From 72b252aed506b8f1a03f7abd29caef4cdf6a043b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mel Gorman Date: Fri, 4 Sep 2015 15:47:32 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] mm: send one IPI per CPU to TLB flush all entries after unmapping pages An IPI is sent to flush remote TLBs when a page is unmapped that was potentially accesssed by other CPUs. There are many circumstances where this happens but the obvious one is kswapd reclaiming pages belonging to a running process as kswapd and the task are likely running on separate CPUs. On small machines, this is not a significant problem but as machine gets larger with more cores and more memory, the cost of these IPIs can be high. This patch uses a simple structure that tracks CPUs that potentially have TLB entries for pages being unmapped. When the unmapping is complete, the full TLB is flushed on the assumption that a refill cost is lower than flushing individual entries. Architectures wishing to do this must give the following guarantee. If a clean page is unmapped and not immediately flushed, the architecture must guarantee that a write to that linear address from a CPU with a cached TLB entry will trap a page fault. This is essentially what the kernel already depends on but the window is much larger with this patch applied and is worth highlighting. The architecture should consider whether the cost of the full TLB flush is higher than sending an IPI to flush each individual entry. An additional architecture helper called flush_tlb_local is required. It's a trivial wrapper with some accounting in the x86 case. The impact of this patch depends on the workload as measuring any benefit requires both mapped pages co-located on the LRU and memory pressure. The case with the biggest impact is multiple processes reading mapped pages taken from the vm-scalability test suite. The test case uses NR_CPU readers of mapped files that consume 10*RAM. Linear mapped reader on a 4-node machine with 64G RAM and 48 CPUs 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 Ops lru-file-mmap-read-elapsed 159.62 ( 0.00%) 120.68 ( 24.40%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_range 30.59 ( 0.00%) 2.80 ( 90.85%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_stddv 6.70 ( 0.00%) 0.64 ( 90.38%) 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 User 581.00 611.43 System 5804.93 4111.76 Elapsed 161.03 122.12 This is showing that the readers completed 24.40% faster with 29% less system CPU time. From vmstats, it is known that the vanilla kernel was interrupted roughly 900K times per second during the steady phase of the test and the patched kernel was interrupts 180K times per second. The impact is lower on a single socket machine. 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 Ops lru-file-mmap-read-elapsed 25.33 ( 0.00%) 20.38 ( 19.54%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_range 0.91 ( 0.00%) 1.44 (-58.24%) Ops lru-file-mmap-read-time_stddv 0.28 ( 0.00%) 0.47 (-65.34%) 4.2.0-rc1 4.2.0-rc1 vanilla flushfull-v7 User 58.09 57.64 System 111.82 76.56 Elapsed 27.29 22.55 It's still a noticeable improvement with vmstat showing interrupts went from roughly 500K per second to 45K per second. The patch will have no impact on workloads with no memory pressure or have relatively few mapped pages. It will have an unpredictable impact on the workload running on the CPU being flushed as it'll depend on how many TLB entries need to be refilled and how long that takes. Worst case, the TLB will be completely cleared of active entries when the target PFNs were not resident at all. [sasha.levin@oracle.com: trace tlb flush after disabling preemption in try_to_unmap_flush] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel Cc: Dave Hansen Acked-by: Ingo Molnar Cc: Linus Torvalds Signed-off-by: Sasha Levin Cc: Michal Hocko Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds --- arch/x86/Kconfig | 1 + arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h | 6 ++ include/linux/rmap.h | 3 + include/linux/sched.h | 16 +++++ init/Kconfig | 10 +++ mm/internal.h | 11 ++++ mm/rmap.c | 104 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- mm/vmscan.c | 23 ++++++- 8 files changed, 172 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig index 48f7433dac6f..117e2f373e50 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig @@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ config X86 select ARCH_USE_CMPXCHG_LOCKREF if X86_64 select