActionNode(ffan, ten.getFlagEffects());
+    NodePair fcn=flattenConstraintCheck(ten.getChecks());
+    ffan.addNext(fcn.getBegin());
+    FlatReturnNode rnflat=new FlatReturnNode(null);
+    rnflat.setNumLine(ten.getNumLine());
+    rnflat.addNext(fe);
+    fcn.getEnd().addNext(rnflat);
+    return new NodePair(ffan, null);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenConstraintCheck(Vector ccs) {
+    FlatNode begin=new FlatNop();
+    if (ccs==null)
+      return new NodePair(begin,begin);
+    FlatNode last=begin;
+    for(int i=0; i<ccs.size(); i++) {
+      ConstraintCheck cc=(ConstraintCheck) ccs.get(i);
+      /* Flatten the arguments */
+      TempDescriptor[] temps=new TempDescriptor[cc.numArgs()];
+      String[] vars=new String[cc.numArgs()];
+      for(int j=0; j<cc.numArgs(); j++) {
+	ExpressionNode en=cc.getArg(j);
+	TempDescriptor td=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg",en.getType());
+	temps[j]=td;
+	vars[j]=cc.getVar(j);
+	NodePair np=flattenExpressionNode(en, td);
+	last.addNext(np.getBegin());
+	last=np.getEnd();
+      }
+
+      FlatCheckNode fcn=new FlatCheckNode(cc.getSpec(), vars, temps);
+      last.addNext(fcn);
+      last=fcn;
+    }
+    return new NodePair(begin,last);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenSubBlockNode(SubBlockNode sbn) {
+    return flattenBlockNode(sbn.getBlockNode());
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenSynchronizedNode(SynchronizedNode sbn) {
+    TempDescriptor montmp=null;
+    FlatNode first = null;
+    FlatNode end = null;
+    if(sbn.getExpr() instanceof ClassTypeNode) {
+      montmp=new TempDescriptor("classobj", ((ClassTypeNode)sbn.getExpr()).getType().getClassDesc());
+    } else {
+      montmp = TempDescriptor.tempFactory("monitor",sbn.getExpr().getType());
+      NodePair npexp=flattenExpressionNode(sbn.getExpr(), montmp);
+      first = npexp.getBegin();
+      end = npexp.getEnd();
+    }
+    this.lockStack.push(montmp);
+    NodePair npblock=flattenBlockNode(sbn.getBlockNode());
+
+    MethodDescriptor menmd=(MethodDescriptor)typeutil.getClass("Object").getMethodTable().get("MonitorEnter");
+    FlatCall fcen=new FlatCall(menmd, null, montmp, new TempDescriptor[0]);
+    fcen.setNumLine(sbn.getNumLine());
+
+    MethodDescriptor mexmd=(MethodDescriptor)typeutil.getClass("Object").getMethodTable().get("MonitorExit");
+    FlatCall fcex=new FlatCall(mexmd, null, montmp, new TempDescriptor[0]);
+    fcex.setNumLine(sbn.getNumLine());
+    
+    this.lockStack.pop();
+
+    if(first != null) {
+      end.addNext(fcen);
+    } else {
+      first = fcen;
+    }
+    fcen.addNext(npblock.getBegin());
+    
+    if (npblock.getEnd()!=null&&npblock.getEnd().kind()!=FKind.FlatReturnNode) {
+      npblock.getEnd().addNext(fcex);
+    }
+    
+    /*if(npblock.getEnd() != null) {
+      npblock.getEnd().addNext(fcex);
+    }*/
+    return new NodePair(first, fcex);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenAtomicNode(AtomicNode sbn) {
+    NodePair np=flattenBlockNode(sbn.getBlockNode());
+    FlatAtomicEnterNode faen=new FlatAtomicEnterNode();
+    faen.setNumLine(sbn.getNumLine());
+    FlatAtomicExitNode faexn=new FlatAtomicExitNode(faen);
+    faen.addNext(np.getBegin());
+    np.getEnd().addNext(faexn);
+    return new NodePair(faen, faexn);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenGenReachNode( GenReachNode grn ) {
+    FlatGenReachNode fgrn = new FlatGenReachNode( grn.getGraphName() );
+    return new NodePair( fgrn, fgrn );
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenSESENode(SESENode sn) {
+    if( sn.isStart() ) {
+      FlatSESEEnterNode fsen=new FlatSESEEnterNode(sn);
+      fsen.setNumLine(sn.getNumLine());
+      sn.setFlatEnter(fsen);
+      return new NodePair(fsen, fsen);
+    }
+
+    FlatSESEExitNode fsexn=new FlatSESEExitNode(sn);
+    sn.setFlatExit(fsexn);
+    FlatSESEEnterNode fsen=sn.getStart().getFlatEnter();
+    fsexn.setFlatEnter(fsen);    
+    sn.getStart().getFlatEnter().setFlatExit( fsexn );
+    
+    return new NodePair(fsexn, fsexn);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenContinueBreakNode(ContinueBreakNode cbn) {
+      FlatNop fn=new FlatNop();
+      if (cbn.isBreak())
+	  breakset.add(fn);
+      else
+	  continueset.add(fn);
+      return new NodePair(fn,null);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenInstanceOfNode(InstanceOfNode tn, TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor expr_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("expr",tn.getExpr().getType());
+    NodePair cond=flattenExpressionNode(tn.getExpr(), expr_temp);
+    FlatInstanceOfNode fion=new FlatInstanceOfNode(tn.getExprType(), expr_temp, out_temp);
+    fion.setNumLine(tn.getNumLine());
+    cond.getEnd().addNext(fion);
+    return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(),fion);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenArrayInitializerNode(ArrayInitializerNode ain, TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    boolean isGlobal = false;
