X-Git-Url: http://demsky.eecs.uci.edu/git/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=lib%2FTransforms%2FLevelRaise.cpp;h=b76e8baa4b2295787c4748679f5d636ee569db6c;hb=b3abf9d0d8978408b3cb8d8983db8d1aaa9ce64c;hp=c672c4e5015ff5b311b926b2f4ca8365b40fa09d;hpb=44480b52b956af36a599eebcf07dbf54c68ac043;p=oota-llvm.git diff --git a/lib/Transforms/LevelRaise.cpp b/lib/Transforms/LevelRaise.cpp index c672c4e5015..b76e8baa4b2 100644 --- a/lib/Transforms/LevelRaise.cpp +++ b/lib/Transforms/LevelRaise.cpp @@ -7,28 +7,27 @@ //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #include "llvm/Transforms/LevelChange.h" +#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h" #include "TransformInternals.h" -#include "llvm/Method.h" #include "llvm/iOther.h" #include "llvm/iMemory.h" -#include "llvm/ConstantVals.h" -#include "llvm/Optimizations/ConstantHandling.h" -#include "llvm/Optimizations/DCE.h" -#include "llvm/Optimizations/ConstantProp.h" +#include "llvm/Pass.h" +#include "llvm/ConstantHandling.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/Expressions.h" +#include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/BasicBlockUtils.h" #include "Support/STLExtras.h" +#include "Support/StatisticReporter.h" #include -#include "llvm/Assembly/Writer.h" +static Statistic<> NumLoadStorePeepholes("raise\t\t- Number of load/store peepholes"); +static Statistic<> NumGEPInstFormed("raise\t\t- Number of other getelementptr's formed"); +static Statistic<> NumExprTreesConv("raise\t\t- Number of expression trees converted"); +static Statistic<> NumCastOfCast("raise\t\t- Number of cast-of-self removed"); +static Statistic<> NumDCEorCP("raise\t\t- Number of insts DCE'd or constprop'd"); -//#define DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS 1 -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS #define PRINT_PEEPHOLE(ID, NUM, I) \ - cerr << "Inst P/H " << ID << "[" << NUM << "] " << I; -#else -#define PRINT_PEEPHOLE(ID, NUM, I) -#endif + DEBUG(std::cerr << "Inst P/H " << ID << "[" << NUM << "] " << I) #define PRINT_PEEPHOLE1(ID, I1) do { PRINT_PEEPHOLE(ID, 0, I1); } while (0) #define PRINT_PEEPHOLE2(ID, I1, I2) \ @@ -50,7 +49,6 @@ static inline bool isReinterpretingCast(const CastInst *CI) { } - // Peephole optimize the following instructions: // %t1 = cast ? to x * // %t2 = add x * %SP, %t1 ;; Constant must be 2nd operand @@ -61,6 +59,7 @@ static inline bool isReinterpretingCast(const CastInst *CI) { static bool HandleCastToPointer(BasicBlock::iterator BI, const PointerType *DestPTy) { CastInst *CI = cast(*BI); + if (CI->use_empty()) return false; // Scan all of the uses, looking for any uses that are not add // instructions. If we have non-adds, do not make this transformation. @@ -75,53 +74,46 @@ static bool HandleCastToPointer(BasicBlock::iterator BI, } } - vector Indices; + std::vector Indices; Value *Src = CI->getOperand(0); const Type *Result = ConvertableToGEP(DestPTy, Src, Indices, &BI); - const PointerType *UsedType = DestPTy; - - // If we fail, check to see if we have an pointer source type that, if - // converted to an unsized array type, would work. In this case, we propogate - // the cast forward to the input of the add instruction. - // - if (Result == 0 && getPointedToComposite(DestPTy) == 0) { - // Make an unsized array and try again... - UsedType = PointerType::get(ArrayType::get(DestPTy->getElementType())); - Result = ConvertableToGEP(UsedType, Src, Indices, &BI); - } - if (Result == 0) return false; // Not convertable... PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("cast-add-to-gep:in", Src, CI); // If we have a getelementptr capability... transform all of the // add instruction uses into getelementptr's. - for (Value::use_iterator UI = CI->use_begin(), E = CI->use_end(); - UI != E; ++UI) { - Instruction *I = cast(*UI); + while (!CI->use_empty()) { + BinaryOperator *I = cast(*CI->use_begin()); assert(I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add && I->getNumOperands() == 2 && "Use is not a valid add instruction!"); // Get the value added to the cast result pointer... Value *OtherPtr = I->getOperand((I->getOperand(0) == CI) ? 