From 8e36c5a804b615fbf36aad9546e606a68323a583 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: adash <adash>
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2010 17:42:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] generate emails

---
 .../Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLConverter.c |   32 +
 .../Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLList        |  756 ++
 .../Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/accountList    |  600 ++
 .../Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/filter.java    |   47 +
 .../Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c          |  197 +
 .../Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/wordList       | 8488 +++++++++++++++++
 6 files changed, 10120 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLConverter.c
 create mode 100644 Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLList
 create mode 100644 Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/accountList
 create mode 100644 Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/filter.java
 create mode 100644 Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c
 create mode 100644 Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/wordList

diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLConverter.c b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLConverter.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75bdc0ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLConverter.c
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include<stdio.h>
+#include<stdlib.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  FILE* fread = fopen("urlname","r");
+  FILE* fwrite = fopen("URLList","w");
+
+  char buffer[100];
+  int ran;
+
+  srand(1);
+  while(fscanf(fread," %s",buffer) != EOF)
+  {
+    ran = rand() % 4;
+
+    switch(ran) {
+      case 0 :
+        fprintf(fwrite,"http://www.%s.com\n",buffer);
+        break;
+      case 1:
+        fprintf(fwrite,"http://www.%s.ca\n",buffer);
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        fprintf(fwrite,"http://www.%s.co.uk\n",buffer);
+        break;
+      case 3:
+        fprintf(fwrite,"http://www.%s.co.kr\n",buffer);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLList b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLList
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85a8ed4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/URLList
@@ -0,0 +1,756 @@
+http://www.yward.co.kr
+http://www.Chandler.co.uk
+http://www.San.ca
+http://www.Bernardino.co.kr
+http://www.Oil.ca
+http://www.City.co.kr
+http://www.La.co.uk
+http://www.Puente.com
+http://www.Lincoln.ca
+http://www.Walla.ca
+http://www.Walla.co.uk
+http://www.Mission.co.kr
+http://www.Viejo.co.uk
+http://www.Hattiesburg.co.kr
+http://www.Asbury.co.kr
+http://www.Park.co.uk
+http://www.Cicero.com
+http://www.Egg.co.uk
+http://www.Harbor.com
+http://www.Pascagoula.com
+http://www.Detroit.co.kr
+http://www.Carbondale.com
+http://www.Starkville.co.kr
+http://www.South.ca
+http://www.El.co.uk
+http://www.Monte.co.uk
+http://www.Port.co.uk
+http://www.Arthur.co.kr
+http://www.Woodruff.co.kr
+http://www.Blythe.co.kr
+http://www.Monrovia.ca
+http://www.Areceibo.co.uk
+http://www.Plattsburgh.co.uk
+http://www.Visalia.co.uk
+http://www.Rolla.ca
+http://www.Jeffersonville.co.kr
+http://www.Naperville.ca
+http://www.Ada.com
+http://www.Newport.co.kr
+http://www.Rutland.co.uk
+http://www.Urbana.ca
+http://www.Agawam.ca
+http://www.Valencia.ca
+http://www.Pierre.co.kr
+http://www.Oneida.com
+http://www.Hickory.ca
+http://www.Corinth.co.uk
+http://www.Murray.com
+http://www.West.co.kr
+http://www.Hollywood.co.uk
+http://www.Mission.ca
+http://www.News.com
+http://www.Butte.com
+http://www.Shreveport.ca
+http://www.Fredericksburg.co.uk
+http://www.Greenville.co.uk
+http://www.Wheeling.com
+http://www.Claremore.ca
+http://www.Corvallis.ca
+http://www.Parma.ca
+http://www.Cheyenne.com
+http://www.Flint.co.kr
+http://www.Eden.com
+http://www.Prairie.ca
+http://www.Commerce.co.uk
+http://www.Commerce.ca
+http://www.West.ca
+http://www.Covina.com
+http://www.Johnstown.co.kr
+http://www.nus.co.uk
+http://www.Uriel.ca
+http://www.Connor.co.uk
+http://www.Joel.co.kr
+http://www.Tanek.co.uk
+http://www.Luke.com
+http://www.Eric.co.kr
+http://www.Keith.co.uk
+http://www.Giacomo.co.kr
+http://www.Joseph.com
+http://www.Walter.com
+http://www.Barry.co.uk
+http://www.Vladimir.com
+http://www.Jerome.com
+http://www.Derek.co.kr
+http://www.Igor.co.kr
+http://www.Damian.co.uk
+http://www.Baxter.co.kr
+http://www.Carter.com
+http://www.Tate.com
+http://www.Brody.com
+http://www.Baxter.com
+http://www.Cameron.co.kr
+http://www.Oscar.com
+http://www.Declan.co.uk
+http://www.Carson.co.uk
+http://www.Kevin.co.uk
+http://www.Nero.co.kr
+http://www.Abbot.co.kr
+http://www.Wallace.co.uk
+http://www.Calvin.co.uk
+http://www.Logan.co.uk
+http://www.Talon.co.kr
+http://www.Graham.ca
+http://www.Callum.ca
+http://www.Phelan.co.uk
+http://www.Amos.ca
+http://www.James.com
+http://www.Erich.com
+http://www.Hedley.com
+http://www.Amal.ca
+http://www.Dolan.com
+http://www.Jordan.co.uk
+http://www.Zachery.ca
+http://www.Richard.ca
+http://www.Robert.ca
+http://www.Hu.com
+http://www.Travis.com
+http://www.Lyle.ca
+http://www.Warren.co.kr
+http://www.Amir.ca
+http://www.Oren.ca
+http://www.Brennan.co.kr
+http://www.Ralph.ca
+http://www.Adrian.co.kr
+http://www.Duncan.ca
+http://www.Garrison.co.kr
+http://www.Norman.co.kr
+http://www.Dylan.com
+http://www.Erasmus.ca
+http://www.Theodore.ca
+http://www.Wade.co.uk
+http://www.Cody.ca
+http://www.Dorian.co.uk
+http://www.Boris.co.kr
+http://www.Yoshio.co.kr
+http://www.Felix.com
+http://www.Len.com
+http://www.Elliott.co.kr
+http://www.Raphael.com
+http://www.Mannix.ca
+http://www.Len.co.kr
+http://www.Macon.co.uk
+http://www.Harlan.com
+http://www.Cain.com
+http://www.Brandon.co.kr
+http://www.Jamal.com
+http://www.Asher.ca
+http://www.Porter.com
+http://www.Hiram.co.kr
+http://www.Branden.co.uk
+http://www.Jasper.ca
+http://www.Kermit.co.uk
+http://www.Tucker.co.kr
+http://www.Joel.ca
+http://www.Theodore.co.kr
+http://www.Drew.co.kr
+http://www.Daniel.com
+http://www.Christopher.com
+http://www.Lucas.com
+http://www.Cadman.ca
+http://www.Cadman.co.uk
+http://www.Simon.ca
+http://www.Herrod.com
+http://www.David.co.uk
+http://www.Samuel.com
+http://www.Raymond.com
+http://www.Calvin.co.kr
+http://www.Lance.com
+http://www.Julian.co.kr
+http://www.Quinlan.co.kr
+http://www.Vladimir.co.kr
+http://www.Chase.ca
+http://www.Coby.co.kr
+http://www.Bernard.com
+http://www.Elliott.com
+http://www.Nigel.co.kr
+http://www.Carl.ca
+http://www.Beau.com
+http://www.Carson.co.kr
+http://www.Dominic.co.kr
+http://www.Lane.co.uk
+http://www.Phelan.ca
+http://www.Clarke.co.uk
+http://www.Bruce.co.kr
+http://www.Malcolm.ca
+http://www.Steel.ca
+http://www.Caesar.co.uk
+http://www.Kamal.com
+http://www.Ahmed.co.kr
+http://www.Addison.co.kr
+http://www.Abraham.com
+http://www.Devin.ca
+http://www.Simon.com
+http://www.Reuben.com
+http://www.Camden.co.kr
+http://www.Alan.co.kr
+http://www.Hall.ca
+http://www.Nicholas.co.uk
+http://www.Reed.co.uk
+http://www.Francis.com
+http://www.Troy.com
+http://www.Alden.co.uk
+http://www.Cooper.com
+http://www.Oscar.ca
+http://www.Lucius.ca
+http://www.Emery.ca
+http://www.Ulric.com
+http://www.Vernon.com
+http://www.Vincent.co.kr
+http://www.Michael.co.uk
+http://www.Byron.co.kr
+http://www.Barclay.co.uk
+http://www.Ezra.co.kr
+http://www.Mark.com
+http://www.Ira.ca
+http://www.Clayton.com
+http://www.Rogan.co.uk
+http://www.Ali.ca
+http://www.Conan.co.kr
+http://www.Ryder.co.uk
+http://www.Amal.co.uk
+http://www.Jeremy.ca
+http://www.Murphy.co.uk
+http://www.Silas.co.uk
+http://www.Micah.com
+http://www.Noah.ca
+http://www.Dennis.co.kr
+http://www.Grady.co.kr
+http://www.Jonah.com
+http://www.Edward.co.kr
+http://www.Kasimir.co.uk
+http://www.Brady.com
+http://www.Kareem.co.kr
+http://www.Dustin.co.kr
+http://www.Thaddeus.com
+http://www.Colton.com
+http://www.Nasim.co.uk
+http://www.Russell.co.kr
+http://www.Tyrone.co.uk
+http://www.Seth.ca
+http://www.Tucker.ca
+http://www.Davis.ca
+http://www.Jermaine.co.uk
+http://www.Gil.co.uk
+http://www.Isaac.ca
+http://www.Harrison.com
+http://www.Nicholas.com
+http://www.Igor.co.uk
+http://www.Conan.ca
+http://www.Stone.com
+http://www.Eric.com
+http://www.Knox.co.uk
+http://www.Leo.com
+http://www.Elmo.ca
+http://www.Brent.co.uk
+http://www.Darius.com
+http://www.Lucian.com
+http://www.Mohammad.com
+http://www.San.com
+http://www.Juan.co.kr
+http://www.Capistrano.co.kr
+http://www.West.co.uk
+http://www.Hollywood.com
+http://www.Batavia.co.kr
+http://www.Middletown.ca
+http://www.Sturgis.co.kr
+http://www.Bay.ca
+http://www.St..co.uk
+http://www.Louis.ca
+http://www.Laredo.co.uk
+http://www.Minneapolis.com
+http://www.Prescott.co.kr
+http://www.Stillwater.co.kr
+http://www.Rome.ca
+http://www.Gadsden.co.kr
+http://www.Seattle.com
+http://www.Glen.co.kr
+http://www.Cove.ca
+http://www.Waycross.ca
+http://www.Wausau.com
+http://www.Chula.co.uk
+http://www.Vista.co.kr
+http://www.Edmond.co.uk
+http://www.Fort.co.uk
+http://www.Collins.com
+http://www.Carolina.com
+http://www.Joplin.co.uk
+http://www.Lodi.com
+http://www.Scottsdale.com
+http://www.Murfreesboro.co.uk
+http://www.Sanford.com
+http://www.Bend.co.kr
+http://www.Antonio.com
+http://www.Santa.co.kr
+http://www.Cruz.co.uk
+http://www.Elkhart.co.kr
+http://www.Rapid.com
+http://www.City.com
+http://www.Dover.com
+http://www.Battle.co.kr
+http://www.Creek.ca
+http://www.Peoria.com
+http://www.Fond.co.uk
+http://www.du.co.uk
+http://www.Lac.co.kr
+http://www.Newburgh.co.uk
+http://www.Michigan.ca
+http://www.City.ca
+http://www.Half.com
+http://www.Moon.ca
+http://www.Bay.co.kr
+http://www.Bremerton.co.kr
+http://www.Calumet.co.kr
+http://www.Biddeford.com
+http://www.Williamsport.co.kr
+http://www.Titusville.co.kr
+http://www.Huntington.com
+http://www.Park.co.kr
+http://www.Mateo.com
+http://www.Denver.co.kr
+http://www.Green.co.uk
+http://www.River.com
+http://www.Reedsport.co.uk
+http://www.Hopkinsville.com
+http://www.New.com
+http://www.Bedford.co.uk
+http://www.Augusta.ca
+http://www.Marlborough.com
+http://www.Austin.ca
+http://www.Mequon.co.uk
+http://www.Green.com
+http://www.North.com
+http://www.Platte.com
+http://www.Greenfield.co.uk
+http://www.Jenks.ca
+http://www.Jeffersontown.ca
+http://www.Cheyenne.co.uk
+http://www.Philadelphia.co.kr
+http://www.Chicopee.com
+http://www.Hot.co.uk
+http://www.Springs.co.uk
+http://www.Rockford.ca
+http://www.Marys.co.uk
+http://www.Pico.com
+http://www.Rivera.co.uk
+http://www.Hermosa.ca
+http://www.Beach.ca
+http://www.Irwindale.co.kr
+http://www.Baton.com
+http://www.Rouge.com
+http://www.Lawton.co.kr
+http://www.Melrose.co.uk
+http://www.Centennial.com
+http://www.La.co.kr
+http://www.Puente.ca
+http://www.Kalispell.ca
+http://www.Meriden.com
+http://www.Harbor.co.kr
+http://www.Oshkosh.com
+http://www.Tupelo.co.uk
+http://www.Agoura.co.kr
+http://www.Hills.com
+http://www.Baytown.ca
+http://www.Lufkin.ca
+http://www.Baldwin.ca
+http://www.Myrtle.com
+http://www.Midland.ca
+http://www.Nanticoke.co.uk
+http://www.Covington.com
+http://www.Haven.co.uk
+http://www.Helena.co.uk
+http://www.Nome.com
+http://www.Brookings.ca
+http://www.Bend.co.uk
+http://www.Rafael.com
+http://www.Louisville.ca
+http://www.Signal.com
+http://www.Hill.com
+http://www.Oil.co.uk
+http://www.City.co.uk
+http://www.Culver.com
+http://www.Darlington.ca
+http://www.Bellflower.com
+http://www.Enid.co.kr
+http://www.Pocatello.ca
+http://www.New.ca
+http://www.Madrid.com
+http://www.Ithaca.co.uk
+http://www.Clarksburg.co.uk
+http://www.Wichita.co.uk
+http://www.Falls.com
+http://www.Kahului.ca
+http://www.Pullman.com
+http://www.Syracuse.co.uk
+http://www.Kearns.com
+http://www.Juan.ca
+http://www.Capistrano.co.uk
+http://www.Homer.co.kr
+http://www.Lewiston.ca
+http://www.Memphis.ca
+http://www.Bossier.com
+http://www.Grand.ca
+http://www.Forks.com
+http://www.Bakersfield.co.kr
+http://www.Provo.com
+http://www.Rafael.ca
+http://www.Chino.com
+http://www.Santa.com
+http://www.Barbara.co.uk
+http://www.Murrieta.ca
+http://www.Palos.com
+http://www.Verdes.com
+http://www.Estates.com
+http://www.North.co.kr
+http://www.Chicago.co.uk
+http://www.East.com
+http://www.Lansing.com
+http://www.The.co.uk
+http://www.Dalles.co.uk
+http://www.St..ca
+http://www.Petersburg.co.kr
+http://www.Gardena.co.kr
+http://www.Chicago.co.kr
+http://www.Heights.co.uk
+http://www.Minnetonka.com
+http://www.Waukegan.co.kr
+http://www.Montpelier.com
+http://www.Reno.ca
+http://www.Hills.co.uk
+http://www.Meridian.co.kr
+http://www.Cody.co.kr
+http://www.Rancho.co.kr
+http://www.Cordova.co.uk
+http://www.Jersey.co.kr
+http://www.Newburyport.co.kr
+http://www.Mandan.co.kr
+http://www.Selma.com
+http://www.ve.ca
+http://www.Vacaville.ca
+http://www.Fort.com
+http://www.Worth.ca
+http://www.of.co.kr
+http://www.Industry.co.kr
+http://www.Coatesville.com
+http://www.Fremont.co.uk
+http://www.Chickasha.co.kr
+http://www.Broken.ca
+http://www.Arrow.ca
+http://www.Valley.com
+http://www.Oro.co.kr
+http://www.Valley.co.kr
+http://www.Poughkeepsie.com
+http://www.Downey.ca
+http://www.Huron.co.uk
+http://www.Greensburg.com
+http://www.Cheyenne.ca
+http://www.Fernando.co.uk
+http://www.Nichols.com
+http://www.Hills.ca
+http://www.Lockport.co.uk
+http://www.Flagstaff.com
+http://www.Long.ca
+http://www.Beach.co.kr
+http://www.Cortland.ca
+http://www.Sioux.ca
+http://www.Falls.ca
+http://www.Brookfield.co.uk
+http://www.Merced.ca
+http://www.Miami.com
+http://www.Phenix.ca
+http://www.Allentown.co.uk
+http://www.Muncie.com
+http://www.Belleville.ca
+http://www.Wausau.co.uk
+http://www.Longview.com
+http://www.Healdsburg.ca
+http://www.Buena.co.uk
+http://www.Park.com
+http://www.Knoxville.co.uk
+http://www.Gardens.co.uk
+http://www.Joliet.co.uk
+http://www.New.co.uk
+http://www.Kensington.com
+http://www.Oxnard.com
+http://www.Honolulu.co.uk
+http://www.Fairmont.ca
+http://www.Homer.co.uk
+http://www.Norfolk.co.uk
+http://www.Yuma.co.kr
+http://www.Rialto.co.uk
+http://www.San.co.kr
+http://www.Luis.com
+http://www.Obispo.co.kr
+http://www.Diego.ca
+http://www.Helena.co.kr
+http://www.Fontana.com
+http://www.Bethany.co.uk
+http://www.Dalles.co.kr
+http://www.Little.com
+http://www.Rock.co.uk
+http://www.Vancouver.com
+http://www.Abilene.co.kr
+http://www.Baldwin.co.uk
+http://www.Park.ca
+http://www.Laramie.ca
+http://www.Philadelphia.co.uk
+http://www.Beaumont.co.kr
+http://www.Columbus.ca
+http://www.Farmer.com
+http://www.Carbondale.co.uk
+http://www.Sandpoint.co.uk
+http://www.Lynwood.co.uk
+http://www.Easton.com
+http://www.Easthampton.com
+http://www.Berkeley.ca
+http://www.Pawtucket.co.uk
+http://www.Sun.com
+http://www.Valley.ca
+http://www.Riverside.ca
+http://www.Bethany.ca
+http://www.Chelsea.co.kr
+http://www.Cedarburg.ca
+http://www.Portland.co.uk
