Fix SCEV cache invalidation in LCSSA and LoopSimplify.

Fix SCEV cache invalidation in LCSSA and LoopSimplify.

The LoopSimplify bug is pretty harmless because the loop goes from unanalyzable
to analyzable but the LCSSA bug is very nasty. It only comes into play with a
specific order of the LoopPassManager worklist and can cause actual
miscompilations, when a SCEV refers to a value that has been replaced with PHI
node. SCEVExpander may then insert code into the wrong place, either violating
domination or randomly miscompiling stuff.

Comes with an extensive test case reduced from the test-suite with
bugpoint+SCEVValidator.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@166787 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8