Make it work more generically

Make it work more generically

Summary:
Change the strategy here: provide a more generic interface
which can be used safely with any exception types, but operates more
efficiently for explicitly named types.  Update the callers to use the
new pattern, which mostly means get() and operator* are replaced with
other more generic methods.  (This diff was constructed by merging
D1490304, D1501644, and D1500861.)

Test Plan:
run tests.  Run something which generates an exception
message, and make sure that message isn't "std::exception"

Reviewed By: marccelani@fb.com

Subscribers: ruibalp, mcduff, marccelani, hitesh, mshneer, rtgw-diffs@, alandau, bmatheny, adityab, wormhole-diffs@, bwester, njormrod

FB internal diff: D1517701