+http://www.Chattanooga.ca
+http://www.Tok.co.kr
+http://www.Lowell.ca
+http://www.Watertown.co.uk
+http://www.Escondido.ca
+http://www.Sault.ca
+http://www.Ste..ca
+http://www.Marie.co.kr
+http://www.Ansonia.co.kr
+http://www.Chico.co.uk
+http://www.Frederiksted.ca
+http://www.Webster.co.uk
+http://www.Groves.co.kr
+http://www.Chicopee.ca
+http://www.Hammond.com
+http://www.Jenks.co.kr
+http://www.Stanton.co.uk
+http://www.Johnstown.co.uk
+http://www.London.com
+http://www.Charleston.co.uk
+http://www.Mobile.ca
+http://www.Rochester.ca
+http://www.Allis.ca
+http://www.Blacksburg.co.uk
+http://www.Albany.co.uk
+http://www.Covina.co.kr
+http://www.Industry.ca
+http://www.Laurel.co.kr
+http://www.Fernley.co.uk
+http://www.Marquette.co.uk
+http://www.Charleston.ca
+http://www.Athens.co.kr
+http://www.Sioux.co.kr
+http://www.Falls.co.uk
+http://www.Norwalk.co.uk
+http://www.Las.co.uk
+http://www.Vegas.com
+http://www.Baltimore.co.kr
+http://www.Lancaster.ca
+http://www.Woodward.co.kr
+http://www.Mentor.ca
+http://www.Tucson.ca
+http://www.Utica.co.uk
+http://www.Spokane.co.kr
+http://www.Auburn.co.kr
+http://www.Hills.co.kr
+http://www.Livonia.ca
+http://www.Hampton.ca
+http://www.Compton.com
+http://www.Spartanburg.co.uk
+http://www.Brea.co.uk
+http://www.Dixon.co.uk
+http://www.Yakima.ca
+http://www.Lynwood.ca
+http://www.Georgetown.com
+http://www.Pittsburgh.com
+http://www.Caguas.co.uk
+http://www.Visalia.co.kr
+http://www.Culver.co.kr
+http://www.Brookfield.com
+http://www.Phoenix.co.uk
+http://www.Hutchinson.ca
+http://www.Texarkana.co.uk
+http://www.South.co.uk
+http://www.Portland.com
+http://www.Kenner.co.kr
+http://www.Provo.ca
+http://www.Liberal.ca
+http://www.Vineland.com
+http://www.Saipan.com
+http://www.Williston.com
+http://www.Vail.co.kr
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+http://www.Angelo.co.uk
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diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/accountList b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/accountList
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fb7f8ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/accountList
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+Phasellus@turpisnec.com
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+semper@dapibusrutrum.edu
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+mi.lacinia@diam.org
+dignissim.pharetra@non.edu
+libero@mollisvitae.ca
+ultricies.adipiscing.enim@Inmi.ca
+lorem.vehicula.et@Morbi.edu
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+luctus.et@egestaslaciniaSed.ca
+mi.lacinia.mattis@est.edu
+Phasellus@nuncrisusvarius.com
+Vivamus.non.lorem@egetlacusMauris.com
+ut.eros.non@portaelita.edu
+Cras.eu.tellus@vel.edu
+posuere@purusMaecenas.ca
+orci@sitametdapibus.org
+dis.parturient.montes@duinectempus.ca
+neque@Suspendisse.ca
+Suspendisse.commodo@nuncsed.org
+Mauris.blandit@quam.ca
+neque.tellus@ultricies.edu
+purus@a.org
+tristique.neque.venenatis@velit.com
+tempor@eu.com
+nulla.vulputate.dui@urna.edu
+pede.et.risus@dolor.org
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+consequat.dolor@sollicitudinadipiscingligula.edu
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+Phasellus.nulla@aliquamarcu.edu
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+purus@vitaediam.ca
+urna.Nunc@ornare.com
+risus@Phasellusdapibus.com
+consectetuer.adipiscing.elit@eleifendnec.org
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+Suspendisse.eleifend@felisullamcorper.com
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+orci.Ut.sagittis@atlacusQuisque.ca
+a@a.edu
+interdum.Sed@lectus.org
+a.enim.Suspendisse@auctor.ca
+gravida@faucibus.com
+mollis.Integer@Phasellusinfelis.ca
+nunc.ac.mattis@lectuspede.ca
+dictum.eu@Nullam.ca
+Nunc@Aliquamerat.org
+sem@diamloremauctor.com
+lectus.quis@magnaa.edu
+Donec.est@malesuada.com
+Vivamus@vulputate.edu
+Quisque@Proinnisl.edu
+dui.quis@eratnonummyultricies.ca
+nulla.magna@porttitor.edu
+a.nunc@aliquamiaculis.com
+nec.luctus.felis@sedsapien.ca
+Curabitur.dictum.Phasellus@urna.org
+sed.leo@utdolor.org
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+ligula.Aliquam.erat@acfermentumvel.org
+Integer@scelerisqueneque.com
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+Mauris.eu@ultrices.com
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+eu.tellus@liberonec.edu
+dolor@pedeNuncsed.ca
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+Proin.sed@nequeNullamut.com
+lobortis.ultrices.Vivamus@sedliberoProin.org
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+habitant.morbi.tristique@lacus.edu
+lacus.Cras.interdum@nequeMorbiquis.ca
+Ut.tincidunt@turpisegestasFusce.com
+mauris.erat@sed.ca
+interdum.Nunc.sollicitudin@molestiearcuSed.org
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+penatibus.et@tortordictumeu.com
+a@ullamcorperDuis.com
+orci@adipiscingfringillaporttitor.org
+Suspendisse@vulputatemauris.edu
+Duis@Vivamus.ca
+pede.Nunc.sed@sitametdapibus.ca
+Phasellus.at.augue@vulputatedui.ca
+at.fringilla.purus@facilisiseget.ca
+montes@convallisconvallis.com
+In@nullaIntincidunt.ca
+nec@Vivamus.edu
+hendrerit.a.arcu@a.com
+augue.malesuada.malesuada@viverraMaecenas.com
+Sed.id@vitae.org
+ac.arcu.Nunc@diam.com
+fringilla.ornare@pellentesquea.com
+ut.nulla@euultrices.org
+aliquam.enim@turpisIn.com
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+turpis.Aliquam.adipiscing@Integersemelit.org
+sit@neque.ca
+Integer.mollis.Integer@ultricesiaculis.org
+at.pretium.aliquet@lorem.com
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+Morbi@pharetraQuisque.org
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+Vivamus.nisi@ametconsectetueradipiscing.com
+pede@sociis.com
+parturient.montes@facilisisnonbibendum.ca
+enim@magnis.ca
+Cum.sociis@quam.com
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+faucibus.ut.nulla@Aeneanegetmagna.com
+tincidunt@ipsumDonec.edu
+luctus.et.ultrices@utipsumac.edu
+auctor.velit.eget@fermentumconvallis.org
+neque.Nullam@ut.org
+Donec.non.justo@nisiAenean.com
+mauris.aliquam.eu@ullamcorpervelitin.org
+dolor.nonummy@luctuset.com
+Donec.porttitor.tellus@Donecluctusaliquet.com
+sodales@Donecluctus.edu
+risus@Nunclectus.org
+eget.metus@blandit.edu
+metus.facilisis.lorem@sit.com
+nonummy.ac.feugiat@sitamet.org
+neque.Nullam.nisl@Curabitur.edu
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+libero.mauris.aliquam@estacmattis.com
+cursus.et@Donecest.org
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+id.ante.Nunc@IntegerurnaVivamus.edu
+mollis.Phasellus@adipiscingenim.org
+Quisque.fringilla@vehiculaPellentesque.org
+mauris@nonummyac.org
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+enim@vitae.ca
+neque.Nullam.nisl@ligulaNullam.org
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+gravida.Praesent.eu@felisorciadipiscing.ca
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+Proin.sed@pede.ca
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+ac@viverraMaecenas.com
+Nunc.ac@Namporttitor.edu
+Integer.tincidunt.aliquam@auctornon.edu
+Vivamus.euismod@Donecnibh.org
+dictum@egestasrhoncusProin.edu
+purus@aliquamadipiscing.org
+sapien.gravida@massa.com
+quis.accumsan@dui.ca
+mollis.lectus@Loremipsumdolor.edu
+lobortis@convallisest.org
+penatibus@elitdictum.ca
+ullamcorper.viverra@Maecenasmi.com
+suscipit@porttitorscelerisque.org
+scelerisque.mollis.Phasellus@Pellentesque.edu
+Proin.vel.nisl@sedsemegestas.org
+Proin@velit.com
+sed.hendrerit@justo.edu
+id.blandit.at@massaQuisque.com
+placerat.velit.Quisque@taciti.ca
+convallis.dolor.Quisque@nuncnullavulputate.edu
+montes.nascetur.ridiculus@atpede.org
+Suspendisse@aliquetsem.org
+Vestibulum.ante.ipsum@Sedcongue.org
+magna.nec.quam@dictum.ca
+ante.Vivamus@viverraDonec.com
+montes@maurisInteger.edu
+lorem.Donec@dolorDonecfringilla.org
+ad@quisurna.com
+nulla@erat.edu
+interdum.ligula.eu@pharetrautpharetra.ca
+et.rutrum.non@utmolestiein.edu
+ligula.consectetuer@Etiamligula.com
diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/filter.java b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/filter.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6fbd604d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/filter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class filter 
+{
+  public static void main(String[] args)
+  {
+    
+    ArrayList wordpool = new ArrayList<String>();
+    String line;
+    int cnt=0;
+
+    try {
+      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(args[0]));
+      BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(args[1]));
+
+      while((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+
+
+      StringTokenizer stk = new StringTokenizer(line);
+
+      while(stk.hasMoreTokens())
+      {
+        String word = stk.nextToken();
+        
+        // if word is not in wordpool
+        if(!wordpool.contains(word))
+        {
+          wordpool.add(word);
+          bw.write(word);
+          cnt++;
+          bw.newLine();
+        }
+      }
+      }
+      br.close();
+      bw.close();
+    }catch(IOException e) {
+      System.out.println(e);
+    }
+    System.out.println("Number of new Words = " + cnt);
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c741ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include<stdio.h>
+#include<stdlib.h>
+#include<string.h>
+#include<time.h>
+
+#define WORD_FILE "wordList"
+#define URL_FILE  "URLList"
+#define ACCOUNT_FILE "accountList"
+#define FILE_NAME "email"
+#define NUM_EMAIL 1000
+
+char** readList(char* fileName,int* num);
+void generateEmails(int,char**,int,char**,int,char**,int,char*);
+void freeList(char**,int);
+void writeString(FILE* newFile,char* prefix,char** list,int size_list,int* counter);
+void shuffle(char** list,int size_int);
+
+int main()
+{
+  int num_email = NUM_EMAIL;                  // how many emails do you need?
+  char** wordList;
+  char** urlList;
+  char** accountList;
+  int word_num;
+  int url_num;
+  int account_num;
+  
+  wordList = readList(WORD_FILE,&word_num);
+  urlList  = readList(URL_FILE,&url_num);
+  accountList = readList(ACCOUNT_FILE,&account_num);
+
+  generateEmails(NUM_EMAIL,wordList,word_num,urlList,url_num,accountList,account_num,FILE_NAME);
+ 
+  freeList(wordList,word_num);
+  freeList(urlList,url_num);
+  freeList(accountList,account_num);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void freeList(char** list,int num)
+{
+  int i;
+
+  for(i=0;i<num;i++)
+  {
+    free(list[i]);
+  }
+
+  free(list);
+}
+
+
+char** readList(char* fileName,int* num)
+{
+  char ** list;
+  int cnt = 0 ;
+  char buffer[100];
+  int size;
+  
+  FILE* fp = fopen(fileName,"r");
+
+  while((fscanf(fp," %s",buffer)) != EOF) cnt++;  // to count the number of elements
+
+  list = (char**)malloc(sizeof(char*) * cnt);
+
+  rewind(fp);
+
+  *num = 0;
+
+  while((fscanf(fp," %s",buffer)) != EOF) // read actual list
+  {
+    size = strlen(buffer); // to get length of the word,url, or account
+    list[*num] = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * size + 1);
+    strcpy(list[*num],buffer);
+    (*num)++;
+  }
+
+  fclose(fp);
+  return list;  
+}
+
+void generateEmails(int num_email,char** wl,int word_num,char** ul,int url_num,char** al,int ac_num,char* fileName)
+{
+   int i;
+   int j;
+   FILE* newFile;
+   char fileNameBuffer[100];
+   char* ptr;
+   int rand_index;
+
+   int bodyLength;
+   int coin;
+   int accountCounter = 0;
+   int wordCounter = 0;
+   int urlCounter = 0;
+   srand(1);
+
+   for(i=0; i < num_email;i++) {
+     sprintf(fileNameBuffer,"%s%d",fileName,i+1);
+     newFile = fopen(fileNameBuffer,"w");
+
+     // write spam or no spam 
+     // 60% of email is spam and rest is ham
+     char yes[] = "yes";
+     char no[] =  "no";
+     int tmprandindex = rand() % 100;
+     if(tmprandindex<60)
+       fprintf(newFile,"Spam: %s\n",yes);
+     else 
+       fprintf(newFile,"Spam: %s\n",no);
+
+     // write header
+     fprintf(newFile,"Header: %d\n",i+1);
+     
+     // write to account name
+     writeString(newFile,"To: ",al,ac_num,&accountCounter);
+     fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+
+     // write from account name
+     writeString(newFile,"From: ",al,ac_num,&accountCounter);
+     fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+
+     // write cc
+     writeString(newFile,"Cc: ",al,ac_num,&accountCounter);
+     fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+
+     // attachments
+     writeString(newFile,"Attch: ",wl,word_num,&wordCounter);
+     fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+
+     // write title
+     writeString(newFile,"Subject: ",wl,word_num,&wordCounter);
+     fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+
+     // write Body
+     //TODO change this to make length of email small
+     bodyLength = rand() % 200 + 150;
+
+     for(j=1;j<bodyLength;j++)
+     {
+       coin = rand() % 500;
+
+       if(coin < 5) {           // if coin < 50, then write a URL
+         if(coin <2)
+           writeString(newFile,"",al,ac_num,&accountCounter); // email
+         else
+           writeString(newFile," ",ul,url_num,&urlCounter); // url
+       }
+       else {  // if not, write a word
+         writeString(newFile," ",wl,word_num,&wordCounter);
+       }
+       if((j % 10) == 0) 
+        fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+     }
+
+     fprintf(newFile,"\n");
+     fclose(newFile);
+   }
+}
+
+void writeString(FILE* newFile,char* prefix,char** list,int size_list,int* counter)
+{
+  char* str = list[*counter];
+
+  fprintf(newFile,"%s%s",prefix,str);
+
+  (*counter)++;
+
+  if(*counter == size_list) {
+    *counter = 0;
+    shuffle(list,size_list);
+  }
+}
+
+void shuffle(char** list,int size)
+{
+  int i;
+  srand(time(NULL));
+  int r1;
+  int r2;
+  char* tmp;
+
+  for(i =0;i < size;i++)
+  {
+    r2 = rand() % size;
+
+    tmp = list[i];
+    list[i] = list[r2];
+    list[r2] = tmp;
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/wordList b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/wordList
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4525662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Recovery/SpamFilter/emails/wordList
@@ -0,0 +1,8488 @@
+rbi
+accumsan
+laoreet
+ipsum.
+Curabitur
+consequat,
+lectus
+sit
+amet
+luctus
+vulputate,
+nisi
+sem
+semper
+erat,
+in
+consectetuer
+ipsum
+nunc
+id
+enim.
+massa.
+Vestibulum
+neque
+et
+nunc.
+Quisque
+ornare
+tortor
+at
+risus.
+Nunc
+ac
+ut
+dolor
+dapibus
+gravida.
+Aliquam
+tincidunt,
+mattis
+ornare,
+ante
+dictum
+mi,
+velit
+justo
+nec
+ante.
+Maecenas
+mi
+felis,
+adipiscing
+fringilla,
+porttitor
+posuere
+lacus.
+Cras
+interdum.
+sollicitudin
+commodo
+Suspendisse
+non
+leo.
+Vivamus
+nibh
+dolor,
+nonummy
+ac,
+feugiat
+non,
+lobortis
+quis,
+pede.
+dui.
+Fusce
+diam
+nunc,
+ullamcorper
+eu,
+euismod
+fermentum
+vel,
+mauris.
+Integer
+elit,
+pharetra
+ut,
+sed,
+hendrerit
+a,
+arcu.
+Sed
+libero.
+Proin
+mi.