ARCH_USE_QUEUED_RWLOCKS select ARCH_USE_QUEUED_SPINLOCKS + select ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH if SMP select ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT select ARCH_WANT_FRAME_POINTERS select ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION if X86_32 diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h index cd791948b286..6df2029405a3 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/tlbflush.h @@ -261,6 +261,12 @@ static inline void reset_lazy_tlbstate(void) #endif /* SMP */ +/* Not inlined due to inc_irq_stat not being defined yet */ +#define flush_tlb_local() { \ + inc_irq_stat(irq_tlb_count); \ + local_flush_tlb(); \ +} + #ifndef CONFIG_PARAVIRT #define flush_tlb_others(mask, mm, start, end) \ native_flush_tlb_others(mask, mm, start, end) diff --git a/include/linux/rmap.h b/include/linux/rmap.h index c89c53a113a8..29446aeef36e 100644 --- a/include/linux/rmap.h +++ b/include/linux/rmap.h @@ -89,6 +89,9 @@ enum ttu_flags { TTU_IGNORE_MLOCK = (1 << 8), /* ignore mlock */ TTU_IGNORE_ACCESS = (1 << 9), /* don't age */ TTU_IGNORE_HWPOISON = (1 << 10),/* corrupted page is recoverable */ + TTU_BATCH_FLUSH = (1 << 11), /* Batch TLB flushes where possible + * and caller guarantees they will + * do a final flush if necessary */ }; #ifdef CONFIG_MMU diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 119823decc46..3c602c20c717 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -1344,6 +1344,18 @@ enum perf_event_task_context { perf_nr_task_contexts, }; +/* Track pages that require TLB flushes */ +struct tlbflush_unmap_batch { + /* + * Each bit set is a CPU that potentially has a TLB entry for one of + * the PFNs being flushed. See set_tlb_ubc_flush_pending(). + */ + struct cpumask cpumask; + + /* True if any bit in cpumask is set */ + bool flush_required; +}; + struct task_struct { volatile long state; /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */ void *stack; @@ -1700,6 +1712,10 @@ struct task_struct { unsigned long numa_pages_migrated; #endif /* CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING */ +#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH + struct tlbflush_unmap_batch tlb_ubc; +#endif + struct rcu_head rcu; /* diff --git a/init/Kconfig b/init/Kconfig index 161acd8bc56f..cf7e4824c8d0 100644 --- a/init/Kconfig +++ b/init/Kconfig @@ -882,6 +882,16 @@ config GENERIC_SCHED_CLOCK config ARCH_SUPPORTS_NUMA_BALANCING bool +# +# For architectures that prefer to flush all TLBs after a number of pages +# are unmapped instead of sending one IPI per page to flush. The architecture +# must provide guarantees on what happens if a clean TLB cache entry is +# written after the unmap. Details are in mm/rmap.c near the check for +# should_defer_flush. The architecture should also consider if the full flush +# and the refill costs are offset by the savings of sending fewer IPIs. +config ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH + bool + # # For architectures that know their GCC __int128 support is sound # diff --git a/mm/internal.h b/mm/internal.h index 36b23f1e2ca6..bd6372ac5f7f 100644 --- a/mm/internal.h +++ b/mm/internal.h @@ -426,4 +426,15 @@ unsigned long reclaim_clean_pages_from_list(struct zone *zone, #define ALLOC_CMA 0x80 /* allow allocations from CMA areas */ #define ALLOC_FAIR 0x100 /* fair zone allocation */ +enum ttu_flags; +struct tlbflush_unmap_batch; + +#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH +void try_to_unmap_flush(void); +#else +static inline void try_to_unmap_flush(void) +{ +} + +#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH */ #endif /* __MM_INTERNAL_H */ diff --git a/mm/rmap.c b/mm/rmap.c index 171b68768df1..326d5d89e45c 100644 --- a/mm/rmap.c +++ b/mm/rmap.c @@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ #include +#include + #include "internal.h" static struct kmem_cache *anon_vma_cachep; @@ -583,6 +585,89 @@ vma_address(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma) return address; } +#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH +static void percpu_flush_tlb_batch_pages(void *data) +{ + /* + * All TLB entries are flushed on the assumption that it is + * cheaper to flush all TLBs and let them be refilled than + * flushing individual PFNs. Note that we do not track mm's + * to flush as that might simply be multiple full TLB flushes + * for no gain. + */ + count_vm_tlb_event(NR_TLB_REMOTE_FLUSH_RECEIVED); + flush_tlb_local(); +} + +/* + * Flush TLB entries for recently unmapped