1 : 0); - BasicBlock *BB = I->getParent(); - BasicBlock::iterator AddIt = find(BB->getInstList().begin(), - BB->getInstList().end(), I); + Instruction *GEP = new GetElementPtrInst(OtherPtr, Indices, I->getName()); + PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("cast-add-to-gep:i", I); - if (UsedType != DestPTy) { - // Insert a cast of the incoming value to something addressable... - CastInst *C = new CastInst(OtherPtr, UsedType, OtherPtr->getName()); - AddIt = BB->getInstList().insert(AddIt, C)+1; - OtherPtr = C; - } + if (GEP->getType() == I->getType()) { + // Replace the old add instruction with the shiny new GEP inst + ReplaceInstWithInst(I, GEP); + } else { + // If the type produced by the gep instruction differs from the original + // add instruction type, insert a cast now. + // - GetElementPtrInst *GEP = new GetElementPtrInst(OtherPtr, Indices); + // Insert the GEP instruction before the old add instruction... and get an + // iterator to point at the add instruction... + BasicBlock::iterator GEPI = InsertInstBeforeInst(GEP, I)+1; + + PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("cast-add-to-gep:o", GEP); + CastInst *CI = new CastInst(GEP, I->getType()); + GEP = CI; + + // Replace the old add instruction with the shiny new GEP inst + ReplaceInstWithInst(I->getParent()->getInstList(), GEPI, GEP); + } - PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("cast-add-to-gep:i", I); - - // Replace the old add instruction with the shiny new GEP inst - ReplaceInstWithInst(BB->getInstList(), AddIt, GEP); PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("cast-add-to-gep:o", GEP); } return true; @@ -156,7 +148,7 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimizeAddCast(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI, if (!CompTy || !SrcPtr || !OffsetVal->getType()->isIntegral()) return false; - vector Indices; + std::vector Indices; if (!ConvertableToGEP(SrcPtr->getType(), OffsetVal, Indices, &BI)) return false; // Not convertable... perhaps next time @@ -193,67 +185,33 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("cast-of-self-ty", CI); CI->replaceAllUsesWith(Src); if (!Src->hasName() && CI->hasName()) { - string Name = CI->getName(); + std::string Name = CI->getName(); CI->setName(""); Src->setName(Name, BB->getParent()->getSymbolTable()); } + + // DCE the instruction now, to avoid having the iterative version of DCE + // have to worry about it. + // + delete BB->getInstList().remove(BI); + + ++NumCastOfCast; return true; } - // Peephole optimize the following instructions: - // %tmp = cast %V to - // %V = cast %tmp to ; Where ty & ty2 are same size - // - // Into: cast %V to - // - if (SrcI) - if (CastInst *CSrc = dyn_cast(SrcI)) - if (isReinterpretingCast(CI) + isReinterpretingCast(CSrc) < 2) { - // We can only do c-c elimination if, at most, one cast does a - // reinterpretation of the input data. - // - // If legal, make this cast refer the the original casts argument! - // - PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("cast-cast:in ", CI, CSrc); - CI->setOperand(0, CSrc->getOperand(0)); - PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("cast-cast:out", CI); - return true; - } - // Check to see if it's a cast of an instruction that does not depend on the // specific type of the