+gravida
+mauris
+Duis
+risus
+odio,
+auctor
+vitae,
+aliquet
+arissa
+Joyner
+Desiree
+Rutledge
+Shelly
+Gillespie
+Cora
+Holden
+Quinn
+Hahn
+Audra
+Aguilar
+Phyllis
+Skinner
+Donna
+Yang
+Octavia
+Koch
+Tallulah
+Snow
+Halla
+Vaughn
+Blythe
+Mcgee
+Maite
+Bowman
+Nadine
+Morin
+Laurel
+Mckinney
+Lois
+Palmer
+Ayanna
+Schneider
+Kessie
+Ward
+Cecilia
+Pearson
+Ifeoma
+Hubbard
+Velma
+Sharp
+Gail
+Clay
+Scarlet
+Anderson
+Nelle
+Petersen
+Sopoline
+Avila
+Megan
+Willis
+Mari
+Duke
+Aretha
+Forbes
+Tanisha
+Mendoza
+Tara
+Jones
+Ginger
+Woodward
+Galena
+Veronica
+Jacobs
+Lacota
+Franco
+Ina
+Michael
+Quintessa
+Fuller
+Jordan
+Bender
+Keely
+Finley
+Athena
+Cochran
+Adria
+Washington
+Courtney
+Mueller
+Vanna
+Sears
+Tatum
+Wooten
+Brynne
+Salas
+Maile
+Baker
+Fay
+Velasquez
+Alea
+Mcdowell
+Piper
+Weaver
+Ann
+Fields
+Elaine
+Howe
+Tatyana
+Andrews
+Ramona
+Guerra
+Elliott
+Meredith
+Carson
+Jessica
+Nguyen
+Bertha
+Murphy
+Atkins
+Karyn
+Davis
+Aiko
+Melendez
+Alma
+Mercer
+Gallagher
+Lara
+Newton
+Teegan
+Fleming
+Marah
+Wilkins
+Linda
+Stevens
+Jael
+Justice
+Sylvia
+Combs
+Shellie
+Whitney
+Jolene
+Brielle
+Townsend
+Chastity
+Cummings
+Leigh
+Kennedy
+Delilah
+Bartlett
+Olympia
+Dotson
+Michelle
+Reed
+Sonia
+Fox
+Henson
+Xyla
+Workman
+Noelle
+Mccormick
+Xandra
+Ferguson
+Hardin
+Rama
+Gonzales
+Meyers
+Gillian
+Ball
+Callie
+Holland
+Vielka
+Frederick
+Melanie
+Kent
+Rosalyn
+Sullivan
+Lana
+Leblanc
+Calista
+Cooke
+Fallon
+Abbott
+Kerry
+Gray
+Isadora
+Jenkins
+Hedda
+Bullock
+Anjolie
+French
+Inez
+Lane
+Nita
+Chang
+Everett
+Rhiannon
+Genevieve
+Marcia
+Dominguez
+Debra
+Paula
+Barnett
+Carla
+Faulkner
+Leslie
+Fernandez
+Karina
+Sims
+Wong
+Owen
+Jolie
+Malone
+Ruby
+Lancaster
+Cox
+Allegra
+Mathis
+Hyacinth
+Tillman
+Shay
+Castro
+Autumn
+Casey
+Aurelia
+Ingrid
+Xantha
+Campos
+Hedwig
+Buckner
+Jade
+Vargas
+Thompson
+Ochoa
+Sybil
+Williamson
+Idona
+Lacey
+Hendricks
+Sweet
+Yolanda
+Reyes
+Rhona
+Schultz
+Urielle
+Yoshi
+Zimmerman
+Lillian
+Hamilton
+Germaine
+Livingston
+Kiona
+Melyssa
+Wallace
+Lydia
+Battle
+Serena
+Goodman
+Orli
+Perez
+Gwendolyn
+Bright
+Spencer
+Fatima
+Valencia
+Erin
+Norris
+Robin
+Doyle
+Jeanette
+Mcgowan
+Gordon
+Justina
+Beck
+Hedy
+Barron
+Jayme
+Nichols
+Lucy
+Hadley
+Delgado
+Sydney
+Vance
+Peterson
+Emma
+Alvarez
+Jena
+Mckay
+Briar
+Key
+Judith
+Hays
+Ivana
+Powers
+Audrey
+Curtis
+Zenaida
+Lambert
+Rylee
+Berg
+Sophia
+Brittany
+Daugherty
+Gretchen
+Maldonado
+Tucker
+Kiara
+Daniels
+Candace
+Harvey
+Cameron
+Hogan
+Britanney
+Hendrix
+Jennifer
+Manning
+Anika
+Jacobson
+Cynthia
+Barrett
+Nell
+Cooley
+Leandra
+King
+Emi
+Hobbs
+Remedios
+Harmon
+Melinda
+Bryan
+Whilemina
+Alana
+Huff
+Quon
+Chandler
+Shelby
+MacKenzie
+Wiley
+Gemma
+Barber
+Kylee
+Fry
+Madaline
+Angelica
+Madonna
+Pruitt
+Cleo
+Irwin
+Ayala
+Delaney
+Cally
+Roy
+Raven
+Case
+Echo
+Lester
+Browning
+Janna
+Nulla
+aliquet.
+est
+arcu
+orci.
+Ut
+pretium
+neque.rmand
+Preston
+Noah
+Patel
+Tate
+Vazquez
+Theodore
+Silas
+Stokes
+Colin
+Blackburn
+Jin
+Mcintosh
+Driscoll
+Macdonald
+Gary
+Watts
+Abraham
+Gamble
+Thaddeus
+Butler
+Jared
+Barker
+Rogan
+Drew
+Ray
+Armand
+Quinlan
+Bush
+Orson
+Knight
+Russell
+Montoya
+Harlan
+Pitts
+Alvin
+Fischer
+Lance
+England
+Flynn
+Callahan
+Steel
+Nicholson
+Micah
+Duncan
+Len
+Owens
+Judah
+Singleton
+George
+Fisher
+Seth
+Cobb
+Griffin
+Mohammad
+Conan
+Burris
+Yardley
+Farley
+Rivas
+Nissim
+Hensley
+Hayden
+Marsden
+Berk
+Dorsey
+Keane
+Erasmus
+Keaton
+Marquez
+William
+Whitley
+Sebastian
+Sargent
+Burton
+Emerson
+Guy
+Shelton
+Jelani
+Moss
+Wayne
+Uriah
+Guthrie
+Axel
+Jennings
+Buckminster
+Ruiz
+Tanner
+Clark
+Lucius
+Freeman
+Raphael
+Cooper
+Elvis
+Ryan
+Myles
+Porter
+Lyons
+Blake
+Robert
+Lee
+Patrick
+Gibson
+Carter
+Rudyard
+Barry
+Underwood
+Kenneth
+Delacruz
+Nero
+Rigel
+Akeem
+Hutchinson
+Connor
+Schmidt
+Matthew
+Jefferson
+Aguirre
+Dennis
+Nash
+Donovan
+Bauer
+Clarke
+Wylie
+Vaughan
+Pierce
+Francis
+Burch
+Hayes
+Cook
+Levine
+Salinas
+Phelan
+Schroeder
+Mcclain
+Oscar
+Foreman
+Amery
+Wolf
+Brendan
+Phelps
+Herrod
+Booker
+Octavius
+Pope
+Orlando
+Bailey
+Webster
+Harrison
+Yuli
+Guzman
+Igor
+Ivan
+Kadeem
+Pennington
+Hiram
+Nelson
+Jesse
+Ishmael
+Raymond
+Deleon
+Bert
+Slater
+Clinton
+Decker
+Keith
+Nixon
+Eaton
+Graham
+Becker
+Emmanuel
+Coleman
+Acton
+Rios
+Victor
+York
+Burke
+Higgins
+Ezra
+Moon
+Ezekiel
+Thornton
+Ferdinand
+Russo
+Kasimir
+Stout
+Alan
+Merritt
+Sexton
+Derek
+Romero
+Merrill
+Durham
+Mayer
+Geoffrey
+Todd
+Peter
+Hebert
+Mason
+Parker
+Grady
+Savage
+Randolph
+Hilel
+James
+Macaulay
+Sampson
+Declan
+Crosby
+Dante
+Brian
+Love
+Callum
+Santos
+Amal
+Austin
+Curry
+Jerry
+Morris
+Rahim
+Macias
+Daniel
+Damon
+Phillips
+Allistair
+Hammond
+Ian
+Sean
+Dustin
+Young
+Hamish
+Mcintyre
+Mann
+Lindsey
+Gage
+Collier
+Noble
+Benedict
+Conrad
+Otto
+Kaufman
+Solomon
+Adkins
+Clayton
+Travis
+Garrett
+Orr
+Reuben
+Paul
+Fitzgerald
+Carver
+Nehru
+Rodriguez
+Bolton
+Evan
+Taylor
+Gilliam
+Carlos
+Kane
+Kevin
+Evans
+Tyler
+Cullen
+Rodgers
+Hughes
+Bradley
+Anthony
+Wheeler
+Herrera
+Blaze
+Chase
+Spence
+Kirk
+Lowe
+Cross
+David
+Sherman
+Kamal
+Horne
+Carey
+Alston
+Thomas
+Morales
+Cantrell
+Hall
+Strickland
+Knox
+Buck
+Christopher
+Nasim
+Allen
+Camden
+Santana
+Melvin
+Burks
+Troy
+Hood
+Emery
+Coffey
+Denton
+Sutton
+Levi
+Mcpherson
+Alden
+Leroy
+Velez
+Zachery
+Bernard
+ligula.
+Nullam
+placerat
+velit.
+varius.
+Nam
+eu
+metus.
+In
+lorem.
+Donec
+elementum,
+lorem
+aliquam
+amet,
+tempus
+lacinia
+sagittis
+purus.
+libero
+est,
+congue
+vulputate
+mattis.
+eget
+augue
+malesuada
+malesuada.
+nulla
+ante,
+iaculis
+nec,
+eleifend
+cursus
+vestibulum.
+Mauris
+magna.
+dignissim
+tempor
+hymenaeos.
+convallis
+in,
+varius
+orci,
+consequat
+enim
+vel
+sed
+turpis
+fringilla
+Etiam
+molestie
+ridiculus
+mus.
+nisl.
+sem,
+iaculis,
+lacus
+vitae
+egestas,
+urna
+faucibus
+penatibus
+magnis
+dis
+parturient
+montes,
+nascetur
+Aenean
+enim,
+condimentum
+eget,
+magna
+placerat,
+augue.
+purus,
+interdum
+nulla.
+tincidunt
+turpis.
+a
+tellus
+tellus.
+egestas
+neque.
+pede
+augue,
+erat
+egestas.
+pharetra,
+felis
+dolor.
+lorem,
+mollis
+pellentesque
+facilisis
+odio
+tristique
+pharetra.
+fringilla.
+ligula
+imperdiet
+orci
+odio.
+scelerisque
+metus
+fames
+elit.
+auctor,
+nibh.
+ullamcorper,
+nisl
+blandit
+congue.
+sodales
+at,
+primis
+cursus,
+cursus.
+mollis.
+eros
+quis
+ultrices,
+quam,
+elementum
+placerat.
+ultricies
+ornare.
+elit
+justo.
+nisi.
+et,
+Praesent
+vestibulum
+lacinia.
+congue,
+rutrum.
+sem.
+viverra.
+tempus,
+volutpat
+dui
+suscipit
+nonummy.
+dui,
+nostra,
+per
+inceptos
+luctus.
+rutrum,
+rutrum
+id,
+diam.
+vehicula
+adipiscing,
+urna.
+mauris,
+bibendum
+netus
+rhoncus.
+eros.
+ultrices.
+ultrices
+bibendum.
+condimentum.
+quam.
+sapien,
+quam
+sapien
+Cum
+sociis
+purus
+leo,
+sapien.
+pulvinar
+natoque
+dignissim.
+cubilia
+Phasellus
+est.
+conubia
+lectus.
+suscipit,
+aliquet,
+luctus,
+Morbi
+risus,
+vestibulum,
+eleifend,
+adipiscing.
+Rashad
+Reese
+Ross
+Ignatius
+Lev
+Nigel
+Perry
+Zeph
+Tad
+Aaron
+Adam
+Stone
+Joel
+Elmo
+Colton
+Richard
+Kato
+Alexander
+Quamar
+Zephania
+Hyatt
+Zachary
+Mufutau
+Cairo
+Lars
+Aladdin
+Kaseem
+Gannon
+Brennan
+Timon
+Vladimir
+John
+Caesar
+Lewis
+Sylvester
+Malcolm
+Keefe
+Samuel
+Quentin
+Rooney
+Tanek
+Laith
+Nathan
+Ulysses
+Wyatt
+Craig
+Nathaniel
+Brock
+Ralph
+Darius
+August
+Brandon
+Grant
+Zeus
+Arsenio
+Ferris
+Lionel
+Erich
+Jeremy
+Channing
+Joshua
+Julian
+Zahir
+Dolan
+Tyrone
+Fritz
+Samson
+Uriel
+Macon
+Xander
+Dexter
+Drake
+Fulton
+Jasper
+Dylan
+Trevor
+Aristotle
+Stewart
+Zane
+Cade
+Jerome
+Warren
+Bruce
+Raja
+Avram
+Steven
+Leo
+Brett
+Chaney
+Harper
+Ahmed
+Joseph
+Dorian
+Asher
+Xenos
+Wing
+Phillip
+Jonah
+Deirdre
+Kaye
+Selma
+Giselle
+Dara
+Yvonne
+Aphrodite
+Rhoda
+Vivien
+Hadassah
+Florence
+Macey
+Alisa
+Kirby
+Tamekah
+Kylynn
+Orla
+Miriam
+Stacy
+Desirae
+Josephine
+Brenna
+Camilla
+Nicole
+Grace
+Mary
+Nyssa
+Cheryl
+Amena
+Irene
+Shaeleigh
+Bree
+Lavinia
+Martena
+Anastasia
+Adrienne
+Wynne
+Hayley
+Maggie
+Skyler
+Kellie
+Kirsten
+Inga
+Christen
+Julie
+McKenzie
+Melodie
+Regan
+Tashya
+Susan
+Chantale
+Cailin
+Evelyn
+Shafira
+Shea
+Olivia
+Joan
+Nora
+Willa
+Dawn
+Cameran
+Zelenia
+Ashely
+Cheyenne
+Rae
+Barbara
+Chava
+Kylie
+Freya
+Abigail
+Sarah
+Winter
+Portia
+Bryar
+Odette
+Yetta
+Quyn
+Jamalia
+Camille
+Ignacia
+Idola
+Ora
+Rhonda
+Amethyst
+Ocean
+Sigourney
+Kameko
+Faith
+Gloria
+Shelley
+Morgan
+Jana
+Nayda
+Heather
+Eleanor
+Renee
+Alexandra
+Veda
+Guinevere
+Lynn
+Fredericka
+Geraldine
+Samantha
+Wilma
+Angela
+Kelly
+Cassady
+Maryam
+Deanna
+Tatiana
+Lael
+Germane
+Mollie
+acqueline
+Kristen
+Madeline
+Brenda
+Bethany
+Ursa
+Jescie
+Vivian
+Yeo
+Charity
+Bianca
+Rowan
+Dana
+Shana
+Katelyn
+Leilani
+Alice
+Atkinson
+Wood
+Black
+Nielsen
+Welch
+Hoover
+Albert
+Flowers
+Wright
+Burnett
+Vasquez
+Humphrey
+Hartman
+Morse
+White
+Erickson
+Osborn
+Randall
+Stein
+Norman
+Obrien
+Dean
+Robbins
+Parrish
+Sandoval
+Floyd
+Britt
+Hester
+Pickett
+Shepard
+Wilkerson
+Berger
+Marshall
+Ortega
+Oneil
+Sykes
+Church
+Valenzuela
+Mcconnell
+Maynard
+Holloway
+Dixon
+Chan
+Glover
+Mcbride
+Mosley
+Boyer
+Good
+Hyde
+Fletcher
+Gallegos
+Leonard
+Solis
+Alvarado
+Goff
+Blackwell
+Ballard
+Odonnell
+Watson
+Montgomery
+Brady
+Wilder
+Rasmussen
+Burns
+Richards
+Dejesus
+Houston
+Stuart
+Reynolds
+Terry
+Hampton
+Heath
+Cantu
+Bowers
+Boyle
+Wilson
+Mcmillan
+Middleton
+Powell
+Bass
+Gregory
+Petty
+Juarez
+Matthews
+Keller
+Moran
+Calderon
+Joyce
+Hart
+Mcdonald
+Rivers
+Brewer
+Allison
+Howard
+Pena
+Stanley
+Chapman
+Bond
+Fitzpatrick
+Vinson
+Finch
+Sheppard
+Castaneda
+Mcneil
+Holder
+Riggs
+Strong
+Smith
+Figueroa
+Vega
+Lopez
+Burkina
+Faso
+New
+Zealand
+Nepal
+Kiribati
+Virgin
+Islands,
+U.S.
+Mongolia
+Haiti
+Wallis
+and
+Futuna
+Sri
+Lanka
+Algeria
+Palau
+Bhutan
+Macedonia
+Burundi
+Heard
+Island
+Islands
+Afghanistan
+Fiji
+Southern
+Territories
+Netherlands
+Antilles
+Gibraltar
+Mauritius
+Moldova
+Nigeria
+Somalia
+Iran,
+Islamic
+Republic
+of
+Malawi
+Australia
+Kenya
+Kuwait
+Morocco
+Nauru
+Belize
+Montserrat
+Israel
+Mexico
+Luxembourg
+Japan
+Dominica
+Samoa
+Ukraine
+Monaco
+Djibouti
+Honduras
+Turks
+Caicos
+Slovakia
+Viet
+Holy
+See
+(Vatican
+City
+State)
+Pakistan
+Suriname
+Bangladesh
+Italy
+Papua
+Guinea
+Denmark
+Lesotho
+Ethiopia
+Turkmenistan
+Svalbard
+Jan
+Mayen
+Iraq
+Guatemala
+Mayotte
+Turkey
+Sweden
+Switzerland
+Sudan
+Jamaica
+Barbados
+Guadeloupe
+Timor-leste
+Liechtenstein
+Central
+African
+Congo
+Belgium
+Gabon
+Niger
+Sao
+Tome
+Principe
+British
+Indian
+Territory
+Korea
+Aruba
+Trinidad
+Tobago
+Togo
+India
+Yemen
+Kazakhstan
+Polynesia
+Cameroon
+Saint
+Kitts
+Nevis
+Kyrgyzstan
+Botswana
+Andorra
+South
+Georgia
+The
+Sandwich
+Antarctica
+Serbia
+Montenegro
+Bermuda
+Tokelau
+Niue
+United
+States
+Minor
+Outlying
+Bosnia
+Herzegovina
+Swaziland
+Zimbabwe
+Egypt
+Micronesia
+Palestinian
+Territory,
+Occupied
+Vincent
+Grenadines
+Romania
+Lithuania
+Venezuela
+Namibia
+Caledonia
+Paraguay
+Norway
+Latvia
+Arab
+Emirates
+Senegal
+Myanmar
+Greenland
+El
+Salvador
+Korea,
+Guiana
+Singapore
+Mauritania
+Africa
+Brazil
+Bahamas
+Helena
+Syrian
+Qatar
+Antigua
+Barbuda
+Norfolk
+Lucia
+Ireland
+Oman
+Colombia
+Uganda
+Macao
+Malta
+Greece
+Maldives
+rnare
+faucibus.