pages from remote CPUs. It is + * important if a PTE was dirty when it was unmapped that it's flushed + * before any IO is initiated on the page to prevent lost writes. Similarly, + * it must be flushed before freeing to prevent data leakage. + */ +void try_to_unmap_flush(void) +{ + struct tlbflush_unmap_batch *tlb_ubc = ¤t->tlb_ubc; + int cpu; + + if (!tlb_ubc->flush_required) + return; + + cpu = get_cpu(); + + trace_tlb_flush(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, -1UL); + + if (cpumask_test_cpu(cpu, &tlb_ubc->cpumask)) + percpu_flush_tlb_batch_pages(&tlb_ubc->cpumask); + + if (cpumask_any_but(&tlb_ubc->cpumask, cpu) < nr_cpu_ids) { + smp_call_function_many(&tlb_ubc->cpumask, + percpu_flush_tlb_batch_pages, (void *)tlb_ubc, true); + } + cpumask_clear(&tlb_ubc->cpumask); + tlb_ubc->flush_required = false; + put_cpu(); +} + +static void set_tlb_ubc_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm, + struct page *page) +{ + struct tlbflush_unmap_batch *tlb_ubc = ¤t->tlb_ubc; + + cpumask_or(&tlb_ubc->cpumask, &tlb_ubc->cpumask, mm_cpumask(mm)); + tlb_ubc->flush_required = true; +} + +/* + * Returns true if the TLB flush should be deferred to the end of a batch of + * unmap operations to reduce IPIs. + */ +static bool should_defer_flush(struct mm_struct *mm, enum ttu_flags flags) +{ + bool should_defer = false; + + if (!(flags & TTU_BATCH_FLUSH)) + return false; + + /* If remote CPUs need to be flushed then defer batch the flush */ + if (cpumask_any_but(mm_cpumask(mm), get_cpu()) < nr_cpu_ids) + should_defer = true; + put_cpu(); + + return should_defer; +} +#else +static void set_tlb_ubc_flush_pending(struct mm_struct *mm, + struct page *page) +{ +} + +static bool should_defer_flush(struct mm_struct *mm, enum ttu_flags flags) +{ + return false; +} +#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH */ + /* * At what user virtual address is page expected in vma? * Caller should check the page is actually part of the vma. @@ -1220,7 +1305,24 @@ static int try_to_unmap_one(struct page *page, struct vm_area_struct *vma, /* Nuke the page table entry. */ flush_cache_page(vma, address, page_to_pfn(page)); - pteval = ptep_clear_flush(vma, address, pte); + if (should_defer_flush(mm, flags)) { + /* + * We clear the PTE but do not flush so potentially a remote + * CPU could still be writing to the page. If the entry was + * previously clean then the architecture must guarantee that + * a clear->dirty transition on a cached TLB entry is written + * through and traps if the PTE is unmapped. + */ + pteval = ptep_get_and_clear(mm, address, pte); + + /* Potentially writable TLBs must be flushed before IO */ + if (pte_dirty(pteval)) + flush_tlb_page(vma, address); + else + set_tlb_ubc_flush_pending(mm, page); + } else { + pteval = ptep_clear_flush(vma, address, pte); + } /* Move the dirty bit to the physical page now the pte is gone. */ if (pte_dirty(pteval)) diff --git a/mm/vmscan.c b/mm/vmscan.c index 8286938c70de..99ec00d6a5dd 100644 --- a/mm/vmscan.c +++ b/mm/vmscan.c @@ -1057,7 +1057,8 @@ static unsigned long shrink_page_list(struct list_head *page_list, * processes. Try to unmap it here. */ if (page_mapped(page) && mapping) { - switch (try_to_unmap(page, ttu_flags)) { + switch (try_to_unmap(page, + ttu_flags|TTU_BATCH_FLUSH)) { case SWAP_FAIL: goto activate_locked; case SWAP_AGAIN: @@ -1208,6 +1209,7 @@ keep: } mem_cgroup_uncharge_list(&free_pages); + try_to_unmap_flush(); free_hot_cold_page_list(&free_pages, true); list_splice(&ret_pages, page_list); @@ -2151,6 +2153,23 @@ out: } } +#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH +static void init_tlb_ubc(void) +{ + /* + * This deliberately does not clear the cpumask as it's expensive + * and unnecessary. If there happens to be data in there then the + * first SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX pages will send an unnecessary IPI and + * then will be cleared. + */ + current->tlb_ubc.flush_required = false; +} +#else +static inline void init_tlb_ubc(void) +{ +} +#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_BATCHED_UNMAP_TLB_FLUSH */ + /* * This is a basic per-zone page freer. Used by both kswapd and direct reclaim. */ @@ -2185,6 +2204,8 @@ static void shrink_lruvec(struct lruvec *lruvec, int swappiness, scan_adjusted = (global_reclaim(sc) && !current_is_kswapd() && sc->priority == DEF_PRIORITY); + init_tlb_ubc(); + blk_start_plug(&plug); while (nr[LRU_INACTIVE_ANON] || nr[LRU_ACTIVE_FILE] || nr[LRU_INACTIVE_FILE]) { -- 2.34.1