operands to do it's job. if (!isReinterpretingCast(CI)) { - // Check to see if we can convert the source of the cast to match the - // destination type of the cast... - // ValueTypeCache ConvertedTypes; - if (ValueConvertableToType(CI, Src->getType(), ConvertedTypes)) { - PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("CAST-DEST-EXPR-CONV:in ", Src, CI); - -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "\nCONVERTING EXPR TYPE:\n"; -#endif - ValueMapCache ValueMap; - ConvertValueToNewType(CI, Src, ValueMap); // This will delete CI! - - BI = BB->begin(); // Rescan basic block. BI might be invalidated. - PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("CAST-DEST-EXPR-CONV:out", Src); -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "DONE CONVERTING EXPR TYPE: \n\n";// << BB->getParent(); -#endif - return true; - } // Check to see if we can convert the users of the cast value to match the // source type of the cast... // - ConvertedTypes.clear(); + ConvertedTypes[CI] = CI->getType(); // Make sure the cast doesn't change if (ExpressionConvertableToType(Src, DestTy, ConvertedTypes)) { - PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("CAST-SRC-EXPR-CONV:in ", Src, CI); + PRINT_PEEPHOLE3("CAST-SRC-EXPR-CONV:in ", Src, CI, BB->getParent()); -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "\nCONVERTING SRC EXPR TYPE:\n"; -#endif + DEBUG(cerr << "\nCONVERTING SRC EXPR TYPE:\n"); ValueMapCache ValueMap; Value *E = ConvertExpressionToType(Src, DestTy, ValueMap); if (Constant *CPV = dyn_cast(E)) @@ -261,9 +219,26 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { BI = BB->begin(); // Rescan basic block. BI might be invalidated. PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("CAST-SRC-EXPR-CONV:out", E); -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "DONE CONVERTING SRC EXPR TYPE: \n\n";// << BB->getParent(); -#endif + DEBUG(cerr << "DONE CONVERTING SRC EXPR TYPE: \n" << BB->getParent()); + ++NumExprTreesConv; + return true; + } + + // Check to see if we can convert the source of the cast to match the + // destination type of the cast... + // + ConvertedTypes.clear(); + if (ValueConvertableToType(CI, Src->getType(), ConvertedTypes)) { + PRINT_PEEPHOLE3("CAST-DEST-EXPR-CONV:in ", Src, CI, BB->getParent()); + + DEBUG(cerr << "\nCONVERTING EXPR TYPE:\n"); + ValueMapCache ValueMap; + ConvertValueToNewType(CI, Src, ValueMap); // This will delete CI! + + BI = BB->begin(); // Rescan basic block. BI might be invalidated. + PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("CAST-DEST-EXPR-CONV:out", Src); + DEBUG(cerr << "DONE CONVERTING EXPR TYPE: \n\n" << BB->getParent()); + ++NumExprTreesConv; return true; } } @@ -275,6 +250,7 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { if (const PointerType *DestPTy = dyn_cast(DestTy)) { if (HandleCastToPointer(BI, DestPTy)) { BI = BB->begin(); // Rescan basic block. BI might be invalidated. + ++NumGEPInstFormed; return true; } } @@ -289,7 +265,6 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { // Into: %t2 = getelementptr {<...>} * %StructPtr, <0, 0, 0, ...> // %t1 = cast * %t1 to * // -#if 1 if (const CompositeType *CTy = getPointedToComposite(Src->getType())) if (const PointerType *DestPTy = dyn_cast(DestTy)) { @@ -316,9 +291,9 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { const Type *ElTy = 0; // Build the index vector, full of all zeros - vector Indices; - - while (CurCTy) { + std::vector Indices; + Indices.push_back(ConstantUInt::get(Type::UIntTy, 0)); + while (CurCTy && !isa(CurCTy)) { if (const StructType *CurSTy = dyn_cast(CurCTy)) { // Check for a zero element struct type... if we have one, bail. if (CurSTy->getElementTypes().size() == 0) break; @@ -359,38 +334,16 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { CI->setOperand(0, GEP); PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("cast-for-first:out", GEP, CI); + ++NumGEPInstFormed; return true; } } } -#endif -#if 1 } else if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast(I)) { Value *Val = SI->getOperand(0); Value *Pointer = SI->getPointerOperand(); - // Peephole optimize the following instructions: - // %t1 = getelementptr {<...