+vehicula.
+Pellentesque
+lobortis.
+Class
+aptent
+taciti
+sociosqu
+ad
+litora
+torquent
+ullamcorper.
+pede,
+venenatis
+convallis,
+aliquam,
+tortor,
+Lorem
+laoreet,
+lobortis,
+hendrerit.
+consectetuer,
+habitant
+morbi
+senectus
+sagittis.
+erat.
+tortor.
+massa
+blandit.
+magna,
+semper.
+imperdiet,
+facilisis,
+volutpat.
+Curae;
+feugiat.
+sodales.
+tellus,
+lacus,
+scelerisque,
+pellentesque,
+rhoncus
+leo
+facilisis.
+dictum.
+felis.
+urna,
+molestie.
+porta
+facilisi.
+lectus,
+eleifend.
+pellentesque.
+tincidunt.
+posuere,
+tempor,
+semper,
+auctor.
+INTRODUCTION
+There
+is
+abundant
+evidence
+widened
+deepened
+interest
+modern
+science.
+How
+could
+it
+be
+otherwise
+when
+we
+think
+the
+magnitude
+eventfulness
+recent
+advances?
+But
+general
+public
+would
+even
+greater
+than
+if
+makers
+new
+knowledge
+were
+more
+willing
+to
+expound
+their
+discoveries
+ways
+that
+"understanded
+people."
+No
+one
+objects
+very
+much
+technicalities
+game
+or
+on
+board
+yacht,
+they
+are
+clearly
+necessary
+for
+terse
+precise
+scientific
+description.
+It
+certain,
+however,
+can
+reduced
+minimum
+without
+sacrificing
+accuracy,
+object
+view
+explain
+"the
+gist
+matter."
+So
+this
+OUTLINE
+OF
+SCIENCE
+meant
+reader,
+who
+lacks
+both
+time
+opportunity
+special
+study,
+yet
+take
+an
+intelligent
+progress
+science
+which
+making
+world
+always
+new.
+story
+triumphs
+Man
+may
+well
+proud.
+Science
+reads
+secret
+distant
+star
+anatomises
+atom;
+foretells
+date
+comet's
+return
+predicts
+kinds
+chickens
+will
+hatch
+from
+dozen
+eggs;
+discovers
+laws
+wind
+bloweth
+where
+listeth
+reduces
+order
+disorder
+disease.
+setting
+forth
+Columbus
+voyages,
+discovering
+worlds
+conquering
+them
+by
+understanding.
+For
+Knowledge
+means
+Foresight
+Power.
+idea
+Evolution
+has
+influenced
+all
+sciences,
+forcing
+us
+_everything_
+as
+with
+history
+behind
+it,
+have
+travelled
+far
+since
+Darwin's
+day.
+solar
+system,
+earth,
+mountain
+ranges,
+great
+deeps,
+rocks
+crystals,
+plants
+animals,
+man
+himself
+his
+social
+institutions--all
+must
+seen
+outcome
+long
+process
+Becoming.
+some
+eighty-odd
+chemical
+elements
+earth
+to-day,
+now
+suggestion
+these
+inorganic
+evolution,
+element
+giving
+rise
+element,
+going
+back
+primeval
+stuff,
+originally
+derived,
+infinitely
+ago.
+been
+so
+powerful
+tool
+fashioning
+simple
+but
+profound
+Evolution,
+present
+child
+past
+parent
+future.
+And
+picture
+continuity
+evolution
+nebula
+systems
+comes
+promise
+increasing
+control--a
+become
+not
+only
+accurate
+student,
+complete
+master
+world.
+characteristic
+whole
+vital
+before.
+Everywhere
+there
+passage
+static
+dynamic.
+Thus
+revelations
+constitution
+matter,
+owe
+men
+like
+Professor
+Sir
+J.
+Thomson,
+Ernest
+Rutherford,
+Soddy,
+shown
+dust
+complexity
+activity
+heretofore
+unimagined.
+Such
+phrases
+"dead"
+matter
+"inert"
+gone
+board.
+theory
+atom
+amounts
+almost
+conception
+universe.
+bids
+fair
+reveal
+many
+nature's
+hidden
+secrets.
+no
+longer
+indivisible
+particle
+was
+once
+understood
+be.
+We
+know
+within
+atom--that
+what
+thought
+elementary
+dissociated
+broken
+up.
+present-day
+theories
+comparatively
+discovery
+such
+things
+radium,
+X-rays,
+wonderful
+instruments
+spectroscope
+other
+highly
+perfected
+instruments.
+advent
+electron
+thrown
+flood
+light
+before
+dimly
+guessed
+at.
+given
+framework
+beginning
+realise
+made
+electric
+phenomena
+mean.
+glimpse
+vast
+stores
+energy
+locked
+up
+matter.
+tell
+about
+origin
+phenomena,
+our
+own
+planet,
+planets,
+stars,
+sun.
+source
+sun's
+heat;
+make
+guesses
+its
+probable
+age.
+question
+to-day
+is:
+_one_
+primordial
+substance
+varying
+forms
+evolved?
+electrons
+revolutionary
+changes
+give
+entrancing
+interest.
+As
+chemistry
+physics,
+living
+creatures
+advances
+changed
+prospect.
+A
+good
+instance
+afforded
+"hormones,"
+messengers,
+produced
+ductless
+glands,
+thyroid,
+supra-renal,
+pituitary,
+distributed
+throughout
+body
+blood.
+work
+physiologists
+Starling
+Bayliss
+messengers
+regulate
+called
+"pace"
+body,
+bring
+regulated
+harmony
+smoothness
+working
+health.
+too
+say
+hormones
+physiology.
+Our
+human
+surpasses
+generation.
+persistent
+patience
+microscopists
+technical
+improvements
+"ultramicroscope"
+greatly
+increased
+invisible
+life.
+To
+bacteria
+generation
+added
+multitude
+microscopic
+_animal_
+microbes,
+causes
+Sleeping
+Sickness.
+life-histories
+weird
+important
+parasites
+unravelled;
+here
+again
+mastery.
+degree
+surpassed
+expectations
+revelation
+intricacy
+stones
+mortar
+house
+life,
+study
+germ-cells
+wonderfully
+supplemented
+epoch-making
+experimental
+heredity
+began
+Mendel.
+goes
+saying
+call
+educated
+does
+understand
+central
+ideas
+Mendelism
+departures
+biology.
+procession
+life
+through
+ages
+factors
+sublime
+movement;
+peopling
+animals
+linking
+subtle
+inter-relations,
+those
+between
+flowers
+insect-visitors;
+individual
+types
+extraordinary
+results
+inquiry
+"experimental
+embryology"--these
+also
+among
+subjects
+deal.
+behaviour
+another
+fascinating
+leading
+provisional
+dawn
+mind.
+Indeed,
+branch
+deals
+habits--the
+truly
+devices,
+adaptations,
+instincts--of
+insects,
+birds,
+mammals.
+deny
+intelligence
+members
+animal
+world--even
+line
+reason
+sometimes
+difficult
+find.
+Fresh
+contacts
+physiology
+man's
+mental
+life;
+studies
+children
+wild
+peoples;
+methods
+psycho-analyst
+receive
+attention
+deserve,
+"New
+Psychology"
+claims
+psychical
+research
+recognised
+open-minded.
+aim
+reader
+clear
+concise
+essentials
+science,
+he
+follow
+advance
+share
+appreciatively
+continued
+conquest
+kingdom.
+ARTHUR
+THOMSON.
+I
+THE
+ROMANCE
+HEAVENS
+SCALE
+UNIVERSE--THE
+SOLAR
+SYSTEM
+naturally
+opens
+Astronomy.
+Universe
+astronomer
+offers
+imperfect;
+lines
+traces
+often
+faint
+uncertain.
+problems
+solved,
+just
+doubt,
+notwithstanding
+increase
+knowledge,
+remain
+entirely
+unsolved.
+problem
+structure
+duration
+universe
+[said
+Simon
+Newcomb]
+most
+far-reaching
+mind
+Its
+solution
+regarded
+ultimate
+stellar
+astronomy,
+possibility
+reaching
+occupied
+minds
+thinkers
+civilisation.
+Before
+considered
+imaginative
+speculative
+point
+view.
+Although
+attack
+limited
+extent
+methods,
+admitted
+scarcely
+taken
+first
+step
+toward
+actual
+solution....
+What
+time?
+Is
+fitted
+last
+ever
+form,
+contain
+itself
+seeds
+dissolution?
+Must
+course
+time,
+how
+millions
+ages,
+transformed
+into
+something
+different
+is?
+This
+intimately
+associated
+whether
+stars
+form
+system.
+If
+do,
+suppose
+system
+permanent
+features;
+not,
+look
+further
+conclusions.
+Heavenly
+Bodies
+heavenly
+bodies
+fall
+two
+distinct
+classes
+relation
+Earth
+concerned;
+class,
+small
+one,
+comprises
+sort
+colony
+member.
+These
+_planets_,
+wanderers.
+eight
+them,
+including
+Earth,
+circle
+round
+Their
+names,
+distance
+sun,
+Mercury,
+Venus,
+Mars,
+Jupiter,
+Saturn,
+Uranus,
+Neptune,
+nearest
+rarely
+naked
+eye.
+Uranus
+practically
+invisible,
+Neptune
+quite
+so.
+together
+constitute,
+said,
+little
+colony;
+Solar
+System.
+second
+class
+lie
+_outside_
+Every
+glittering
+points
+see
+starlit
+night
+immensely
+any
+member
+Yet
+ours,
+judged
+terrestrial
+standards,
+enormous
+distances
+another.
+shell
+shot
+straight
+side
+Neptune's
+orbit
+five
+hundred
+years
+journey.
+distance,
+greatest
+System
+known
+(excepting
+swing
+comets),
+insignificant
+compared
+stars.
+One
+Alpha
+Centauri,
+estimated
+twenty-five
+million
+miles
+away.
+Sirius,
+brightest
+firmament,
+double
+earth.
+imagine
+planets
+belong
+compact
+family
+swimming
+immense
+void.
+At
+shell,
+hundreds,
+traverse,
+reach
+stars--or
+rather,
+star,
+Sun.
+planet
+live,
+mighty
+globe
+bounded
+crust
+rock
+thickness;
+volumes
+water
+oceans
+deeper
+hollows
+crust.
+Above
+surface
+ocean
+gas,
+atmosphere,
+rises
+height
+three
+miles,
+getting
+thinner
+ascends.
+[Illustration:
+LAPLACE
+mathematical
+astronomers
+originator
+nebular
+theory.]
+_Photo:
+Royal
+Astronomical
+Society._
+PROFESSOR
+C.
+ADAMS
+who,
+anticipating
+mathematician,
+Le
+Verrier,
+discovered
+calculations
+based
+irregularities
+Uranus.
+dramatic
+Science.]
+&
+Fry,
+Ltd._
+EDDINGTON
+Astronomy
+Cambridge.
+famous
+English
+disciples
+Einstein.]
+FIG.
+1.--DIAGRAMS
+COMPARATIVE
+DISTANCES
+PLANETS
+(Drawn
+approximately
+scale)
+isolation
+great.
+On
+above
+scale
+_nearest_
+(at
+25
+trillions
+miles)
+over
+_one
+half
+mile_
+hours,
+days,
+measures
+use
+them;
+Jupiter's
+"Day"
+(one
+rotation
+planet)
+ten
+_our
+hours_;
+Mercury's
+"Year"
+revolution
+around
+Sun)
+eighty-eight
+days_.
+same.
+turns
+same
+Sun.]
+SIZES
+SUN
+AND
+Sun
+17-1/2
+inches
+diameter;
+put
+together.
+turn,
+together.]
+Except
+winds
+high
+speed,
+seem
+live
+tranquil
+night,
+glare
+sun
+passes
+out
+move
+across
+heavens
+stately
+solemn
+slowness.
+astronomy
+movement
+apparent.
+apparent
+creeping
+accounted
+fact
+upon
+axis
+every
+twenty-four
+hours.
+When
+remember
+size
+implies
+prodigious
+speed.
+addition
+revolves
+speed
+thousand
+minute.
+path
+year
+out,
+580,000,000
+miles.
+held
+closely
+gravitational
+pull
+mass
+333,432
+times
+moment
+ceased
+exert
+instantly
+fly
+off
+space
+direction
+moving
+say,
+tangent.
+tendency
+tangent
+continuous.
+balance
+keeps
+her
+circular
+orbit.
+way
+seven
+orbits.
+Circling
+circles
+moon.
+Sometimes
+moon
+directly
+cuts
+us.
+then
+total
+partial
+eclipse
+moon,
+ball
+trails
+shadow
+space,
+"eclipsed"
+this.
+moons
+own,
+does.
+larger
+together,
+drawn
+perish
+did
+travel
+rapidly
+gigantic
+spinning
+axes,
+fixed
+paths
+secondary
+bodies,
+important,
+because
+globes
+transported
+magical
+should
+accompanying
+diagram
+(Fig.
+1),
+except
+mere
+specks,
+faintly
+visible
+(This
+scale.)
+moved
+still
+farther
+away,
+fade
+view,
+shrink
+fire,
+star.
+you
+begin
+realize
+nature
+_The
+suns._
+looks
+big
+simply
+comparative
+nearness
+stupendous
+collection
+suns,
+planetary
+families
+ours.
+Scale
+there?
+glance
+photograph
+star-clouds
+impossible
+count
+them.
+fine
+reproduced
+Figure
+2
+represents
+patch
+pale-white
+belt,
+Milky
+Way,
+spans
+sky
+night.
+true
+particularly
+rich
+area
+entire
+belt
+resolved
+masses
+clouds
+Astronomers
+counted
+typical
+districts
+there,
+counts
+get
+number
+separated
+inconceivable
+each
+other,
+mastered,
+far,
+several
+centuries
+relative
+planets.
+discover
+is,
+latest
+measurements,
+average
+92,830,000
+circle,
+varies.
+six
+months
+right
+opposite
+185,000,000
+away
+now.
+Viewed
+photographed
+positions
+wide
+apart,
+show
+tiny
+"shift"
+against
+background
+enough
+mathematician.
+He
+calculate
+near
+"shift."
+found
+recently
+trillion
+Only
+thirty
+measuring
+heavens.
+few
+(parallax,
+calls
+it)
+minute
+figures
+takes
+method.
+learns
+able
+deduce
+less
+accurately
+type
+faintness.
+He,
+course,
+gauging
+light.
+result
+twenty
+field,
+Way
+least
+(100,000,000,000,000,000)
+region
+universe,
+centre.
+remainder
+outside
+System,
+spread
+apparently,
+disc-like
+collection,
+ray
+light,
+travels
+rate
+186,000
+second,
+50,000
+end
+other.
+This,
+Are
+Universes?
+Why
+do
+"our
+universe"?
+_the_
+universe?
+believed
+distinguished
+colossal
+universes.
+By
+close
+control
+other's
+movements
+gravitation;
+might
+universes,
+sense,
+abysses
+space.
+Probably
+are.
+familiar
+certain
+strange
+"spiral
+nebulæ"
+(Fig
+4).
+shall
+later
+stage
+regard
+spiral
+nebulæ
+"in
+making."
+eminent
+believe
+separate
+universes--"island-universes"
+them--or
+collections
+peculiarities
+lead
+nebula,
+"other
+universes."
+Harvard
+College
+Observatory._
+2.--THE
+MILKY
+WAY
+Note
+cloud-like
+effect.]
+3--THE
+MOON
+ENTERING
+SHADOW
+CAST
+BY
+EARTH
+shows
+partially
+eclipsed.]
+_From
+Yerkes
+Observatory_
+4.--THE
+GREAT
+NEBULA
+IN
+ANDROMEDA,
+MESSIER
+31]
+Vast
+then,
+excessively
+comparison
+Stellar
+Stars,
+transcending
+anything
+apprehend.
+let
+turn
+consider
+colony.
+Within
+large
+size,
+mass,
+planets?
+satellites,
+Moon,
+possess?
+temperatures?
+sporadic
+comets
+meteors,
+they?
+movements?
+originate?
+itself,
+composition,
+heat,
+running
+down?
+questions
+introduce
+concerned
+physical
+which,
+ago,
+appeared
+inconceivable.
+enables
+answer
+questions,
+find
+arranged
+development--that
+stages
+life-history.
+main
+worked
+out.
+furnaces
+temperatures
+enormously
+high;
+conditions
+substances
+simplest
+forms,
+thus
+enabled
+obtain
+primitive
+(which
+refer
+immediately)
+helped
+much.
+instrument
+composition
+see.
+"That
+detect
+millionth
+milligram
+account
+elements,
+commands
+admiration;
+moreover,
+measure
+velocities
+absurdly
+cent.
+possible
+error,
+easily
+acquiesce
+statement
+devised
+brain
+hand
+man."
+deals.
+requires
+employment
+incredible
+refinement
+exactitude
+full
+resources
+genius.
+Whether
+studied,
+masses,
+distances,
+æons
+monument
+ingenuity,
+patience,
+rarest
+genius,
+certainly
+grandest,
+oldest,
+sciences.
+include
+dependent
+circulate
+various
+deriving
+heat
+sun--the
+moons,
+meteors:
+words,
+whose
+determined
+Thanks
+ingenious
+used
+astronomers,
+remarkable
+Look
+figure
+frontispiece.
+sun;
+dark
+screened
+shining
+disc
+eyes;
+silvery
+halo
+surrounding
+orb
+side.
+"crown"
+(corona),
+stretching
+soft
+silvery-looking
+light;
+probably
+sunlight
+reflected
+particles
+dust,
+although
+corona
+detected
+anywhere
+else
+consequence
+named
+Coronium.
+next
+notice
+illustration
+base
+red
+flames
+peeping
+edges
+disc.
