Add non-throwing alternative to decodeVarint

Add non-throwing alternative to decodeVarint

Summary:
In mcrouter code, we would like a non-throwing alternative to `decodeVarint()`. There
are real, expected scenarios where only part of a serialized varint fits into a packet,
in which case mcrouter fails to decode the varint and throws.  In these scenarios,
throwing too many exceptions can lead to lock contention and degrade performance.

Reviewed By: yfeldblum

Differential Revision: D5153823

fbshipit-source-id: 138273af832903f0b04bee0bcacddd66b4274129