>} * %StructPtr, - // store %v, * %t1 - // - // Into: store %v, {<...>} * %StructPtr, - // - if (GetElementPtrInst *GEP = dyn_cast(Pointer)) { - // Append any indices that the store instruction has onto the end of the - // ones that the GEP is carrying... - // - vector Indices(GEP->copyIndices()); - Indices.insert(Indices.end(), SI->idx_begin(), SI->idx_end()); - - PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("gep-store:in", GEP, SI); - ReplaceInstWithInst(BB->getInstList(), BI, - SI = new StoreInst(Val, GEP->getPointerOperand(), - Indices)); - PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("gep-store:out", SI); - return true; - } - // Peephole optimize the following instructions: // %t = cast * %P to * ;; If T1 is losslessly convertable to T2 // store %V, * %t @@ -399,6 +352,11 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { // %t = cast %V to // store %t2, * %P // + // Note: This is not taken care of by expr conversion because there might + // not be a cast available for the store to convert the incoming value of. + // This code is basically here to make sure that pointers don't have casts + // if possible. + // if (CastInst *CI = dyn_cast(Pointer)) if (Value *CastSrc = CI->getOperand(0)) // CSPT = CastSrcPointerType if (PointerType *CSPT = dyn_cast(CastSrc->getType())) @@ -417,43 +375,58 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { ReplaceInstWithInst(BB->getInstList(), BI, SI = new StoreInst(NCI, CastSrc)); PRINT_PEEPHOLE3("st-src-cast:out", NCI, CastSrc, SI); + ++NumLoadStorePeepholes; return true; } - } else if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast(I)) { -#if 0 - Value *Pointer = LI->getPointerOperand(); + Value *Pointer = LI->getOperand(0); + const Type *PtrElType = + cast(Pointer->getType())->getElementType(); // Peephole optimize the following instructions: - // %t1 = getelementptr {<...>} * %StructPtr, - // %V = load * %t1 + // %Val = cast * to * ;; If T1 is losslessly convertable to T2 + // %t = load * %P + // + // Into: + // %t = load * %P + // %Val = cast to // - // Into: load {<...>} * %StructPtr, + // Note: This is not taken care of by expr conversion because there might + // not be a cast available for the store to convert the incoming value of. + // This code is basically here to make sure that pointers don't have casts + // if possible. // - if (GetElementPtrInst *GEP = dyn_cast(Pointer)) { - // Append any indices that the load instruction has onto the end of the - // ones that the GEP is carrying... - // - vector Indices(GEP->copyIndices()); - Indices.insert(Indices.end(), LI->idx_begin(), LI->idx_end()); - - PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("gep-load:in", GEP, LI); - ReplaceInstWithInst(BB->getInstList(), BI, - LI = new LoadInst(GEP->getPointerOperand(), - Indices)); - PRINT_PEEPHOLE1("gep-load:out", LI); - return true; - } -#endif + if (CastInst *CI = dyn_cast(Pointer)) + if (Value *CastSrc = CI->getOperand(0)) // CSPT = CastSrcPointerType + if (PointerType *CSPT = dyn_cast(CastSrc->getType())) + // convertable types? + if (PtrElType->isLosslesslyConvertableTo(CSPT->getElementType()) && + !LI->hasIndices()) { // No subscripts yet! + PRINT_PEEPHOLE2("load-src-cast:in ", Pointer, LI); + + // Create the new load