+remembers
+866,000
+diameter,
+hardly
+needs
+told
+really
+gigantic.
+presently.
+Regions
+divided
+definite
+concentric
+regions
+layers.
+layers
+envelop
+nucleus
+somewhat
+atmosphere
+envelops
+vapour
+bright
+white
+seen.
+Of
+innermost
+region,
+heart
+nothing.
+surrounded
+brilliantly
+luminous
+envelope
+layer
+vaporous
+photosphere.
+Above--that
+overlying--the
+photosphere
+glowing
+gases,
+reversing
+layer.
+cooler
+underlying
+photosphere;
+veil
+smoke-like
+haze
+500
+1,000
+thickness.
+third
+immediately
+lying
+chromosphere.
+chromosphere
+extends
+5,000
+10,000
+thickness--a
+"sea"
+tumultuous
+surging
+fire.
+Chief
+gases
+hydrogen.
+intense
+beneath
+shines
+layer,
+overpowering
+brilliant
+redness.
+From
+uppermost
+portion
+fiery
+tongues
+hydrogen
+calcium
+shoot
+thousands
+driven
+outward
+expulsive
+force.
+"prominences"
+notable
+feature
+already
+referred
+to.
+During
+1919
+rose
+hours
+130,000
+500,000
+surface.
+column
+red-hot
+four
+thickness
+soaring
+upward
+60,000
+hour.
+flaming
+jets
+prominences
+shooting
+day
+eye;
+dazzling
+obscures
+They
+observed,
+day,
+short
+during
+Some
+outbursts
+witnessed.
+late
+described
+September
+7,
+1871,
+had
+examining
+prominence
+spectroscope:
+remained
+unchanged
+noon
+previous
+day--a
+long,
+low,
+quiet-looking
+cloud,
+dense,
+brilliant,
+size.
+12:30
+p.m.
+left
+returning
+hour
+observations,
+astonished
+flame
+shattered
+pieces.
+filled
+flying
+debris,
+portions
+reached
+100,000
+Moving
+velocity
+93,000,000
+perceptible
+eye,
+fragments
+doubled
+minutes.
+January
+30,
+1885,
+observer,
+Tacchini
+Rome,
+observed
+man.
+142,000
+miles--eighteen
+diameter
+Another
+supposing
+ranged
+top
+tower
+them.[1]
+[1]
+Romance
+Astronomy_,
+H.
+Macpherson.
+5.--DIAGRAM
+SHOWING
+MAIN
+LAYERS
+Compare
+frontispiece.]
+Observatory,
+Greenwich._
+6.--SOLAR
+PROMINENCES
+SEEN
+AT
+TOTAL
+ECLIPSE,
+May
+29,
+1919.
+TAKEN
+SOBRAL,
+BRAZIL.
+Corona
+visible.]
+7.--THE
+VISIBLE
+SURFACE
+Mount
+Observatory
+Carnegie
+Institution
+Washington.]
+8.--THE
+Photographed
+hydrogen,
+Washington:
+vortex
+spots
+especially
+prominent.]
+fourth
+corona,
+fading
+sky--this
+5)
+dispositions
+transparent
+Surface
+Here
+photosphere--the
+gained
+solid
+body.
+Examination
+outer
+never
+rest.
+Small
+cloudlets
+come
+go
+rapid
+succession,
+surface,
+contrasts
+luminosity,
+granular
+appearance.
+cannot
+small.
+imply
+speak
+picturesquely
+resembles
+boiling
+white-hot
+metal
+vapours.
+instrument,
+later,
+dilutes,
+were,
+observe
+eruptions
+"oceans"
+gas
+constantly
+storms.
+unimaginable
+streams
+muscles
+blows
+shreds,
+were.
+temperature
+appears
+surface--the
+photosphere--is,
+unknown,
+careful
+calculation
+suggests
+5,000°
+7,000°
+interior
+vastly
+hotter.
+exist
+there.
+Not
+obdurate
+resist
+temperatures,
+converted
+instantaneously
+gas.
+pressures
+convert
+thick
+treacly
+fluids.
+infer
+state
+beyond
+power
+reproduce
+it.
+Sun-spots
+areas
+sun-spots
+appear.
+spots--they
+contrast
+them--are
+covering
+square
+positively
+say.
+cavities
+giant
+whirlpools.
+Certainly
+whirling
+vapours
+downward
+currents
+Round
+flame.
+Perhaps
+popularly
+somehow
+connected
+magnetic
+storms
+manifest
+themselves
+interruptions
+telegraphic
+telephonic
+communications,
+violent
+disturbances
+mariner's
+compass,
+exceptional
+auroral
+displays.
+connection
+sets
+doubted,
+spot
+corresponding
+"magnetic
+storm"
+effects
+surprising
+periodic
+variations
+number.
+best-defined
+period
+eleven
+years.
+maximum
+diminish
+minimum,
+variation
+being
+regular.
+Now
+mean
+thing.
+deep-seated
+fundamental
+facts
+activities.
+Looked
+importance
+becomes
+_Reproduction
+"The
+Forces
+Nature"_
+(_Messrs.
+Macmillan_)
+AURORA
+BOREALIS
+aurora
+borealis
+beautiful
+spectacles
+sky.
+colours
+shape
+change
+instant;
+fan-like
+cluster
+rays,
+golden
+draperies
+gliding
+Blue,
+green,
+yellow,
+red,
+combine
+glorious
+display
+colour.
+still,
+part,
+obscure,
+doubt
+related
+therefore
+electrical
+influence
+sun.]
+learned
+appear
+rotate
+"equatorial"
+rotating
+quicker
+north
+south.
+forty-five
+degrees
+equator
+seems
+days
+equator.
+confirms
+belief
+composition?
+present,
+gaseous
+state,
+well-known
+sodium,
+iron,
+copper,
+zinc,
+magnesium;
+indeed,
+know?
+photosphere,
+won
+purpose
+spectroscope;
+proceeding
+deal
+better
+describe
+instrument.
+WONDERFUL
+INSTRUMENT
+WHAT
+IT
+REVEALS
+analysing
+best
+fully.
+examined
+glow,
+luminous;
+nearly
+everything
+_is_
+range
+waves
+lengths.
+series
+ether,
+are--measuring
+crest
+crest,
+say--of
+Each
+wave-length
+corresponds
+colour
+rainbow.
+shortest
+sensation
+violet
+colour,
+largest
+cause
+red.
+rainbow,
+fact,
+natural
+spectrum.
+(The
+meaning
+rainbow
+moisture-laden
+air
+sorted
+waves,
+according
+length.)
+glass
+prism--a
+triangular-shaped
+piece
+glass.
+(sunlight,
+example)
+prism,
+rainbow-tinted
+colours.
+Anyone
+effect
+kind
+cut
+glass--the
+stopper
+wine
+decanter,
+instance.
+If,
+instead
+catching
+eye
+coloured
+lights
+emerge
+allow
+screen,
+pass,
+continuous
+gradations,
+orange,
+blue,
+indigo,
+end.
+_In
+composed
+rays
+white._
+split
+oxygen
+primary
+colours,
+mentioned.
+spectroscope,
+spectrum,
+are,
+spectroscopic
+shade
+position
+That
+(corresponding
+wave-length)
+angle
+passing
+prism.
+position,
+denoted
+gives
+vibrations
+constituting
+particular
+Now,
+besides
+analysed.
+Light
+incandescent
+way,
+separated.
+(in
+pressure,
+etc.)
+constant
+spectrum
+own.
+_Each
+displays
+distinctive
+obvious,
+therefore,
+provides
+identifying
+substance._
+method
+presence
+magnesium.
+_Yerkes
+9.--THE
+SUN-SPOT
+JULY
+17,
+1905]
+photographs
+10.--SOLAR
+height.
+occurring
+October
+10,
+1910.]
+11.--MARS,
+5,
+1909
+Showing
+markings
+Polar
+Cap.]
+12.--JUPITER
+belts
+cloud
+formations.]
+E.
+Barnard,
+13.--SATURN,
+November
+19,
+1911
+rings,
+swarms
+meteorites.]
+known,
+raised
+incandescence,
+reliable
+identification
+face
+owner.
+laboratory
+remote
+makes
+difference
+reaches
+identified
+set
+waves.
+consist
+intervals;
+peculiar
+arrangement
+lines.
+pass
+cool
+_same_
+replace
+absorbs
+emitted
+hot
+Experiments
+enable
+cold,
+emits
+hot.
+Crossing
+hundreds
+explained,
+discriminative
+absorption
+known.
+seen,
+relatively
+vapours--the
+constituent
+stops
+atoms
+"stoppages"
+register
+placed
+exactly
+been.
+explanation
+attained,
+became
+significant
+isolate
+coolest
+places
+centres
+sun-spots,
+alone
+fallen
+sufficiently
+low
+compounds
+form.
+determine
+comets,
+of.
+Unique
+Discovery
+1868
+Lockyer
+coming
+attributed
+unknown
+helium,
+Greek
+_helios_,
+1895
+Ramsay
+minerals
+spectroscope._
+earth;
+long-lost
+heir
+thrilling
+chapter
+detective
+sensational
+stories
+feel
+built
+mentioned
+indicates
+christened
+Measuring
+Speed
+all;
+soon
+spectroscope.
+speeds
+measure,
+sight.
+Movement
+angles
+looking
+sufficient
+easy
+detect,
+and,
+measure.
+vision
+Yet,
+deal,
+furnish
+data
+measurement.
+containing,
+sodium
+towards
+slightly
+usual
+amount
+shifting
+spectral
+direction,
+measured
+revealed
+unmistakably
+watched,
+of,
+tremendous
+proof
+expect
+actually
+occur.
+SPECTROSCOPE
+IS
+AN
+FOR
+ANALYSING
+LIGHT;
+PROVIDES
+MEANS
+IDENTIFYING
+DIFFERENT
+SUBSTANCES
+pictorial
+illustrates
+principal
+Spectrum
+Analysis,
+showing
+decomposed
+relieved
+detail
+unduly
+obscure
+prism
+wave-lengths.
+magnified.]
+DYING?
+consideration
+patent
+astonishing
+energy.
+Heat
+amazing
+quantities
+pour
+ceasing.
+Where
+from?
+Enormous
+outwards
+Does
+argue
+fire
+earth?
+scientist
+sure.
+burning,
+combustion
+heat.
+Combustion
+reaction
+atoms.
+predictable
+measurable.
+energy,
+nor
+indeed
+ordinary
+kind.
+combustible
+material
+burn
+years,
+marked
+production
+advanced.
+changes.
+instead,
+strong
+emitting
+quantities,
+thousands,
+throws
+age
+rather
+decrease
+wonder
+greater.
+avoid
+issue
+merely
+gradually
+radiating
+originated
+manner,
+things.
+Reliable
+required
+cooling
+possibly
+run
+millions.
+subject
+steady
+renewal.
+However
+acquired
+past,
+present.
+accretion
+due
+shrinkage
+bulk
+under
+force
+gravity.
+Gravity
+mysterious
+forces
+nature,
+obvious
+behave
+attracted
+another,
+law
+attraction.
+trying
+deeply
+things,
+attracts
+mile
+round,
+tons
+one-mile
+drop
+all,
+obviously
+below
+inwards,
+however
+slowly
+place!
+involved!
+require
+fifty
+completion,
+assuming,
+reasonably,
+relationship
+loss
+radiation
+shrinkage.
+Even
+need
+over-anxious
+theory;
+cold
+support
+required.
+suggested
+falls
+meteoric
+tenable
+hypothesis,
+apart
+reasons,
+undoubtedly
+bounds
+following
+routes
+stray
+erratic
+destined
+meet
+doom
+collision
+Recent
+radio-active
+factor
+powerfully
+along
+gravitation
+maintain
+store
+undergoing
+disintegration.
+splitting
+constituents.
+constituents,
+them?
+"radio-active"
+disintegration,
+formation,
+disintegration--and
+radio-active--then
+indefinitely.
+LIFE
+OTHER
+WORLDS?
+Nothing
+liquid
+Life
+exists
+possibilities
+limited.
+have,
+tens
+having
+reasons
+unconvincing.
+proportion
+survey
+extend
+rest
+considering
+rule
+Neptune.
+intrinsically
+Mercury.
+sunlit
+Mercury
+boiling-point,
+while
+freezing-point.
+Planet
+Venus
+morning
+evening
+"star,"
+sight
+promising
+regards
+that,
+presents
+disadvantage--a
+broiling
+sunny
+bright--the
+dense
+dust--that
+trace
+ascertain
+axis.
+Many
+succeeded,
+does,
+conceive
+spite
+cloud-screen.
+14.--THE
+plain
+craters.
+craters,
+explained
+page
+34.]
+15.--MARS
+1}
+Drawings
+Prof.
+Lowell
+accompany
+Mars
+2}
+canals.
+Taken
+1907
+Mr.
+Slipher
+Observatory.
+3
+Drawing
+6,
+1914.
+4
+21,
+Nos.
+1
+planet's
+rotation.
+depict
+sections.
+polar
+snow-caps
+two.]
+16.--THE
+MOON,
+NINE
+THREE-QUARTER
+DAYS
+"rays"
+diverging
+perfectly
+craters
+indicated
+arrows
+(Tycho,
+upper;
+Copernicus,
+lower),
+mountains
+lunar
+breaking
+them.]
+Mars;
+why
+speculation
+supposed
+advanced
+Mars?
+basis
+if,
+saw,
+down,
+smaller
+cooled
+down
+larger,
+ahead
+development.
+did.
+Hence,
+guess
+life-forms
+evolved
+world,
+confidently
+tend
+intelligence;
+disposed
+beings
+Mars.
+argument
+supposes
+namely
+water,
+disputed
+quantity.
+Percival
+Lowell,
+lifelong
+maintained
+claimed
+beds
+vegetation
+marking
+sites
+channels
+pipes
+"Martians"
+draw
+ocean.
+W.
+Pickering,
+authority,
+thinks
+narrow
+marshes
+fed
+moist
+poles.
+caps
+melt
+spring,
+fringe
+grows
+broader.
+Other
+water-vapour
+thin
+sheets
+hoar-frost
+frozen
+scanty,
+great,
+fluid
+planet.
+asks
+settle
+points,
+reminded
+nearer
+34,000,000
+approaches
+fifteen
+seventeen
+image
+photographic
+negative
+telescope
+rely
+sensitive
+plate.
+differences
+opinion
+sees,
+controversy.
+August,
+1924,
+observation,
+learn
+Already
+much-disputed
+lines,
+people
+wrongly
+"canals,"
+traced
+photographs.
+sceptical
+fully
+aware
+adaptability
+climate
+pole
+pole,
+semi-tropical
+endure
+plenty
+Arctic
+animals.
+came
+suppose,
+population
+adapted
+whole,
+impossible,
+difficulties
+code
+communication,
+"elder
+brothers"
+flash
+problems.
+Jupiter
+Saturn
+Next
+Jupiter.
+Between
+older
+wondered
+contains
+nine
+"planetoids,"
+diameter.
+burst
+(a
+mathematically
+satisfactory),
+scattered
+prevented
+uniting
+globe.
+1,300
+large,
+attendance
+interesting
+note
+outermost
+revolve
+contrary
+12)
+steam
+apparently
+red-hot.
+tinge
+cloud-belts,
+(the
+"red
+spot"),
+23,000
+length,
+century.
+core
+seething
+case
+latitudes
+rates.
+hot,
+self-luminous.
+shine
+brightly,
+own;
+reflect
+sunlight.
+condition.
+13)
+steam,
+vaporisation
+necessarily
+internal
+Like
+hours--a
+speed--and
+swirling,
+metallic
+gases.
+instructive
+compare
+respect
+(to
+disputed)
+"rings"
+so-called
+rings
+swarm
+meteorites--pieces
+iron
+stone
+sorts
+sizes,
+deep,
+stretches
+172,000
+volcanic
+Others
+stuff
+combined
+eleventh
+itself.
+Saturn.
+faint.
+attend
+ten-miles-wide
+Titan,
+Ganymede,
+satellite
+3,000
+moons?
+class.
+Dead
+World
+Fig.
+14
+photograph,
+telescopes,
+part
+sense
+brings
+city
+London
+dark,
+sprawling
+blotch
+Zeppelin
+Diplodocus
+speck
+none
+signs
+feeble
+Pickering
+activity.
+believes
+vegetation,
+order,
+soil
+retain
+speaks
+occasional
+snow.
+succeeded
+persuading
+observers
+slight
+taking
+place
+17.--A
+MAP
+CHIEF
+PLAINS
+CRATERS
+plains
+seas:
+hence
+name
+"Mare."]
+18.--A
+DIAGRAM
+STREAM
+METEORS
+PASSING
+THROUGH
+THEM]
+19.--COMET,
+1908
+Notice
+tails.
+(See
+below.)]
+20.--COMET,
+3,
+tails
+counted.]
+absence
+story.
+shadows
+hard
+black.
+appreciable
+gradual
+shading
+effects.
+sounds
+meteor
+shattering
+noise.
+Nor
+herald
+"shooting
+star,"
+entering
+earth's
+atmosphere.
+floating
+scent,
+twilight,
+blue
+sky,
+twinkling
+black
+seizing
+eclipses,
+hope
+lifetime,
+landscape
+scenery
+vegetation.
+twenty-seven
+fourteen
+sink
+absolute
+followed
+instant
+twilight
+daylight.
+bear
+diffusion
+way.
+follow,
+moon's
+enormously.
+melting
+ice.
+Seeing
+check
+radiation.
+gets
+radiate
+immediately.
+amongst
+coldest
+tops
+mountains,
+reared
+farthest
+sheltering
+blanket
+moot
+point.
+freezing-point
+boiling-point
+water.
+Mountains
+lack
+"craters"
+pit
+meteorites,
+planetoids,
+splashed
+soft.
+remains
+bubbles
+"skin,"
+molten,
+below.
+supposed,
+extinct
+volcanoes.
+generally
+deep
+cups,
+whereas
+ring-formations
+shallow
+broad
+saucers.
+Clavius,
+123
+interior,
+encircling
+rampart
+high.
+16)
+height,
+extraordinarily
+gaunt
+rugged.