+    String disjointId = null;
+    // get the type the array to be initialized
+    TypeDescriptor td = ain.getType();
+
+    // create a new array of size equal to the array initializer
+    FlatNode first=null;
+    FlatNode last=null;
+    TempDescriptor tmp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("arg", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
+    FlatLiteralNode fln_tmp=new FlatLiteralNode(tmp.getType(), new Integer(ain.numVarInitializers()), tmp);
+    fln_tmp.setNumLine(ain.getNumLine());
+    first = last=fln_tmp;
+    
+    // create the new array
+    FlatNew fn=new FlatNew(td, out_temp, tmp, isGlobal, disjointId);
+    last.addNext(fn);
+    last = fn;
+    
+    // initialize the new array
+    for(int i = 0; i < ain.numVarInitializers(); i++) {
+      ExpressionNode var_init_node = ain.getVarInitializer(i);
+      TempDescriptor tmp_toinit = out_temp;
+      TempDescriptor tmp_init=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("array_init", td.dereference());
+      // index=i
+      TempDescriptor index=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("index", new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.INT));
+      FlatLiteralNode fln=new FlatLiteralNode(index.getType(), new Integer(i), index);
+      fln.setNumLine(ain.getNumLine());
+      // calculate the initial value
+      NodePair np_init = flattenExpressionNode(var_init_node, tmp_init);
+      // TODO wrapper class process is missing now
+      /*if(td.isArray() && td.dereference().iswrapper()) {
+      }*/
+      FlatSetElementNode fsen=new FlatSetElementNode(tmp_toinit, index, tmp_init);
+      fsen.setNumLine(ain.getNumLine());
+      last.addNext(fln);
+      fln.addNext(np_init.getBegin());
+      np_init.getEnd().addNext(fsen);
+      last = fsen;
+    }
+    
+    return new NodePair(first, last);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenTertiaryNode(TertiaryNode tn, TempDescriptor out_temp) {
+    TempDescriptor cond_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tert_cond",new TypeDescriptor(TypeDescriptor.BOOLEAN));
+    TempDescriptor true_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tert_true",tn.getTrueExpr().getType());
+    TempDescriptor fals_temp=TempDescriptor.tempFactory("tert_fals",tn.getFalseExpr().getType());
+
+    NodePair cond=flattenExpressionNode(tn.getCond(),cond_temp);
+    FlatCondBranch fcb=new FlatCondBranch(cond_temp);
+    fcb.setNumLine(tn.getNumLine());
+
+    NodePair trueExpr=flattenExpressionNode(tn.getTrueExpr(),true_temp);
+    FlatOpNode fonT=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, true_temp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+    fonT.setNumLine(tn.getNumLine());
+
+    NodePair falseExpr=flattenExpressionNode(tn.getFalseExpr(),fals_temp);
+    FlatOpNode fonF=new FlatOpNode(out_temp, fals_temp, null, new Operation(Operation.ASSIGN));
+    fonF.setNumLine(tn.getNumLine());
+
+    FlatNop nopend=new FlatNop();
+
+    cond.getEnd().addNext(fcb);
+
+    fcb.addTrueNext(trueExpr.getBegin());
+    fcb.addFalseNext(falseExpr.getBegin());
+
+    trueExpr.getEnd().addNext(fonT);
+    fonT.addNext(nopend);
+
+    falseExpr.getEnd().addNext(fonF);
+    fonF.addNext(nopend);
+    
+    return new NodePair(cond.getBegin(), nopend);
+  }
+
+  private NodePair flattenBlockStatementNode(BlockStatementNode bsn) {
+    switch(bsn.kind()) {
+    case Kind.BlockExpressionNode:
+      return flattenBlockExpressionNode((BlockExpressionNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.DeclarationNode:
+      return flattenDeclarationNode((DeclarationNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.TagDeclarationNode:
+      return flattenTagDeclarationNode((TagDeclarationNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.IfStatementNode:
+      return flattenIfStatementNode((IfStatementNode)bsn);
+      
+    case Kind.SwitchStatementNode:
+      return flattenSwitchStatementNode((SwitchStatementNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.LoopNode:
+      return flattenLoopNode((LoopNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.ReturnNode:
+      return flattenReturnNode((IR.Tree.ReturnNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.TaskExitNode:
+      return flattenTaskExitNode((IR.Tree.TaskExitNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.SubBlockNode:
+      return flattenSubBlockNode((SubBlockNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.AtomicNode:
+      return flattenAtomicNode((AtomicNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.SynchronizedNode:
+      return flattenSynchronizedNode((SynchronizedNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.SESENode:
+      return flattenSESENode((SESENode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.GenReachNode:
+      return flattenGenReachNode((GenReachNode)bsn);
+
+    case Kind.ContinueBreakNode:
+      return flattenContinueBreakNode((ContinueBreakNode)bsn);
     }
+    throw new Error();
+  }
 }