instruction... loading the pre-casted value + LoadInst *NewLI = new LoadInst(CastSrc, LI->getName()); + + // Insert the new T cast instruction... stealing old T's name + CastInst *NCI = new CastInst(NewLI, LI->getType(), CI->getName()); + BI = BB->getInstList().insert(BI, NewLI)+1; + + // Replace the old store with a new one! + ReplaceInstWithInst(BB->getInstList(), BI, NCI); + PRINT_PEEPHOLE3("load-src-cast:out", NCI, CastSrc, NewLI); + ++NumLoadStorePeepholes; + return true; + } + } else if (I->getOpcode() == Instruction::Add && isa(I->getOperand(1))) { if (PeepholeOptimizeAddCast(BB, BI, I->getOperand(0), - cast(I->getOperand(1)))) + cast(I->getOperand(1)))) { + ++NumGEPInstFormed; return true; - -#endif + } } return false; @@ -462,19 +435,18 @@ static bool PeepholeOptimize(BasicBlock *BB, BasicBlock::iterator &BI) { -static bool DoRaisePass(Method *M) { +static bool DoRaisePass(Function *F) { bool Changed = false; - for (Method::iterator MI = M->begin(), ME = M->end(); MI != ME; ++MI) { + for (Function::iterator MI = F->begin(), ME = F->end(); MI != ME; ++MI) { BasicBlock *BB = *MI; BasicBlock::InstListType &BIL = BB->getInstList(); for (BasicBlock::iterator BI = BB->begin(); BI != BB->end();) { - if (opt::DeadCodeElimination::dceInstruction(BIL, BI) || - opt::ConstantPropogation::doConstantPropogation(BB, BI)) { + DEBUG(cerr << "Processing: " << *BI); + if (dceInstruction(BIL, BI) || doConstantPropogation(BB, BI)) { Changed = true; -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "DeadCode Elinated!\n"; -#endif + ++NumDCEorCP; + DEBUG(cerr << "***\t\t^^-- DeadCode Elinated!\n"); } else if (PeepholeOptimize(BB, BI)) Changed = true; else @@ -485,138 +457,11 @@ static bool DoRaisePass(Method *M) { } - - -// DoInsertArrayCast - If the argument value has a pointer type, and if the -// argument value is used as an array, insert a cast before the specified -// basic block iterator that casts the value to an array pointer. Return the -// new cast instruction (in the CastResult var), or null if no cast is inserted. -// -static bool DoInsertArrayCast(Value *V, BasicBlock *BB, - BasicBlock::iterator InsertBefore) { - const PointerType *ThePtrType = dyn_cast(V->getType()); - if (!ThePtrType) return false; - - const Type *ElTy = ThePtrType->getElementType(); - if (isa(ElTy) || - (isa(ElTy) && cast(ElTy)->isUnsized())) - return false; - - unsigned ElementSize = TD.getTypeSize(ElTy); - bool InsertCast = false; - - for (Value::use_iterator I = V->use_begin(), E = V->use_end(); I != E; ++I) { - Instruction *Inst = cast(*I); - switch (Inst->getOpcode()) { - case Instruction::Cast: // There is already a cast instruction! - if (const PointerType *PT = dyn_cast(Inst->getType())) - if (const ArrayType *AT = dyn_cast(PT->getElementType())) - if (AT->getElementType() == ThePtrType->getElementType()) { - // Cast already exists! Don't mess around with it. - return false; // No changes made to program though... - } - break; - case Instruction::Add: { // Analyze pointer arithmetic... - Value *OtherOp = Inst->getOperand(Inst->getOperand(0) == V); - analysis::ExprType Expr = analysis::ClassifyExpression(OtherOp); - - // This looks like array addressing iff: - // A. The constant of the index is larger than the size of the element - // type. - // B. The scale factor is >= the size of the type. - // - if (Expr.Offset && getConstantValue(Expr.Offset) >= (int)ElementSize) // A - InsertCast = true; - - if (Expr.Scale && getConstantValue(Expr.Scale) >= (int)ElementSize) // B - InsertCast = true; - - break; - } - default: break; // Not an interesting use... - } - } - - if (!InsertCast) return false; // There is no reason to insert a cast! - - // Calculate the destination pointer type - const