+fountains
+lava,
+rising
+26,000
+27,000
+feet.
+Apennines
+steep
+peaks.
+continually
+worn
+frost
+acting
+moisture
+ice
+agencies
+operating
+"everlasting
+hills."
+precisely
+dead
+globe,
+evolve
+proceeded
+lowly
+lingering
+pools
+heavy
+expanding
+blaze
+rigid
+COMETS
+conclude
+word
+stars,"
+comets.
+streak
+suddenly
+overhead
+entered
+burned
+friction.
+travelling
+perhaps,
+second.
+seventy
+eighty
+heads
+offer
+serious
+friction
+raise
+dissipated,
+vapour.
+Millions
+Meteorites
+meteorites
+enter
+cremated,
+Most
+weigh
+ounce
+two,
+invisible.
+ton
+more,
+acts
+"torpedo-net."
+doing
+damage.
+"empty
+space"
+limits
+fishes
+seas.
+fishes,
+either
+solitary
+gregarious.
+bit
+cosmic
+rubbish
+meteorite,
+examined.
+"social"
+group
+essential
+comet.
+nucleus,
+head
+comet
+19)
+consists
+swarm,
+wide,
+pieces
+stone.
+influence,
+forced
+comet,
+tail.
+crowded
+meteors
+approach
+increases.
+vapour-like
+fierce
+sweeps
+ever-lengthening
+Whatever
+travelling,
+tail
+Great
+Comet
+vapoury
+length
+1843
+long.
+thinnest
+imaginable.
+Twice
+nineteenth
+century
+passed
+nothing
+felt.
+attenuated
+white-hot.
+lit
+be,
+dashes
+more.
+monarch
+summon
+journey
+throne.
+21.--TYPICAL
+SPECTRA
+Six
+spectra.
+common,
+met
+spectra
+conditions.]
+22.--A
+NEBULAR
+REGION
+SOUTH
+ZETA
+ORIONIS
+projection
+"dark
+matter"
+cutting
+behind.]
+Astrophysical
+Victoria,
+Columbia._
+23.--STAR
+CLUSTER
+HERCULES
+us.]
+STELLAR
+UNIVERSE
+immensity
+Universe,
+apprehension.
+perhaps
+one.
+such,
+Betelgeux,
+measured,
+300
+Stars
+similarity
+Matter,
+says
+essentially
+everywhere,
+visits
+incalculable,
+"fire-mist"
+nebulæ.
+keep
+starting-point,
+figment
+imagination.
+Hundreds
+nebulæ,
+vaster
+irregular
+nebulous
+largely
+speculation.
+Possibly
+reconciled.
+applies
+extinction.
+quarter
+analysed
+correspond
+21).
+Age
+roughly
+white.
+temperature,
+hottest.
+youngest,
+grow
+yellowish,
+finally
+invisible--just
+do.
+stars;
+oldest
+youngest.
+formed
+diffuse
+dull-red
+contracts
+mutual
+particles,
+acquires
+yellowish
+tinge.
+continues
+contract
+hotter
+until
+contraction
+stop,
+heating
+Further
+accompanied
+cooling,
+again,
+inverse
+order.
+cools
+yellow
+denser
+Consequently
+called,
+appropriately,
+Giants
+Dwarfs.
+theory,
+American
+astronomer,
+N.
+Russell,
+successful
+explaining
+variety
+consequently
+true.
+received
+satisfactory
+answers.
+commonly
+accepted
+theory.
+THEORY
+Nebulæ
+dim
+patches
+heavens,
+wisps
+smoke
+cases
+else.
+Both
+photography
+numerous,
+large.
+Actual
+dimensions
+given,
+estimate
+definitely
+approximately,
+cases.
+staggering.
+stretch
+convenient
+unit
+cross
+nebula.
+suggesting
+earlier
+other;
+know.
+extremely
+rarified
+convey
+adequate
+rarity
+residual
+vacuum
+tube
+comparison.
+cubic
+inch
+pressure
+contained
+faintest
+dimmed
+sure
+luminous.
+Whence
+derive
+luminosity
+exposed
+terrific
+electrification,
+borealis,
+fit
+better.
+"fire-mists,"
+described,
+born.
+action
+gravity
+far-flung
+"fire-mists"
+condense
+density,
+process.
+condensation
+slow,
+sudden
+irruption
+hasten
+matters
+providing
+ready-made
+condensation.
+Spiral
+contracting
+throw
+streamers,
+spiral,
+centre
+knots
+lumps
+condensed
+arms.
+Besides
+formless
+"spiral"
+development,
+angles--that
+us,
+others
+edge
+on,
+intermediate
+positions.
+appears,
+striking
+confirmation
+hypothesis.
+fast.
+controversy
+comparable
+structures,
+represent
+condensation,
+birth
+huge
+agglomerations
+stars--to
+clusters
+least.
+enigmatic
+invented
+Laplace
+universal
+acceptance.
+grave
+difficulties,
+investigated,
+hold
+opinions
+reserve.
+probable,
+developed
+24.--THE
+ORION
+impressive
+inconceivably
+system.]
+Lick
+25--GIANT
+SPIRAL
+NEBULA,
+March
+23,
+1914
+on.
+arms
+emerging
+directions.
+flowing
+nucleus?
+directions
+nucleus.]
+BIRTH
+DEATH
+STARS
+Variable,
+New,
+Dark
+Stars:
+Dying
+Suns
+"variable
+stars"
+dullest
+dying
+suns.
+varies
+periodically
+weeks,
+speculate
+molten
+bursts
+gathering
+saw
+variable
+sort,
+when,
+illumination
+place.
+Algol,
+Algol
+Modern
+circulating
+common
+centre,
+fainter
+companion
+"eclipse."
+something,
+"selenium-cell,"
+plate,
+registers
+alive.
+pair
+Death
+Birth
+positive
+star!
+tending
+death,
+behold
+conceivable
+presume
+dead.
+hand,
+"running
+down."
+writers
+this,
+finite
+infinite,
+temporal
+eternal;
+declines
+guide
+him.
+knows
+myriads
+future,
+concedes
+forming
+ether
+last,
+interesting,
+"new
+star."
+event
+announce
+years;
+portentous
+imagines
+reported
+daily
+paper.
+1901,
+"blaze"
+occurred
+death
+Luther!
+conflagration
+speeding
+outbreak
+stupendous.
+petroleum
+fired
+distance.
+hundredfold
+days.
+considerable
+fascination
+resurrection
+renewing
+happens
+registered
+charts,
+perceive
+highest
+brilliancy.
+outpour
+sinks
+after
+months,
+reconverted
+collided
+approached
+page.
+rushed
+part)
+vaporised
+considerable,
+prefer
+blazing
+existed.
+tempting
+incomplete.
+content,
+proud,
+analyse
+outflame
+SHAPE
+OUR
+Nebula
+dimensions?
+ask.
+asking
+insect,
+single
+leaf
+midst
+Brazilian
+forest,
+forest.
+ingenuity
+proved
+equal
+question,
+similar
+adopted
+insect.
+Suppose,
+instance,
+forest
+shaped
+elongated
+oval,
+insect
+lived
+tree
+oval.
+trees
+equally
+spaced
+oval
+width.
+guided
+determining
+Way.
+numerous
+sparseness
+plane
+south
+lens,
+situated
+lens.
+remoter
+edge,
+altogether,
+lies
+All
+motion
+motions
+random.
+majority
+groups
+drifting
+stream
+thoroughly
+mixed;
+inner
+universes
+(Figs.
+26)
+spirals
+features
+said
+remarkable.
+Coma
+Berenices
+edge-on
+lens-shaped
+middle
+flattened
+Canes
+Venatici
+facing
+irresistibly
+motion,
+central,
+portion,
+streaming
+Again,
+altogether
+considerations,
+possess
+double-armed
+structure.
+absorbing
+(see
+22)
+mottled
+appearance
+edge-on)
+Berenices.
+increases
+calculated
+independent
+comprehension.
+formation
+arm
+band
+reference
+text
+resemblance
+universe.]
+100-INCH
+TELESCOPE,
+MOUNT
+WILSON
+reflecting
+telescope:
+mirror
+telescope.]
+approximate
+revision.
+"light-year"
+cover
+year.]
+outline
+touched
+debatable
+engage
+astronomers.
+controversial
+stage;
+convince
+whatever
+future
+holds
+store,
+constitutes
+fabric
+knowledge.
+ASTRONOMICAL
+INSTRUMENTS
+Telescope
+finest
+mechanical
+skill
+observatory
+score,
+stand
+pre-eminent
+astronomy.
+exist.
+dispute
+constructed;
+astronomical
+dates
+Italian
+Galileo,
+imperfect
+invention,
+chief
+satellites
+binoculars
+superior
+early
+Galileo's,
+construction,
+erected
+Wilson,
+California,
+exciting
+progress.
+historic
+interest:
+era
+telescopes
+begins
+construction
+underwent
+unprecedented
+An
+countries
+race
+produce
+rivalry
+methods.
+partisans
+_refractors_
+_reflectors_,
+mention,
+briefly,
+principles
+employed
+each.
+_refractor_
+ordinary,
+telescope.
+consists,
+essentially,
+lens
+tube,
+eye-piece,
+function
+act
+collects
+proportional
+focus
+produces
+image,
+eye-piece
+magnifies
+image.
+_reflector_,
+bottom.
+focus,
+whence
+led
+eye-piece.
+refractor
+reflector
+differ
+chiefly
+manner
+powerfulness
+depends
+light-gatherer.
+gathered
+_area_
+_square_
+existence
+_reflectors_.
+easier
+construct
+lens;
+cheaper.
+likely
+irregularity
+distorting
+handle
+reflector.
+refractors
+made,
+Yerkes'
+refractor,
+reflector,
+California.
+feet
+inches.
+YERKES
+40-INCH
+REFRACTOR
+_refracting_
+weighs
+pounds,
+mammoth
+62
+12,000
+pounds.
+parts
+22
+tons.
+_100-inch
+reflector_
+telescope--the
+_reflecting_
+world--weighs
+9,000
+pounds
+100
+_72-inch
+Dominion
+B.
+C.,
+4,500
+35
+tons.)]
+Shepstone._
+DOUBLE-SLIDE
+PLATE
+HOLDER
+ON
+REFRACTING
+TELESCOPE
+"finder";
+field
+restricted
+recognise,
+surveyed.
+selected.]
+MODERN
+DIRECT-READING
+(_By
+A.
+Hilger,
+Ltd._)
+brought
+telescope,
+resulting
+device
+whereby
+instruments,
+heightened.
+allowing
+plate
+Nowadays
+seldom
+spends
+glued
+puts
+advantage
+builds
+impressions.
+stare
+With
+impressions
+accumulating.
+passes,
+impression
+affecting
+visible.
+reveals
+telescopes.
+Telescopes
+discussing,
+exploring
+mounted
+_equatorially_;
+inclined
+pillar
+parallel
+pillar,
+effected
+clock-work,
+adjusted
+clock-work
+started,
+desired.
+official
+observatory,
+Greenwich
+Paris,
+_transit_
+equatorials
+facility
+movement,
+exquisite
+refinements,
+measurements.
+compilation
+_Nautical
+Almanac_.
+allowed
+drift
+vision,
+crosses
+wires
+recorded.
+Owing
+fixity
+constructed
+record
+_positions_
+accuracy
+flexible
+mounting
+equatorials.
+recording
+transit
+dry
+work;
+spectacular
+absent;
+treated
+points.
+observations
+publications
+Almanac_
+_Connaissance
+du
+Temps_
+robbed
+importance.
+Spectroscope
+learnt
+domain
+Unless
+dispersion
+obtained.
+desirable,
+analytical
+work,
+dispersion--that
+separation
+spectrum--should
+possible.
+using
+prisms,
+dispersive
+prisms
+employed,
+final
+considerable.
+absorbed
+unless
+strong,
+decipher.
+obtaining
+_diffraction
+grating_
+ruled
+diamond
+falling
+constituents
+diffraction
+grating
+work.
+inch,
+accuracy.
+list
+prepared,
+analysis
+straightforward.
+practice,
+simple.
+conditions.
+observing,
+difference,
+laborious
+tasks
+spectroscopist
+disentangle
+Simple
+outlines,
+spectroscopy
+reality,
+intricate
+branches
+BIBLIOGRAPHY
+books
+useful
+readers
+wishing
+pursue
+Astronomy.)
+BALL,
+Story
+Heavens_.
+Sun_.
+FORBES,
+_History
+Astronomy_.
+HINCKS,
+_Astronomy_.
+KIPPAX,
+_Call
+Stars_.
+LOWELL,
+_Mars
+Canals_.
+_Evolution
+Worlds_.
+MCKREADY,
+_A
+Beginner's
+Star-Book_.
+NEWCOMB,
+_Popular
+Study
+Universe_.
+OLCOTT,
+_Field
+Book
+PRICE,
+_Essence
+SERVISS,
+_Curiosities
+Skies_.
+WEBB,
+_Celestial
+Objects
+Common
+Telescopes_.
+YOUNG,
+_Text-Book
+General
+II
+STORY
+EVOLUTION
+INTRODUCTORY
+BEGINNING
+EARTH--MAKING
+HOME
+LIFE--THE
+FIRST
+LIVING
+CREATURES
+Evolution-idea
+master-key
+doors.
+interpretation
+throwing
+Everything
+antiquity,
+it--a
+_natural
+history_,
+is.
+"understand
+measure,"
+_fact_
+discern
+_factors_
+evolution-idea
+old,
+philosophers,
+equipment.
+everyday
+intellectual
+tool.
+applied
+animals;
+extended
+himself;
+language,
+folk-ways,
+institutions.
+uranium
+radium
+stable
+complete.
+evolution.
+extension
+without.
+alongside
+brains
+feelings
+emotions,
+Organic
+principle;
+process--a
+becoming.
+inter-relations
+arisen
+knowable
+preceding
+affairs
+simpler,
+simpler
+backwards
+till
+lose
+clues
+mist
+hangs
+life's
+beginnings.
+represented
+_the
+throughout_
+distribution
+clearer
+genesis.
+Similarly,
+institutions
+now,
+government
+cities.
+works
+purpose,
+ideals
+controlling
+actions
+guiding
+achievements,
+old
+processes
+becoming
+conscious
+agent.
+genesis
+civilisation
+organic
+development
+kept
+individual,
+chick
+egg,
+racial
+change,
+successive
+steps
+distinctively
+individualities
+arise,
+root,
+flourish,
+sometimes,
+sooner
+originative
+stock.
+domesticated
+breeds
+pigeons
+poultry
+evolutionary
+origins
+Rock
+Dove
+Jungle
+Fowl;
+Wild
+Nature
+ancestral
+stocks
+extinct,
+unknown.
+going,
+appearing
+disappearing,
+long-drawn-out
+music.
+Rischgitz
+Collection._
+CHARLES
+DARWIN
+Greatest
+naturalists,
+current
+coin,
+_Origin
+Species_
+(1859)
+new.]
+LORD
+KELVIN
+physicists
+20,000,000
+disposal,
+discoveries,
+resulted
+increased.]
+GIANT
+Laplace's
+nebulæ.]
+Natural
+History
+Museum._
+METEORITE
+WHICH
+FELL
+NEAR
+SCARBOROUGH,
+NOW
+TO
+BE
+NATURAL
+HISTORY
+MUSEUM
+56
+lb.,
+"stony"
+i.e.,
+aerolite.]
+Beginning
+language
+"In
+beginning,"
+condition
+arise
+went
+qualify
+phrase,
+legitimately
+inquire
+beginning.
+for.
+pre-material
+Mind,"
+expressing
+express
+truth,
+BEYOND
+SCIENCE.
+Nebular
+Hypothesis
+grandest
+pictures
+screen
+Hypothesis.
+According
+(1796),
+uniformly
+world-cloud
+shrinking
+gave
+ring,
+broke
+ring
+formed.
+persisted
+spoke
+Kant
+anticipated
+forty-one
+before,
+caution:
+"conjectures
+distrust
+observation
+ought
+inspire."
+Subsequent
+justified
+distrust,
+original
+gaseous.
+Moreover,
+revolving
+pictures.
+pointed
+(1890)
+day;
+voluminous;
+grown!
+meteoritic
+contributions
+undoubted,
+attract
+difficulty
+collecting
+nucleus.
+erratic,
+hither
+thither
+unit-bodies.
+Chamberlin
+says,
+"meteorites
+characteristics
+wreckage
+organisation
+parentage
+system."
+Several
+propounded
+favour
+eyes
+authorities
+Moulton.
+attraction
+included,
+heaved
+knotted
+"knots,"
+served
+drawing
+clutches.
+bolt
+escaped
+orbits
+"planetesimals"
+planetesimals
+food
+subsequently
+fed.
+Growth
+newborn
+earth--the
+"earth-knot"
+Chamberlin's
+theory--had
+5,500
+grew
+8,100
+growing
+period.
+Since
+shrunk,
+shrinkages
+buckling
+7,918
+varied.
+slow
+internally
+crust,
+assortment
+lighter
+materials
+heavier
+down.
+continents
+materials,
+granites,
+basalts.
+land
+sea,
+sea
+land,
+probability
+distinction
+stage.
+lithosphere
+been,
+with,
+young
+accumulate
+surface--before,
+hydrosphere.
+rain
+dissolving
+saline
+salt.
+weathering
+grounds
+ancient
+furnished
+sandstones
+mudstones
+sedimentary
+rocks,
+all.
+Making
+Home
+callous,
+rough-and-tumble
+replaced
+germination
+growth
+tender
+plant
+LIFE.
+tough
+creatures,
+organism
+ill
+suited
+violence.
+mild
+gentle
+reactions.
+Hence
+planetesimal
+blanketing
+intensities
+radiance
+without,
+inequalities
+within.
+preparation
+free
+oxygen.
+lakelets,
+lakes
+waters
+covered
+life--water,
+dissolve
+concentration
+liquid;
+summer
+readily
+evaporate
+pond,
+winter
+freeze
+extent;
+mobile
+vehicle
+cleaver
+substances;
+80
+significance
+abundance
+carbon,
+carbonic
+acid
+water)
+unique
+_ensemble_
+properties--ready
+reactions
+relations,
+diversity
+possible,
+favouring
+plastic
+permeable
+build
+creatures.
+idea,
+inanimate
+friendly
+home
+Origin
+Living
+Creatures
+chapters
+history,
+creature
+neither
+Therefore
+follows
+uncertain,
+date,
+how,
+possibilities.
+_Reproduced
+Smithsonian
+Report,
+1915._
+LIMESTONE
+CANYON
+fossils
+GENEALOGICAL
+TREE
+ANIMALS
+relations
+divided.
+scheme
+admittedly
+provisional.]
+AMOEBA
+(Greatly
+magnified.)
+amoeba
+hint
+ancestors.
+greyish
+jelly,
+1/100th
+mud
+weeds
+ponds,
+engulfs
+out-flowing
+lobes
+(PS).
+vacuole
+(FV)
+ingested
+food.
+contractile
+(CV)
+waste
+discharged.
+N
+GR,
+granules.]
+favourite
+forecloses
+that.
+"Ignoramus":
+"Ignorabimus."
+Helmholtz,
+Lord
+Kelvin,
+others,
+elsewhere,
+cracks
+meteorite
+dust.
+remembered
+survive
+prolonged
+exposure
+temperatures;
+spores
+temperature;
+germs
+"latent
+life"
+drought
+Berthelot,
+molecular
+disintegration
+activities
+suspended
+afterwards
+recommence
+appropriate
+restored.
+Therefore,
+impossible.
+limitation
+Kelvin's
+shifts
+organisms
+(i.e.
+creatures)
+elsewhere.
+emerged
+not-living
+material,
+e.g.
+semi-fluid
+carbon
+activated
+ferments.
+tenability
+achievements
+synthetic
+chemists,
+artificially
+oxalic
+acid,
+salicylic
+caffeine,
+grape-sugar.
+know,
+Nature's
+clever
+chemist,
+complexity.
+Corpuscles
+atoms,
+molecules,
+molecules
+ones.
+Various
+concrete
+suggestions
+dealt
+chapter.
+spontaneous
+generation;
+pre-existing
+kind;
+fancied,
+flaws
+experimenting.
+thing
+accept
+verdict
+"omne
+vivum
+e
+vivo"
+experiment
+exception
+chemists
+surpassing
+themselves,
+egg
+artificially,
+affect
+outlook
+though
+appreciation
+libelled
+ago
+real
+born
+sunshine,
+vital,
+groaning
+travailing
+intelligible.
+First
+Organisms
+or,
+found,
+one-celled
+animalcules,
+Protists,
+sure,
+globules
+unlike
+air,
+dissolved
+salts.
+marine
+manufacture
+chlorophyll,
+green
+pigment
+utilise
+dioxide
+building
+(photosynthesis)
+sugars
+starch.
+units
+encased
+cell-wall
+cellulose,
+boxed-in
+expressed
+undulatory
+lash
+flagellum,
+propelled
+energetically
+mostly
+them--simple
+plants--paint
+tree-stems
+paving-stones
+wet
+weather.
+teemed
+flagellates--the
+originators
+Vegetable
+Kingdom.
+tack,
+predatory
+salts,
+devouring
+neighbours.
+closed
+naked,
+protoplasm
+changeful
+processes,
+Amoebæ
+ditch
+blood
+corpuscles
+amoeboid
+cells.
+Protists
+arisen.
+minute,
+worth
+remembering
+spectator
+lamented
+seas
+teeming.
+Huxley
+Biology
+section
+STEPS
+PLANTS--THE
+ANIMALS--BEGINNINGS
+BODIES--EVOLUTION
+SEX--BEGINNING
+Contrast
+Plants
+Animals
+about,
+forking
+genealogical
+Animals--the
+parting
+Nature.
+Typical
+chlorophyll;
+feed
+level
+photosynthesis.
+cells
+boxed
+cellulose
+walls,
+opportunities
+motility
+restricted.
+nutritive
+need,
+income.
+ready
+rid
+nitrogenous
+helps
+sluggish.
+Animals,
+level,
+carbohydrates
+(e.g.
+starch
+sugar),
+fats,
+proteins
+gluten,
+albumin,
+casein)
+manufactured
+plants.
+wall
+kind,
+unrestricted.
+weight
+fractions
+ratio
+upbuilding,
+constructive,
+down-breaking,
+disruptive,
+respective
+animal.
+munitions
+laboriously
+explode
+locomotion
+animate
+photosynthesis
+1917_
+PIECE
+REEF-BUILDING
+CORAL,
+BUILT
+UP
+LARGE
+COLONY
+SMALL
+SEA-ANEMONE-LIKE
+POLYPS,
+EACH
+FORMS
+FROM
+SALTS
+SEA
+SKELETON
+OR
+SHELL
+LIME
+corals,
+beautiful,
+skeleton
+creatures.]
+Ward,
+F.E.S._
+INSET
+CIRCLE
+SHOWS
+GROUP
+CHALK-FORMING
+ANIMALS,
+FORAMINIFERA,
+ABOUT
+SIZE
+VERY
+PIN'S
+HEAD
+chalk
+cliffs
+Dover
+deposits
+floor
+sea.
+ENORMOUSLY
+ENLARGED
+ILLUSTRATION
+THAT
+COMMON
+FORAMINIFER
+(POLYSTOMELLA)
+CENTRE
+OUTFLOWING
+NETWORK
+MATTER,
+ALONG
+GRANULES
+ARE
+CONTINUALLY
+TRAVELLING,
+FOOD
+PARTICLES
+ENTANGLED
+DRAWN
+permission
+Museum_
+(_after
+Max
+Schultze_).]
+explosive
+products,
+ashes
+usually
+got
+effectively,
+kidney
+filters,
+clog
+deposited
+crystals
+like,
+Sluggish
+sea-squirts
+kidneys
+exceptions
+prove
+rule,
+statements
+statements.
+animal,
+sedentary
+sponges,
+zoophytes,
+sea-squirts,
+plant,
+shoots
+roots
+leaves,
+occasionally
+flower.
+tree,
+i.e.
+divergence
+depended
+higher
+kingdom,
+mankind.
+continuance
+civilisation,
+upkeep
+supply
+breathe,
+depend
+silent
+laboratories
+help
+salts
+bread
+Beginnings
+Land
+consisted
+Flagellates
+Open
+Sea.
+elevations
+depressions
+sea-floor,
+substratum
+vegetation--a
+momentous
+successes.
+land.
+spoken
+ancestors
+shore
+seaweeds,
+lowest
+tide
+wade
+cautiously
+jungle
+occasions
+_This_
+primeval.
+Protozoa
+zoophytes
+sponges
+Protozoa.
+"First
+Animals,"
+simplicity
+complicated
+primitive.
+Though
+microscopic,
+bodily
+attributes
+manifested
+ourselves.
+cells,
+tissues,
+organs,
+acceptation
+structure,
+exceeding
+tissues
+body-making.
+Protozoa,
+safe
+establishment
+Protozoa:
+(_a_)
+active,
+Infusorians,
+slipper
+animalcule,
+night-light
+(Noctiluca),
+phosphorescent
+deadly
+Trypanosome,
+(_b_)
+sluggish,
+parasitic
+Sporozoa,
+malaria
+mosquito
+introduces
+(_c_)
+active
+passive,
+Rhizopods,
+successful;
+chalk-forming
+Foraminifera
+exquisitely
+flint-shelled
+Radiolarians
+open
+counterparts
+multicellular
+phagocytes
+migrate
+engulfing
+digesting
+intruding
+bacteria,
+serving
+sappers
+miners
+performing
+offices.
+Body
+naturalist
+Louis
+Agassiz
+biggest
+gulf
+unicellular
+(Protozoa
+Metazoa).
+bridged
+stinging
+worms
+evolved,
+showed,
+"body."
+evolution!
+knows,
+obscure.
+Protozoon
+divides
+multiplying,
+daughter-units
+float
+lives.
+coherent.
+Volvox,
+ball,
+canals
+body!
+"colony-making"
+Protozoon,
+component
+division
+labour.
+kernel
+nuclei
+cell.
+Giant
+Amoeba
+(Pelomyxa),
+duck-ponds,
+Opalina,
+lives
+hind
+frog's
+food-canal.
+gather
+nuclei,
+_that
+body_.
+labour
+egg-cells
+sperm-cells
+body-cells.
+evolved.
+Two
+noticed,
+body-making
+many-celled
+Wheel
+Animalcule
+Rotifer
+bigger
+Protozoon.
+Rotifer--we
+thinking
+Hydatina--has
+odd
+Volvox.
+Secondly,
+_every
+sponge
+multiplies
+"single
+cell,"_
+fertilised
+egg-cell.
+cell
+develops
+earthworm
+butterfly,
+eagle,
+man;
+inheritance,
+fruition
+condensed;
+creature,
+budding
+starts
+coherence
+daughter-cells
+egg-cell
+reminiscence,
+Sexual
+Reproduction
+freshwater
+Hydra,
+duckweed
+budding.
+daughter-buds,
+images
+itself;
+nutrition
+daughter-buds
+free.
+sea-anemone
+divide
+parts,
+asexual
+reproduction,
+multiplication
+dividing
+portions,
+liberating
+sperm-cells.
+Among
+plants,
+reproduction
+common.
+disadvantages,
+apt
+physiologically
+expensive,
+beset
+labour,
+bound
+unity.
+Thus,
+bee
+bird
+multiplying
+suffered
+injury
+deterioration,
+handed
+_Photos:
+PLANT-LIKE
+ANIMAL,
+ZOOPHYTE,
+CALLED
+OBELIA
+Consisting
+polyps,
+tentacles
+enlarged
+lower
+photograph.]
+Quart.
+Journ.
+Mic.
+Sci."_
+TRYPANOSOMA
+GAMBIENSE
+(Very
+widespread
+dangerous
+maladies
+rise.
+man,
+infected
+bite
+Tse-tse
+carries
+parasite
+host.]
+VOLVOX
+Volvox
+like.
+suggest
+_multicellular_
+_different_
+functions.
+(marked
+lashes
+flagella.
+Daughter
+colonies
+inside
+Parent
+4,
+2.
+1.]
+PROTEROSPONGIA
+illustrating
+sperm-cells,
+body-cells;
+collared
+lashed
+margin
+in.
+indubitable
+begun.]
+Splitting
+old-fashioned
+method,
+namely,
+sexual
+reproduction.
+body-building
+(by
+egg-cell)
+units,
+germ-cells_,
+continuing
+inheritance
+_These
+reproductive
+mature
+animal_;
+advantages
+(1)
+started
+expensively,
+shed
+cradle
+(2)
+start
+once,
+struggle
+keen,
+parental
+care
+(3)
+prejudicially
+affected
+disadvantageous
+dints
+impressed
+parent--little
+peculiarly
+penetrating
+consequences,
+poisons.
+(4)
+implied
+germ-cells--the
+ovum
+egg-cell,
+legacy
+yolk;
+spermatozoon
+sperm-cell,
+fluids
+securing
+change-provoking
+cross-fertilisation.
+Sex
+differentiation
+physiological
+types,
+male
+sperm-producer
+female
+egg-producer.
+constitution,
+leads
+develop
+male,
+beside
+nest,
+female.
+Riddle,
+male-producing
+female-producing
+yolk-forming
+characters.
+sea-urchins
+superficially
+indistinguishable,
+ovaries
+testes.
+organs
+gonads
+only,
+intimate
+doubtless
+routine
+(metabolism).
+cases,
+superficial
+sexes,
+everyone
+peacock
+peahen,
+stag
+hind.
+ovum-producer,
+saturates
+expresses
+masculine
+feminine
+structures
+modes
+behaviour.
+expression
+characters
+carried
+trigger
+antler
+wattle
+decorative
+plume
+capacity
+vocal
+saltatory
+display.
+latent
+features,
+ovary.
+deep-rooted,
+gearing,
+clear-cut.
+hen-pigeon
+masculine,
+cock-pigeon
+feminine.
+degree,
+inevitableness
+death?
+Sequoia
+"Big
+Tree"
+California
+eventually
+died.
+centenarian
+tortoise
+sixty
+age;
+die.
+inevitable
+stoppage
+life?
+end,
+devoured
+killed
+extreme
+surroundings.
+enters
+habitat,
+associations
+organisms,
+invaded
+microbe
+unaccustomed
+resistance.
+"live-and-let-live"
+compromise
+arrived
+fatal,
+cost
+bitten
+tse-tse
+infects
+him
+Trypanosome)
+troublesome
+host
+vigorous,
+upper
+"grouse
+disease,"
+fatal.
+microbic
+(or
+parasitic)
+death.
+price
+paid
+furnishings
+wear
+tear
+accumulate.
+works--the
+laboratory.
+rejuvenescence,
+rest,
+repair,
+reorganisation,
+senescence,
+victory
+ageing.
+expensiveness
+eels,
+illustrate
+nemesis
+starting
+exempt
+recuperate
+repair;
+bad
+debts.
+inexpensive
+physiologically.
+immortality
+shared
+Hydra
+Planarian
+worms.
+evading
+staving
+Paloloworm
+coral-reefs
+breaks
+germ-cells,
+head-end
+crevice
+coral,
+buds
+leisure.
+Along
+avoiding
+welfare
+species,
+punctuation
+life-history
+suit
+GREEN
+HYDRA
+polyp,
+crown
+mouth.
+bud,
+tentacle
+touches
+latter
+paralysed
+mouth.]
+EARTHWORM
+Earthworms
+profitable
+habit
+front,
+bilateral
+symmetry.]
+ILLUSTRATING
+INDIVIDUAL
+1.
+immature
+_sperm_-cell,
+chromosomes
+(nuclear
+bodies)
+rods.
+chromosomes.
+3.
+_egg_-cell,
+curved
+bodies.
+4.
+5.
+fertilises
+ovum,
+introducing
+6.
+chromosomes,
+paternal
+maternal
+origin.
+7.
+equator,
+longitudinally.
+centrosome
+introduced
+centrosomes,
+play
+segmentation
+egg.
+8.
+chromosomes.]
+1917._
+GLASS
+MODEL
+SEA-ANEMONE
+tubular
+sea-anemone,
+flower
+obvious.
+lassoes
+feeds
+captured
+food.]
+THIS
+DRAWING
+BRAIN
+FISH
+MAN
+Cerebrum,
+seat
+intelligence,
+parts.
+mammals
+convoluted.
+brain,
+birds
+shows.]
+Acquisitions
+sea-anemones
+jellyfishes
+symmetry
+radial;
+left,
+halved
+planes.
+symmetry.
+side,
+halves
+strenuous
+radial
+show;
+pursuing
+food,
+enemies,
+chasing
+mates.
+_with
+head-brains_,
+worm-types.
+acquisitions
+notice:
+well-developed
+sense-organs,
+surfaces
+digestive
+absorptive
+food-canal,
+quickly
+striped
+muscle
+muscular
+appendages,
+distributing
+medium
+contribute.
+acquisition,
+confined
+(so
+known)
+backboned
+glands
+secretion,
+thyroid
+supra-renal.
+manifold
+regulating
+harmonising
+processes.
+hormones,
+stimulate
+activity;
+chalones,
+brake.
+alter
+waiting
+trigger-pulling.
+proper
+milk-glands
+mammalian
+mother
+awakened
+dormancy.
+INCLINED
+PLANE
+ANIMAL
+BEHAVIOUR
+emergence
+ages--the
+called--it
+Mind
+time--Man's
+inheritance.
+birth,
+partnership
+offspring,
+sleep,
+unborn
+child.
+wonderful.
+embryo
+nervous
+mentality
+outside,
+potentiality
+it--whatever
+means--resides
+first.
+thinking,
+feeling,
+experience,
+senses,
+implicit
+germ-cell
+genius
+miserable
+specimen
+infant.
+race--there
+aspect
+creature's
+finger
+say:
+conclusion
+wherever
+mind--even
+Or
+aspect.
+OKAPI
+GIRAFFE
+Okapi
+zoölogical
+discoveries.
+Giraffe's
+1900
+Harry
+Johnston
+Africa,
+forests
+immemorial.]
+book
+accumulates
+potential
+proceeds
+expend
+explosive,
+environment.
+self-preservative
+fashion,
+burns
+consumed
+explodes
+blown
+bits.
+concern
+shorter
+period--its
+expended
+ineffectively
+self-destructively
+eliminated
+existence.
+explores
+corner
+microscope,
+behaving
+dog
+scouring
+permissible
+endeavour
+strengthened
+pursues
+amoeba,
+overtakes
+loses
+recaptures
+animalcule
+potassium
+pill
+fizzing
+basin
+lurching
+gun
+loose
+"taken
+charge"
+ship.
+locomotor
+individuality:
+swim,
+spiral.
+world;
+acted
+influences
+environment;
+shield:
+environment
+organism;
+recognise
+sides
+living,
+missing
+fail
+advantageously
+environment,
+influences,
+shutting
+profitless
+stimuli,
+opening
+gateways
+bird's
+finer
+earthworm's;
+worm.
+Trial
+Error
+Method
+spontaneity
+likewise
+react
+effectively
+stimuli.
+"answers
+back,"
+several,
+Slipper
+Animalcule,
+reverses
+cilia
+sphere
+disturbing
+retreats,
+turning
+tentatively,
+line.
+misses
+good;
+strikes
+tactics
+repeated
+stimulation
+proves
+enregistered
+alternative
+tried
+trial-and-error
+struck.
+satisfaction,
+trial
+profits
+experience
+first,
+learning.
+SIMPLE
+REFLEX
+ARC
+BACKBONELESS
+LIKE
+sensory
+nerve-cell
+(S.C.)
+receives
+stimulus.
+stimulus
+sensatory
+nerve-fibre
+(S.F.)
+nerve-cord.
+contact
+(SY^{1})
+associative
+communicating
+(A.C.).
+(SY^{2})
+dendrites
+motor
+(M.C.).
+impulse
+command
+cylinder
+nerve-cell.
+ends
+muscle-fibre
+(M.F.)
+moves
+reflex
+complete.]
+(_Natural
+History_).