PointerType *DestTy = PointerType::get(ArrayType::get(ElTy)); - - // Check to make sure that all uses of the value can be converted over to use - // the newly typed value. - // - ValueTypeCache ConvertedTypes; - if (!ValueConvertableToType(V, DestTy, ConvertedTypes)) { - cerr << "FAILED to convert types of values for " << V << " to " << DestTy << "\n"; - ConvertedTypes.clear(); - ValueConvertableToType(V, DestTy, ConvertedTypes); - return false; - } - ConvertedTypes.clear(); - - // Insert a cast! - CastInst *TheCast = - new CastInst(Constant::getNullConstant(V->getType()), DestTy, V->getName()); - BB->getInstList().insert(InsertBefore, TheCast); - -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "Inserting cast for " << V << endl; -#endif - - // Convert users of the old value over to use the cast result... - ValueMapCache VMC; - ConvertValueToNewType(V, TheCast, VMC); - - // The cast is the only thing that is allowed to reference the value... - TheCast->setOperand(0, V); - -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "Inserted ptr-array cast: " << TheCast; -#endif - return true; // Made a change! -} - - -// DoInsertArrayCasts - Loop over all "incoming" values in the specified method, -// inserting a cast for pointer values that are used as arrays. For our -// purposes, an incoming value is considered to be either a value that is -// either a method parameter, or a pointer returned from a function call. -// -static bool DoInsertArrayCasts(Method *M) { - assert(!M->isExternal() && "Can't handle external methods!"); - - // Insert casts for all arguments to the function... - bool Changed = false; - BasicBlock *CurBB = M->front(); - - for (Method::ArgumentListType::iterator AI = M->getArgumentList().begin(), - AE = M->getArgumentList().end(); AI != AE; ++AI) { - - Changed |= DoInsertArrayCast(*AI, CurBB, CurBB->begin()); - } - - // TODO: insert casts for alloca, malloc, and function call results. Also, - // look for pointers that already have casts, to add to the map. - -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - if (Changed) cerr << "Inserted casts:\n" << M; -#endif - - return Changed; -} - - - - -// RaisePointerReferences::doit - Raise a method representation to a higher +// RaisePointerReferences::doit - Raise a function representation to a higher // level. // -bool RaisePointerReferences::doit(Method *M) { - if (M->isExternal()) return false; - -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "\n\n\nStarting to work on Method '" << M->getName() << "'\n"; -#endif +static bool doRPR(Function *F) { + DEBUG(cerr << "\n\n\nStarting to work on Function '" << F->getName()<< "'\n"); // Insert casts for all incoming pointer pointer values that are treated as // arrays... @@ -624,17 +469,33 @@ bool RaisePointerReferences::doit(Method *M) { bool Changed = false, LocalChange; do { -#ifdef DEBUG_PEEPHOLE_INSTS - cerr << "Looping: \n" << M; -#endif - LocalChange = DoInsertArrayCasts(M); + DEBUG(cerr << "Looping: \n" << F); - // Iterate over the method, refining it, until it converges on a stable + // Iterate over the function, refining it, until it converges on a stable // state - while (DoRaisePass(M)) LocalChange = true; + LocalChange = false; + while (DoRaisePass(F)) LocalChange = true; Changed |= LocalChange; } while (LocalChange); return Changed; } + +namespace { + struct RaisePointerReferences : public FunctionPass { + const char *getPassName() const { return "Raise Pointer References"; } + + virtual bool runOnFunction(Function *F) { return doRPR(F); } + + virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const { + AU.preservesCFG(); + } + }; +} + +Pass *createRaisePointerReferencesPass() { + return new RaisePointerReferences(); +} + +