+YUCCA
+MOTH
+Yucca
+Moth,
+cocoon,
+flies
+pollen
+stamens,
+holding
+mouth-parts.
+She
+lays
+seed-box.
+After
+she
+tip
+pistil,
+fertilisation
+ovules
+pod.
+Britain
+Moths.]
+Diagram
+creature.
+implying
+initiative;
+automatic.
+_Upper
+Side._--I.
+Energetic
+actions.
+II.
+tentatives.
+III.
+Trial-and-error
+IV.
+Non-intelligent
+experiments.
+V.
+Experiential
+"learning."
+VI.
+Associative
+VII.
+Intelligent
+VIII.
+Rational
+conduct
+(man).
+_Lower
+Side._--1.
+Reactions
+Enregistered
+Compound
+Tropisms.
+rhythms.
+instincts.
+Chain
+9.
+Instinctive
+intelligence.
+10.
+Subconscious
+cerebration
+(man).]
+VENUS'
+FLY-TRAP
+captures
+prey
+trap
+leaf.
+induced
+snap
+bristle.
+lighting
+hairs,
+fringing
+teeth
+interlock,
+preventing
+insect's
+escape.
+Then
+exudation
+juice.]
+Wonders
+Instinct"
+Fabre._
+SPIDER
+SUNNING
+HER
+EGGS
+spider,
+Lycosa,
+downwards
+silken
+cocoon--the
+bag
+containing
+eggs--up
+hindmost
+legs.
+assist
+hatching.]
+Reflex
+Actions
+sea-anemones,
+beginnings
+actions,
+reflex.
+laid
+pre-arrangements
+nerve-cells
+muscle-cells
+secure
+frequently
+recurrent
+burrow
+tread
+thrush's
+foot,
+jerks
+hole
+anyone
+"reflex
+action."
+happens?
+Certain
+earthworm's
+skin
+stimulated
+message
+fibres
+intermediary,
+associative,
+nerve-cells.
+shunted.
+nerve-fibres,
+cell,
+muscles,
+contract.
+took
+happen
+describe,
+outline,
+earthworm.
+instantaneously.
+establishing
+enregistering
+chains
+answers
+inborn,
+requiring
+learned.
+brain;
+act,
+nerve-centres
+response
+happens,
+cough
+sneeze
+occasion.
+expression,
+enregister
+responses;
+ascend
+linked
+occurrence
+pulls
+chain.
+insectivorous
+Venus's
+fly-trap
+shuts
+Called
+Tropisms
+illustrated
+"tropisms,"
+obligatory
+makes,
+adjusting
+equilibrium
+gravity,
+currents,
+moisture,
+electricity,
+contact.
+moth
+candle;
+illumined
+inequilibrium
+results,
+muscle-cells;
+automatically
+adjusts
+flight
+illumined;
+candle.
+business
+candle,
+utterly
+artificial
+item
+adapted.
+tropisms
+rôle
+Behaviour
+instinctive
+behaviour,
+perfection
+ants,
+bees,
+wasps.
+inborn
+capacities;
+learned;
+practice
+improved
+both;
+species
+sex
+(for
+female's
+instincts
+male's);
+refers
+importance,
+occur
+lifetime.
+Moth
+emerges
+cocoon
+bell-like
+blossoms.
+flower,
+kneads
+pill-like
+stows
+chin.
+eggs
+seed-box,
+deposit
+stigma
+pollen.
+pollen-tubes
+pollen-nucleus
+ovule,
+seeds,
+fraction
+destroyed
+cradles
+eggs.
+flowers,
+secures
+concatenation
+repertory.
+chain
+compound
+least,
+suffused
+awareness
+backed
+endeavour.
+stereotyped
+departed
+noted
+hive
+wasps
+exhibit
+purely
+occasion
+error
+initiative,
+routine.
+spice
+element.
+intelligent,
+instinct
+"lapsed
+intelligence,"
+habitual
+cease
+control,
+rests
+unproved
+hypothesis
+entailed
+race.
+inspirations
+calculating
+boy
+musical
+plodding
+Animal
+Intelligence
+strict
+sense.
+perceptual
+inference,
+profiting
+learning
+ideas.
+variability;
+adjustable
+hinted
+nonplussed;
+circumstances
+appreciative
+relations.
+experimenting
+ideas,
+_conceptual_
+contrasted
+_perceptual_
+Reason,
+credit
+rational
+conduct,
+reach.
+tentative
+hereditary
+enregistration
+capacities
+effective
+response,
+free,
+chooses,
+adventures.
+masterfulness
+controlled
+agents,
+behaviour--experimenting,
+learning,
+willing--has
+Parental
+Care
+Mammals
+crowning
+trend
+levels--the
+well-advanced
+offspring.
+starfish
+_Luidia_
+year,
+conger-eels
+fishes.
+spawning
+solving
+survival.
+prolific,
+sow
+broadcast
+allows
+infantile
+mortality
+obviates
+necessity
+care.
+problem.
+practise
+survival
+economised
+Herbert
+formulated
+generalisation
+frequency
+attained.
+safety
+young,
+viviparity.
+ones
+liberated
+themselves.
+send-off
+chances
+reduced.
+varied
+foothold
+round.
+archaic
+_Peripatus_,
+severe
+meeting
+environing
+retention
+offspring
+mother,
+fully-formed
+green-flies,
+prolific
+viviparous,
+viviparity
+family.
+flowering
+stands
+viviparity,
+seed
+embryos,
+Viviparity
+finds
+illustrations
+risks
+many,
+climax
+mammals,
+Duckmole
+Spiny
+Ant-eaters,
+lay
+eggs,
+oviparous;
+Marsupials,
+grade,
+prematurely,
+stow
+external
+pouch;
+others--the
+Placentals--show
+ante-natal
+young.
+mastery
+haunts
+progressive
+stimulating
+sea--the
+brightly
+illumined,
+seaweed-growing
+shelf
+Continents.
+littoral
+zone
+propitious
+fresh
+meet,
+oxygenation
+copious
+seaweed
+HOATZIN
+INHABITS
+BRITISH
+GUIANA
+newly
+hatched
+claws
+thumb
+climb
+dexterity
+wings
+sustain
+flight.]
+_Photograph,
+Museum
+(Natural
+History),
+Wilson._
+PERIPATUS
+widely
+caterpillar.
+affinities
+insects.
+velvety
+skin,
+diamond-like
+eyes,
+stump-like
+defenceless,
+weaponless
+capture
+insects
+squirting
+slime
+S.
+Berridge,
+F.Z.S._
+ROCK
+KANGAROO
+CARRYING
+ITS
+YOUNG
+POUCH
+helpless
+suck.
+pouch,
+fitting
+mouths
+teats
+injects
+milk.
+please.]
+haunt
+worse
+tenanted
+representatives
+infusorians
+seashore
+Cradle
+Sea
+open-sea
+pelagic
+includes
+area.
+easiest
+crowding,
+uniformity,
+inexhaustible
+"sea-meadows"
+Algæ.
+reincarnated
+crustaceans,
+utilised
+carnivorous
+turtles
+toothed
+whales.
+picturing
+anchor.
+crabs
+starfishes,
+spend
+youthful
+birthplace
+strength
+honour
+Deeps
+Deep
+Sea,
+abyssal
+area,
+occupies
+cold--an
+eternal
+winter;
+utter
+darkness--an
+night--relieved
+fitful
+gleams
+"phosphorescent"
+pressure--2-1/2
+depth
+2,500
+fathoms;
+calm,
+unbroken
+silence,
+monotony.
+abysses,
+run,
+moribund
+animalcules
+unpromising
+abundantly
+tenanted,
+insurgent
+conquered.
+colonising
+times,
+fauna
+antique
+types.
+colonisation
+food-débris,
+millennium
+millennium,
+slope
+shore.
+Freshwaters
+freshwaters,
+river
+lake,
+pond
+pool,
+swamp
+marsh.
+colonised
+migration
+estuaries
+rivers,
+direct
+brackish
+swamp.
+landlocked
+corners
+turned
+basins.
+freshwaters
+representative,
+diversely
+contingencies--the
+risk
+dried
+up,
+winter,
+floods
+swept
+Conquest
+Dry
+contingents
+freshwaters.
+worm
+invasion,
+fertile
+soil,
+invasion
+air-breathing
+Arthropods,
+linkage
+visitors,
+Amphibians,
+affection.
+invasions,
+minor
+land-snails,
+aquatic
+try
+Getting
+significance.
+capture,
+protected,
+ground.
+_internal
+surfaces_,
+lungs,
+oxygen-capture;
+relatives
+idea--of
+oxygen-combustion,
+tissues.
+branching
+air-tubes
+thorough
+aeration
+impure.
+predominance
+punting,
+pushed
+pressing
+lever
+substratum.
+tended
+compact,
+lifted
+ground
+limbs
+trailing
+jellyfish,
+supported
+earthworms,
+centipedes,
+snakes
+explain,
+burrower
+eats
+centipede's
+legs,
+snake
+pushes
+ventral
+scales
+ribs
+attached.
+Methods
+Mastering
+Difficulties
+Terrestrial
+restriction
+attendant
+plane,
+dimensions.
+surely
+precise,
+unless,
+secured
+finely
+beetle
+lobster
+handicapped
+frost,
+defences
+diverse
+description,
+hairs
+woolly
+caterpillars
+fur
+carapace
+tortoises
+armour
+armadillos.
+ways,
+frogs
+lethargic
+secluded
+retreat.
+anyhow,
+cradle.
+ground,
+devoured.
+burying
+hiding
+nests,
+carrying
+birth.
+family,
+kindly
+emotions.
+consequences
+followed.
+Rischgitz._
+THOMAS
+HENRY
+HUXLEY
+(1825-95)
+zoologists,
+unsurpassed
+gifts
+teacher
+expositor.
+service
+gaining
+education
+popular
+estimation.
+championed
+Evolutionism
+courage
+skill.]
+BARON
+CUVIER,
+1769-1832
+founders
+Comparative
+Anatomy.
+intellect,
+Paris
+youth
+provinces,
+director
+France
+peer
+Empire.
+opposed
+Evolutionist
+anatomical
+genius.]
+VARIOUS
+METHODS
+FLYING
+SWOOPING
+Gull,
+feather-wing,
+flier.
+Fox-bat,
+skin-wing,
+Flying
+Squirrel,
+parachute
+swoop
+fly.
+Fish,
+pectoral
+fins
+volplanes
+leap
+sail
+albatros
+fashion.]
+Finally,
+dwelling
+burrowers
+climbers
+trees,
+returned
+air.
+asked,
+curiosity
+father
+invention.
+overcrowded,
+inveterate
+spirit
+adventure
+spurs
+Conquering
+Air
+Pterodactyls,
+bats.
+successes,
+failures,
+attained
+parachuting.
+Fishes,
+leaps
+yards
+heights,
+taut
+fluttering.
+Frog
+(_Rhacophorus_)
+skims
+branch,
+Dragon
+(_Draco
+volans_)
+Far
+East,
+already.
+Phalangers,
+Lemurs,
+besides,
+attaining
+parachutists,
+realised
+advantages.
+feeding
+evade
+stalking
+carnivore
+air;
+distances;
+situations;
+migrations
+migratory
+Pacific
+Golden
+Plover
+Hawaii
+Alaska
+alone.
+PROCESSION
+AGES
+Record
+established
+succession
+reading
+Record.
+elevated
+depressed
+ocean-troughs,
+buckled
+ranges
+folded
+gentler
+hills
+valleys.
+weathered
+borne
+rivers
+seas,
+elsewhere
+sandstones,
+mudstones,
+rocks.
+Much
+over,
+amounts,
+geologists,
+67
+place,
+time.
+Use
+Fossils
+sediments
+accumulating
+age,
+buried,
+aid
+read
+past.
+piecing
+geologist
+Devonian
+Amphibians.
+utilises
+attempt
+strata
+disarranged.
+fossil
+complex.
+vicious
+here,
+clear,
+amphibians,
+amphibians
+reptiles,
+reptiles
+horses
+elephants,
+historical
+samples
+formed,
+fossils,
+eaten
+library
+damaged
+looting
+decay.
+Geological
+Time-table
+inhabitants
+conveniently
+eras.
+ancient,
+mediæval,
+mankind,
+Palæozoic,
+Mesozoic
+Cenozoic
+eras
+whole.
+Geologists
+taken.
+accumulation
+Dividing
+contributed
+salt-accumulation
+geological
+periods,
+likelihood
+mark.
+_total_
+_local_
+mile.
+annual
+estimated,
+calculated.
+certainty
+reached.
+table
+(page
+92)
+_before
+Cambrian_
+thirty-two
+strata;
+subsequent
+fossil-bearing
+twenty-one
+miles--in
+astounding
+fact.
+allotted
+Pre-Cambrian
+eras,
+eighteen
+Mesozoic,
+Cenozoic,
+grand
+Establishment
+Invertebrate
+Stocks
+Archæozoic
+Proterozoic
+eras)
+fossils.
+(Radiolarians)
+shells
+flint,
+wallowed
+primal
+mud.
+tells
+little.
+Knipe's
+"Nebula
+Man."_
+CAMBRIAN
+PERIOD
+Sponges,
+Jellyfish,
+Starfish,
+Sea-lilies,
+Water-fleas,
+Trilobites]
+TRILOBITE
+Trilobites
+Upper
+Cambrian
+Carboniferous
+descendants
+to-day.
+jointed-footed
+allied
+Crustaceans
+King-crabs.
+roll
+ring-armour.]
+History)._
+GAMBIAN
+MUD-FISH,
+PROTOPTERUS
+breathe
+gills;
+swim-bladder,
+lung.
+_double-breather_,
+season,
+inert
+mud,
+pipe
+fills
+gills
+again.
+Mud-nests
+encasements
+lung-fish
+fish
+lively.]
+ARCHÆOPTERYX
+(_After
+Leche
+Stockholm._)
+restoration
+bird,
+Archæopteryx
+(Jurassic
+Era).
+crow;
+jaws;
+fingers;
+lizard-like
+feathers,
+proving
+bird.]
+WING
+BIRD,
+ARRANGEMENT
+FEATHERS
+longest
+feathers
+primaries
+(PR)
+fingers
+(2
+3),
+palm-bones
+(CMC);
+secondaries
+ulna
+bone
+(U)
+fore-arm;
+tuft
+(AS)
+(TH).]
+partly
+delicate
+build,
+profoundly
+repeatedly
+liable
+obliteration.
+asked
+accumulations
+limestone
+indicate
+calcareous
+algæ,
+iron-forming
+Bacteria.
+Ancient
+graphite
+similarly
+flourished
+Era
+(Palæozoic)
+_Cambrian_
+backboneless
+jellyfishes,
+worms,
+sea-cucumbers,
+lamp-shells,
+trilobites,
+molluscs.
+eloquent
+begun
+F.
+waters.
+_Ordovician_
+representation
+Trilobites--jointed-footed,
+antenna-bearing,
+segmented
+appendages
+chitin.
+died
+Palæozoic
+era.
+Also
+cuttlefishes,
+bullies
+appearance--an
+evolved--destined
+cuttlefishes
+molluscs)
+dominating
+_Silurian_
+apace,
+Silurian
+scorpions,
+ability
+air--by
+surfaces,
+lungbooks.
+Silurian,
+aridity
+mud-fishes
+double-breathers
+(Dipnoi),
+lungs
+gills.
+utilising
+disappears
+lung-fishes
+number,
+Queensland,
+America,
+"living
+fossils,"
+binding
+amphibians.
+adventurous
+pioneer
+scorpion
+PICTORIAL
+REPRESENTATION
+SUCCESSIVE
+STRATA
+EARTH'S
+CRUST,
+WITH
+SUGGESTIONS
+CHARACTERISTIC
+FOSSILS
+E.g.
+Fish
+Trilobite
+(red),
+Amphibian
+(blue),
+Reptiles
+Permian
+(light
+red),
+Mammal
+Triassic
+Bird
+Jurassic
+(yellow),
+Cretaceous
+(white),
+Tertiary
+Quaternary
+mammoth.]
+_Devonian_
+period,
+Old
+Red
+Sandstone,
+periods
+history.
+discoverer
+foot-print
+_Thinopus_,
+foot-print--an
+vestige
+stock
+Amphibians
+sprang,
+While
+feeling
+exuberance
+shark-like
+heavily
+armoured
+LAND
+Coal-measures
+_Carboniferous_
+luxuriant
+swampy
+grounds.
+period;
+summer.
+club-mosses
+horsetails
+pigmy
+invaders
+ran
+riot
+spiders,
+cross-fertilisation
+onwards
+visitors
+hand.
+Cross-fertilisation
+surer
+wind,
+advantageous
+self-fertilisation
+promotes
+fertility
+plasticity.
+_coloured_
+flowers--attractive
+insect-visitors--began
+justify
+beauty
+useful,
+relieve
+monotonous
+horsetail
+club-moss
+forests,
+tracts
+representing
+invasions
+They,
+too,
+preyed
+giants,
+Labyrinthodonts,
+donkeys.
+debris
+forests.
+Ages
+afterwards,
+tap
+energy--traceable
+sunshine
+dies
+itself!
+fitly
+indicating
+implied.
+promiseful
+taxed
+difficulties.
+migrated
+involved
+transition.
+be:
+local
+drying
+water-basins
+untenable;
+congestion
+competition
+quarters;
+undeniable
+well-being
+prompted
+drought,
+over-population,
+adventure.
+non-digitate
+paired
+toes.
+grasping,
+firm,
+putting
+mouth,
+toads,
+newts
+salamanders
+following:
+three-chambered
+heart,
+movable
+tongue,
+drum
+ear,
+lids
+eyes.
+tongue
+tadpole
+muscle-fibres
+recalling
+Gradually,
+frog,
+strength,
+full-grown
+recapitulation
+accomplished
+millennia
+acquisition
+voice,
+due,
+ourselves,
+membranes
+(vocal
+cords)
+stretched
+larynx.
+sound
+noise
+wave,
+thunder
+avalanche.
+Apart
+instrumental
+music
+Carboniferous,
+theirs
+voice--surely
-- 
2.34.1