From e0be898dba791f10aa5ab4b92e639d4d67747521 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jihoonl Date: Thu, 19 Nov 2009 22:01:33 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] more words and more random email generator --- .../Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c | 25 +- .../Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/wordList | 6951 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 6974 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c index 033dcb82..d4a56236 100644 --- a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c +++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/gen.c @@ -1,17 +1,19 @@ #include #include #include +#include #define WORD_FILE "wordList" #define URL_FILE "URLList" #define ACCOUNT_FILE "accountList" #define FILE_NAME "email" -#define NUM_EMAIL 100 +#define NUM_EMAIL 600 char** readList(char* fileName,int* num); void generateEmails(int,char**,int,char**,int,char**,int,char*); void freeList(char**,int); void writeString(FILE* newFile,char* prefix,char** list,int size_list,int* counter); +void shuffle(char** list,int size_int); int main() { @@ -165,11 +167,30 @@ void writeString(FILE* newFile,char* prefix,char** list,int size_list,int* count (*counter)++; - if(*counter == size_list) + if(*counter == size_list) { *counter = 0; + shuffle(list,size_list); + } } +void shuffle(char** list,int size) +{ + int i; + srand(time(NULL)); + int r1; + int r2; + char* tmp; + + for(i =0;i < size;i++) + { + r2 = rand() % size; + + tmp = list[i]; + list[i] = list[r2]; + list[r2] = tmp; + } +} diff --git a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/wordList b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/wordList index 30b25a74..d4525662 100644 --- a/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/wordList +++ b/Robust/src/Benchmarks/Distributed/SpamFilter/emails/wordList @@ -1535,3 +1535,6954 @@ posuere, tempor, semper, auctor. +INTRODUCTION +There +is +abundant +evidence +widened +deepened +interest +modern +science. +How +could +it +be +otherwise +when +we +think +the +magnitude +eventfulness +recent +advances? +But +general +public +would +even +greater +than +if +makers +new +knowledge +were +more +willing +to +expound +their +discoveries +ways +that +"understanded +people." +No +one +objects +very +much +technicalities +game +or +on +board +yacht, +they +are +clearly +necessary +for +terse +precise +scientific +description. +It +certain, +however, +can +reduced +minimum +without +sacrificing +accuracy, +object +view +explain +"the +gist +matter." +So +this +OUTLINE +OF +SCIENCE +meant +reader, +who +lacks +both +time +opportunity +special +study, +yet +take +an +intelligent +progress +science +which +making +world +always +new. +story +triumphs +Man +may +well +proud. +Science +reads +secret +distant +star +anatomises +atom; +foretells +date +comet's +return +predicts +kinds +chickens +will +hatch +from +dozen +eggs; +discovers +laws +wind +bloweth +where +listeth +reduces +order +disorder +disease. +setting +forth +Columbus +voyages, +discovering +worlds +conquering +them +by +understanding. +For +Knowledge +means +Foresight +Power. +idea +Evolution +has +influenced +all +sciences, +forcing +us +_everything_ +as +with +history +behind +it, +have +travelled +far +since +Darwin's +day. +solar +system, +earth, +mountain +ranges, +great +deeps, +rocks +crystals, +plants +animals, +man +himself +his +social +institutions--all +must +seen +outcome +long +process +Becoming. +some +eighty-odd +chemical +elements +earth +to-day, +now +suggestion +these +inorganic +evolution, +element +giving +rise +element, +going +back +primeval +stuff, +originally +derived, +infinitely +ago. +been +so +powerful +tool +fashioning +simple +but +profound +Evolution, +present +child +past +parent +future. +And +picture +continuity +evolution +nebula +systems +comes +promise +increasing +control--a +become +not +only +accurate +student, +complete +master +world. +characteristic +whole +vital +before. +Everywhere +there +passage +static +dynamic. +Thus +revelations +constitution +matter, +owe +men +like +Professor +Sir +J. +Thomson, +Ernest +Rutherford, +Soddy, +shown +dust +complexity +activity +heretofore +unimagined. +Such +phrases +"dead" +matter +"inert" +gone +board. +theory +atom +amounts +almost +conception +universe. +bids +fair +reveal +many +nature's +hidden +secrets. +no +longer +indivisible +particle +was +once +understood +be. +We +know +within +atom--that +what +thought +elementary +dissociated +broken +up. +present-day +theories +comparatively +discovery +such +things +radium, +X-rays, +wonderful +instruments +spectroscope +other +highly +perfected +instruments. +advent +electron +thrown +flood +light +before +dimly +guessed +at. +given +framework +beginning +realise +made +electric +phenomena +mean. +glimpse +vast +stores +energy +locked +up +matter. +tell +about +origin +phenomena, +our +own +planet, +planets, +stars, +sun. +source +sun's +heat; +make +guesses +its +probable +age. +question +to-day +is: +_one_ +primordial +substance +varying +forms +evolved? +electrons +revolutionary +changes +give +entrancing +interest. +As +chemistry +physics, +living +creatures +advances +changed +prospect. +A +good +instance +afforded +"hormones," +messengers, +produced +ductless +glands, +thyroid, +supra-renal, +pituitary, +distributed +throughout +body +blood. +work +physiologists +Starling +Bayliss +messengers +regulate +called +"pace" +body, +bring +regulated +harmony +smoothness +working +health. +too +say +hormones +physiology. +Our +human +surpasses +generation. +persistent +patience +microscopists +technical +improvements +"ultramicroscope" +greatly +increased +invisible +life. +To +bacteria +generation +added +multitude +microscopic +_animal_ +microbes, +causes +Sleeping +Sickness. +life-histories +weird +important +parasites +unravelled; +here +again +mastery. +degree +surpassed +expectations +revelation +intricacy +stones +mortar +house +life, +study +germ-cells +wonderfully +supplemented +epoch-making +experimental +heredity +began +Mendel. +goes +saying +call +educated +does +understand +central +ideas +Mendelism +departures +biology. +procession +life +through +ages +factors +sublime +movement; +peopling +animals +linking +subtle +inter-relations, +those +between +flowers +insect-visitors; +individual +types +extraordinary +results +inquiry +"experimental +embryology"--these +also +among +subjects +deal. +behaviour +another +fascinating +leading +provisional +dawn +mind. +Indeed, +branch +deals +habits--the +truly +devices, +adaptations, +instincts--of +insects, +birds, +mammals. +deny +intelligence +members +animal +world--even +line +reason +sometimes +difficult +find. +Fresh +contacts +physiology +man's +mental +life; +studies +children +wild +peoples; +methods +psycho-analyst +receive +attention +deserve, +"New +Psychology" +claims +psychical +research +recognised +open-minded. +aim +reader +clear +concise +essentials +science, +he +follow +advance +share +appreciatively +continued +conquest +kingdom. +ARTHUR +THOMSON. +I +THE +ROMANCE +HEAVENS +SCALE +UNIVERSE--THE +SOLAR +SYSTEM +naturally +opens +Astronomy. +Universe +astronomer +offers +imperfect; +lines +traces +often +faint +uncertain. +problems +solved, +just +doubt, +notwithstanding +increase +knowledge, +remain +entirely +unsolved. +problem +structure +duration +universe +[said +Simon +Newcomb] +most +far-reaching +mind +Its +solution +regarded +ultimate +stellar +astronomy, +possibility +reaching +occupied +minds +thinkers +civilisation. +Before +considered +imaginative +speculative +point +view. +Although +attack +limited +extent +methods, +admitted +scarcely +taken +first +step +toward +actual +solution.... +What +time? +Is +fitted +last +ever +form, +contain +itself +seeds +dissolution? +Must +course +time, +how +millions +ages, +transformed +into +something +different +is? +This +intimately +associated +whether +stars +form +system. +If +do, +suppose +system +permanent +features; +not, +look +further +conclusions. +Heavenly +Bodies +heavenly +bodies +fall +two +distinct +classes +relation +Earth +concerned; +class, +small +one, +comprises +sort +colony +member. +These +_planets_, +wanderers. +eight +them, +including +Earth, +circle +round +Their +names, +distance +sun, +Mercury, +Venus, +Mars, +Jupiter, +Saturn, +Uranus, +Neptune, +nearest +rarely +naked +eye. +Uranus +practically +invisible, +Neptune +quite +so. +together +constitute, +said, +little +colony; +Solar +System. +second +class +lie +_outside_ +Every +glittering +points +see +starlit +night +immensely +any +member +Yet +ours, +judged +terrestrial +standards, +enormous +distances +another. +shell +shot +straight +side +Neptune's +orbit +five +hundred +years +journey. +distance, +greatest +System +known +(excepting +swing +comets), +insignificant +compared +stars. +One +Alpha +Centauri, +estimated +twenty-five +million +miles +away. +Sirius, +brightest +firmament, +double +earth. +imagine +planets +belong +compact +family +swimming +immense +void. +At +shell, +hundreds, +traverse, +reach +stars--or +rather, +star, +Sun. +planet +live, +mighty +globe +bounded +crust +rock +thickness; +volumes +water +oceans +deeper +hollows +crust. +Above +surface +ocean +gas, +atmosphere, +rises +height +three +miles, +getting +thinner +ascends. +[Illustration: +LAPLACE +mathematical +astronomers +originator +nebular +theory.] +_Photo: +Royal +Astronomical +Society._ +PROFESSOR +C. +ADAMS +who, +anticipating +mathematician, +Le +Verrier, +discovered +calculations +based +irregularities +Uranus. +dramatic +Science.] +& +Fry, +Ltd._ +EDDINGTON +Astronomy +Cambridge. +famous +English +disciples +Einstein.] +FIG. +1.--DIAGRAMS +COMPARATIVE +DISTANCES +PLANETS +(Drawn +approximately +scale) +isolation +great. +On +above +scale +_nearest_ +(at +25 +trillions +miles) +over +_one +half +mile_ +hours, +days, +measures +use +them; +Jupiter's +"Day" +(one +rotation +planet) +ten +_our +hours_; +Mercury's +"Year" +revolution +around +Sun) +eighty-eight +days_. +same. +turns +same +Sun.] +SIZES +SUN +AND +Sun +17-1/2 +inches +diameter; +put +together. +turn, +together.] +Except +winds +high +speed, +seem +live +tranquil +night, +glare +sun +passes +out +move +across +heavens +stately +solemn +slowness. +astronomy +movement +apparent. +apparent +creeping +accounted +fact +upon +axis +every +twenty-four +hours. +When +remember +size +implies +prodigious +speed. +addition +revolves +speed +thousand +minute. +path +year +out, +580,000,000 +miles. +held +closely +gravitational +pull +mass +333,432 +times +moment +ceased +exert +instantly +fly +off +space +direction +moving +say, +tangent. +tendency +tangent +continuous. +balance +keeps +her +circular +orbit. +way +seven +orbits. +Circling +circles +moon. +Sometimes +moon +directly +cuts +us. +then +total +partial +eclipse +moon, +ball +trails +shadow +space, +"eclipsed" +this. +moons +own, +does. +larger +together, +drawn +perish +did +travel +rapidly +gigantic +spinning +axes, +fixed +paths +secondary +bodies, +important, +because +globes +transported +magical +should +accompanying +diagram +(Fig. +1), +except +mere +specks, +faintly +visible +(This +scale.) +moved +still +farther +away, +fade +view, +shrink +fire, +star. +you +begin +realize +nature +_The +suns._ +looks +big +simply +comparative +nearness +stupendous +collection +suns, +planetary +families +ours. +Scale +there? +glance +photograph +star-clouds +impossible +count +them. +fine +reproduced +Figure +2 +represents +patch +pale-white +belt, +Milky +Way, +spans +sky +night. +true +particularly +rich +area +entire +belt +resolved +masses +clouds +Astronomers +counted +typical +districts +there, +counts +get +number +separated +inconceivable +each +other, +mastered, +far, +several +centuries +relative +planets. +discover +is, +latest +measurements, +average +92,830,000 +circle, +varies. +six +months +right +opposite +185,000,000 +away +now. +Viewed +photographed +positions +wide +apart, +show +tiny +"shift" +against +background +enough +mathematician. +He +calculate +near +"shift." +found +recently +trillion +Only +thirty +measuring +heavens. +few +(parallax, +calls +it) +minute +figures +takes +method. +learns +able +deduce +less +accurately +type +faintness. +He, +course, +gauging +light. +result +twenty +field, +Way +least +(100,000,000,000,000,000) +region +universe, +centre. +remainder +outside +System, +spread +apparently, +disc-like +collection, +ray +light, +travels +rate +186,000 +second, +50,000 +end +other. +This, +Are +Universes? +Why +do +"our +universe"? +_the_ +universe? +believed +distinguished +colossal +universes. +By +close +control +other's +movements +gravitation; +might +universes, +sense, +abysses +space. +Probably +are. +familiar +certain +strange +"spiral +nebulæ" +(Fig +4). +shall +later +stage +regard +spiral +nebulæ +"in +making." +eminent +believe +separate +universes--"island-universes" +them--or +collections +peculiarities +lead +nebula, +"other +universes." +Harvard +College +Observatory._ +2.--THE +MILKY +WAY +Note +cloud-like +effect.] +3--THE +MOON +ENTERING +SHADOW +CAST +BY +EARTH +shows +partially +eclipsed.] +_From +Yerkes +Observatory_ +4.--THE +GREAT +NEBULA +IN +ANDROMEDA, +MESSIER +31] +Vast +then, +excessively +comparison +Stellar +Stars, +transcending +anything +apprehend. +let +turn +consider +colony. +Within +large +size, +mass, +planets? +satellites, +Moon, +possess? +temperatures? +sporadic +comets +meteors, +they? +movements? +originate? +itself, +composition, +heat, +running +down? +questions +introduce +concerned +physical +which, +ago, +appeared +inconceivable. +enables +answer +questions, +find +arranged +development--that +stages +life-history. +main +worked +out. +furnaces +temperatures +enormously +high; +conditions +substances +simplest +forms, +thus +enabled +obtain +primitive +(which +refer +immediately) +helped +much. +instrument +composition +see. +"That +detect +millionth +milligram +account +elements, +commands +admiration; +moreover, +measure +velocities +absurdly +cent. +possible +error, +easily +acquiesce +statement +devised +brain +hand +man." +deals. +requires +employment +incredible +refinement +exactitude +full +resources +genius. +Whether +studied, +masses, +distances, +æons +monument +ingenuity, +patience, +rarest +genius, +certainly +grandest, +oldest, +sciences. +include +dependent +circulate +various +deriving +heat +sun--the +moons, +meteors: +words, +whose +determined +Thanks +ingenious +used +astronomers, +remarkable +Look +figure +frontispiece. +sun; +dark +screened +shining +disc +eyes; +silvery +halo +surrounding +orb +side. +"crown" +(corona), +stretching +soft +silvery-looking +light; +probably +sunlight +reflected +particles +dust, +although +corona +detected +anywhere +else +consequence +named +Coronium. +next +notice +illustration +base +red +flames +peeping +edges +disc. +remembers +866,000 +diameter, +hardly +needs +told +really +gigantic. +presently. +Regions +divided +definite +concentric +regions +layers. +layers +envelop +nucleus +somewhat +atmosphere +envelops +vapour +bright +white +seen. +Of +innermost +region, +heart +nothing. +surrounded +brilliantly +luminous +envelope +layer +vaporous +photosphere. +Above--that +overlying--the +photosphere +glowing +gases, +reversing +layer. +cooler +underlying +photosphere; +veil +smoke-like +haze +500 +1,000 +thickness. +third +immediately +lying +chromosphere. +chromosphere +extends +5,000 +10,000 +thickness--a +"sea" +tumultuous +surging +fire. +Chief +gases +hydrogen. +intense +beneath +shines +layer, +overpowering +brilliant +redness. +From +uppermost +portion +fiery +tongues +hydrogen +calcium +shoot +thousands +driven +outward +expulsive +force. +"prominences" +notable +feature +already +referred +to. +During +1919 +rose +hours +130,000 +500,000 +surface. +column +red-hot +four +thickness +soaring +upward +60,000 +hour. +flaming +jets +prominences +shooting +day +eye; +dazzling +obscures +They +observed, +day, +short +during +Some +outbursts +witnessed. +late +described +September +7, +1871, +had +examining +prominence +spectroscope: +remained +unchanged +noon +previous +day--a +long, +low, +quiet-looking +cloud, +dense, +brilliant, +size. +12:30 +p.m. +left +returning +hour +observations, +astonished +flame +shattered +pieces. +filled +flying +debris, +portions +reached +100,000 +Moving +velocity +93,000,000 +perceptible +eye, +fragments +doubled +minutes. +January +30, +1885, +observer, +Tacchini +Rome, +observed +man. +142,000 +miles--eighteen +diameter +Another +supposing +ranged +top +tower +them.[1] +[1] +Romance +Astronomy_, +H. +Macpherson. +5.--DIAGRAM +SHOWING +MAIN +LAYERS +Compare +frontispiece.] +Observatory, +Greenwich._ +6.--SOLAR +PROMINENCES +SEEN +AT +TOTAL +ECLIPSE, +May +29, +1919. +TAKEN +SOBRAL, +BRAZIL. +Corona +visible.] +7.--THE +VISIBLE +SURFACE +Mount +Observatory +Carnegie +Institution +Washington.] +8.--THE +Photographed +hydrogen, +Washington: +vortex +spots +especially +prominent.] +fourth +corona, +fading +sky--this +5) +dispositions +transparent +Surface +Here +photosphere--the +gained +solid +body. +Examination +outer +never +rest. +Small +cloudlets +come +go +rapid +succession, +surface, +contrasts +luminosity, +granular +appearance. +cannot +small. +imply +speak +picturesquely +resembles +boiling +white-hot +metal +vapours. +instrument, +later, +dilutes, +were, +observe +eruptions +"oceans" +gas +constantly +storms. +unimaginable +streams +muscles +blows +shreds, +were. +temperature +appears +surface--the +photosphere--is, +unknown, +careful +calculation +suggests +5,000° +7,000° +interior +vastly +hotter. +exist +there. +Not +obdurate +resist +temperatures, +converted +instantaneously +gas. +pressures +convert +thick +treacly +fluids. +infer +state +beyond +power +reproduce +it. +Sun-spots +areas +sun-spots +appear. +spots--they +contrast +them--are +covering +square +positively +say. +cavities +giant +whirlpools. +Certainly +whirling +vapours +downward +currents +Round +flame. +Perhaps +popularly +somehow +connected +magnetic +storms +manifest +themselves +interruptions +telegraphic +telephonic +communications, +violent +disturbances +mariner's +compass, +exceptional +auroral +displays. +connection +sets +doubted, +spot +corresponding +"magnetic +storm" +effects +surprising +periodic +variations +number. +best-defined +period +eleven +years. +maximum +diminish +minimum, +variation +being +regular. +Now +mean +thing. +deep-seated +fundamental +facts +activities. +Looked +importance +becomes +_Reproduction +"The +Forces +Nature"_ +(_Messrs. +Macmillan_) +AURORA +BOREALIS +aurora +borealis +beautiful +spectacles +sky. +colours +shape +change +instant; +fan-like +cluster +rays, +golden +draperies +gliding +Blue, +green, +yellow, +red, +combine +glorious +display +colour. +still, +part, +obscure, +doubt +related +therefore +electrical +influence +sun.] +learned +appear +rotate +"equatorial" +rotating +quicker +north +south. +forty-five +degrees +equator +seems +days +equator. +confirms +belief +composition? +present, +gaseous +state, +well-known +sodium, +iron, +copper, +zinc, +magnesium; +indeed, +know? +photosphere, +won +purpose +spectroscope; +proceeding +deal +better +describe +instrument. +WONDERFUL +INSTRUMENT +WHAT +IT +REVEALS +analysing +best +fully. +examined +glow, +luminous; +nearly +everything +_is_ +range +waves +lengths. +series +ether, +are--measuring +crest +crest, +say--of +Each +wave-length +corresponds +colour +rainbow. +shortest +sensation +violet +colour, +largest +cause +red. +rainbow, +fact, +natural +spectrum. +(The +meaning +rainbow +moisture-laden +air +sorted +waves, +according +length.) +glass +prism--a +triangular-shaped +piece +glass. +(sunlight, +example) +prism, +rainbow-tinted +colours. +Anyone +effect +kind +cut +glass--the +stopper +wine +decanter, +instance. +If, +instead +catching +eye +coloured +lights +emerge +allow +screen, +pass, +continuous +gradations, +orange, +blue, +indigo, +end. +_In +composed +rays +white._ +split +oxygen +primary +colours, +mentioned. +spectroscope, +spectrum, +are, +spectroscopic +shade +position +That +(corresponding +wave-length) +angle +passing +prism. +position, +denoted +gives +vibrations +constituting +particular +Now, +besides +analysed. +Light +incandescent +way, +separated. +(in +pressure, +etc.) +constant +spectrum +own. +_Each +displays +distinctive +obvious, +therefore, +provides +identifying +substance._ +method +presence +magnesium. +_Yerkes +9.--THE +SUN-SPOT +JULY +17, +1905] +photographs +10.--SOLAR +height. +occurring +October +10, +1910.] +11.--MARS, +5, +1909 +Showing +markings +Polar +Cap.] +12.--JUPITER +belts +cloud +formations.] +E. +Barnard, +13.--SATURN, +November +19, +1911 +rings, +swarms +meteorites.] +known, +raised +incandescence, +reliable +identification +face +owner. +laboratory +remote +makes +difference +reaches +identified +set +waves. +consist +intervals; +peculiar +arrangement +lines. +pass +cool +_same_ +replace +absorbs +emitted +hot +Experiments +enable +cold, +emits +hot. +Crossing +hundreds +explained, +discriminative +absorption +known. +seen, +relatively +vapours--the +constituent +stops +atoms +"stoppages" +register +placed +exactly +been. +explanation +attained, +became +significant +isolate +coolest +places +centres +sun-spots, +alone +fallen +sufficiently +low +compounds +form. +determine +comets, +of. +Unique +Discovery +1868 +Lockyer +coming +attributed +unknown +helium, +Greek +_helios_, +1895 +Ramsay +minerals +spectroscope._ +earth; +long-lost +heir +thrilling +chapter +detective +sensational +stories +feel +built +mentioned +indicates +christened +Measuring +Speed +all; +soon +spectroscope. +speeds +measure, +sight. +Movement +angles +looking +sufficient +easy +detect, +and, +measure. +vision +Yet, +deal, +furnish +data +measurement. +containing, +sodium +towards +slightly +usual +amount +shifting +spectral +direction, +measured +revealed +unmistakably +watched, +of, +tremendous +proof +expect +actually +occur. +SPECTROSCOPE +IS +AN +FOR +ANALYSING +LIGHT; +PROVIDES +MEANS +IDENTIFYING +DIFFERENT +SUBSTANCES +pictorial +illustrates +principal +Spectrum +Analysis, +showing +decomposed +relieved +detail +unduly +obscure +prism +wave-lengths. +magnified.] +DYING? +consideration +patent +astonishing +energy. +Heat +amazing +quantities +pour +ceasing. +Where +from? +Enormous +outwards +Does +argue +fire +earth? +scientist +sure. +burning, +combustion +heat. +Combustion +reaction +atoms. +predictable +measurable. +energy, +nor +indeed +ordinary +kind. +combustible +material +burn +years, +marked +production +advanced. +changes. +instead, +strong +emitting +quantities, +thousands, +throws +age +rather +decrease +wonder +greater. +avoid +issue +merely +gradually +radiating +originated +manner, +things. +Reliable +required +cooling +possibly +run +millions. +subject +steady +renewal. +However +acquired +past, +present. +accretion +due +shrinkage +bulk +under +force +gravity. +Gravity +mysterious +forces +nature, +obvious +behave +attracted +another, +law +attraction. +trying +deeply +things, +attracts +mile +round, +tons +one-mile +drop +all, +obviously +below +inwards, +however +slowly +place! +involved! +require +fifty +completion, +assuming, +reasonably, +relationship +loss +radiation +shrinkage. +Even +need +over-anxious +theory; +cold +support +required. +suggested +falls +meteoric +tenable +hypothesis, +apart +reasons, +undoubtedly +bounds +following +routes +stray +erratic +destined +meet +doom +collision +Recent +radio-active +factor +powerfully +along +gravitation +maintain +store +undergoing +disintegration. +splitting +constituents. +constituents, +them? +"radio-active" +disintegration, +formation, +disintegration--and +radio-active--then +indefinitely. +LIFE +OTHER +WORLDS? +Nothing +liquid +Life +exists +possibilities +limited. +have, +tens +having +reasons +unconvincing. +proportion +survey +extend +rest +considering +rule +Neptune. +intrinsically +Mercury. +sunlit +Mercury +boiling-point, +while +freezing-point. +Planet +Venus +morning +evening +"star," +sight +promising +regards +that, +presents +disadvantage--a +broiling +sunny +bright--the +dense +dust--that +trace +ascertain +axis. +Many +succeeded, +does, +conceive +spite +cloud-screen. +14.--THE +plain +craters. +craters, +explained +page +34.] +15.--MARS +1} +Drawings +Prof. +Lowell +accompany +Mars +2} +canals. +Taken +1907 +Mr. +Slipher +Observatory. +3 +Drawing +6, +1914. +4 +21, +Nos. +1 +planet's +rotation. +depict +sections. +polar +snow-caps +two.] +16.--THE +MOON, +NINE +THREE-QUARTER +DAYS +"rays" +diverging +perfectly +craters +indicated +arrows +(Tycho, +upper; +Copernicus, +lower), +mountains +lunar +breaking +them.] +Mars; +why +speculation +supposed +advanced +Mars? +basis +if, +saw, +down, +smaller +cooled +down +larger, +ahead +development. +did. +Hence, +guess +life-forms +evolved +world, +confidently +tend +intelligence; +disposed +beings +Mars. +argument +supposes +namely +water, +disputed +quantity. +Percival +Lowell, +lifelong +maintained +claimed +beds +vegetation +marking +sites +channels +pipes +"Martians" +draw +ocean. +W. +Pickering, +authority, +thinks +narrow +marshes +fed +moist +poles. +caps +melt +spring, +fringe +grows +broader. +Other +water-vapour +thin +sheets +hoar-frost +frozen +scanty, +great, +fluid +planet. +asks +settle +points, +reminded +nearer +34,000,000 +approaches +fifteen +seventeen +image +photographic +negative +telescope +rely +sensitive +plate. +differences +opinion +sees, +controversy. +August, +1924, +observation, +learn +Already +much-disputed +lines, +people +wrongly +"canals," +traced +photographs. +sceptical +fully +aware +adaptability +climate +pole +pole, +semi-tropical +endure +plenty +Arctic +animals. +came +suppose, +population +adapted +whole, +impossible, +difficulties +code +communication, +"elder +brothers" +flash +problems. +Jupiter +Saturn +Next +Jupiter. +Between +older +wondered +contains +nine +"planetoids," +diameter. +burst +(a +mathematically +satisfactory), +scattered +prevented +uniting +globe. +1,300 +large, +attendance +interesting +note +outermost +revolve +contrary +12) +steam +apparently +red-hot. +tinge +cloud-belts, +(the +"red +spot"), +23,000 +length, +century. +core +seething +case +latitudes +rates. +hot, +self-luminous. +shine +brightly, +own; +reflect +sunlight. +condition. +13) +steam, +vaporisation +necessarily +internal +Like +hours--a +speed--and +swirling, +metallic +gases. +instructive +compare +respect +(to +disputed) +"rings" +so-called +rings +swarm +meteorites--pieces +iron +stone +sorts +sizes, +deep, +stretches +172,000 +volcanic +Others +stuff +combined +eleventh +itself. +Saturn. +faint. +attend +ten-miles-wide +Titan, +Ganymede, +satellite +3,000 +moons? +class. +Dead +World +Fig. +14 +photograph, +telescopes, +part +sense +brings +city +London +dark, +sprawling +blotch +Zeppelin +Diplodocus +speck +none +signs +feeble +Pickering +activity. +believes +vegetation, +order, +soil +retain +speaks +occasional +snow. +succeeded +persuading +observers +slight +taking +place +17.--A +MAP +CHIEF +PLAINS +CRATERS +plains +seas: +hence +name +"Mare."] +18.--A +DIAGRAM +STREAM +METEORS +PASSING +THROUGH +THEM] +19.--COMET, +1908 +Notice +tails. +(See +below.)] +20.--COMET, +3, +tails +counted.] +absence +story. +shadows +hard +black. +appreciable +gradual +shading +effects. +sounds +meteor +shattering +noise. +Nor +herald +"shooting +star," +entering +earth's +atmosphere. +floating +scent, +twilight, +blue +sky, +twinkling +black +seizing +eclipses, +hope +lifetime, +landscape +scenery +vegetation. +twenty-seven +fourteen +sink +absolute +followed +instant +twilight +daylight. +bear +diffusion +way. +follow, +moon's +enormously. +melting +ice. +Seeing +check +radiation. +gets +radiate +immediately. +amongst +coldest +tops +mountains, +reared +farthest +sheltering +blanket +moot +point. +freezing-point +boiling-point +water. +Mountains +lack +"craters" +pit +meteorites, +planetoids, +splashed +soft. +remains +bubbles +"skin," +molten, +below. +supposed, +extinct +volcanoes. +generally +deep +cups, +whereas +ring-formations +shallow +broad +saucers. +Clavius, +123 +interior, +encircling +rampart +high. +16) +height, +extraordinarily +gaunt +rugged. +fountains +lava, +rising +26,000 +27,000 +feet. +Apennines +steep +peaks. +continually +worn +frost +acting +moisture +ice +agencies +operating +"everlasting +hills." +precisely +dead +globe, +evolve +proceeded +lowly +lingering +pools +heavy +expanding +blaze +rigid +COMETS +conclude +word +stars," +comets. +streak +suddenly +overhead +entered +burned +friction. +travelling +perhaps, +second. +seventy +eighty +heads +offer +serious +friction +raise +dissipated, +vapour. +Millions +Meteorites +meteorites +enter +cremated, +Most +weigh +ounce +two, +invisible. +ton +more, +acts +"torpedo-net." +doing +damage. +"empty +space" +limits +fishes +seas. +fishes, +either +solitary +gregarious. +bit +cosmic +rubbish +meteorite, +examined. +"social" +group +essential +comet. +nucleus, +head +comet +19) +consists +swarm, +wide, +pieces +stone. +influence, +forced +comet, +tail. +crowded +meteors +approach +increases. +vapour-like +fierce +sweeps +ever-lengthening +Whatever +travelling, +tail +Great +Comet +vapoury +length +1843 +long. +thinnest +imaginable. +Twice +nineteenth +century +passed +nothing +felt. +attenuated +white-hot. +lit +be, +dashes +more. +monarch +summon +journey +throne. +21.--TYPICAL +SPECTRA +Six +spectra. +common, +met +spectra +conditions.] +22.--A +NEBULAR +REGION +SOUTH +ZETA +ORIONIS +projection +"dark +matter" +cutting +behind.] +Astrophysical +Victoria, +Columbia._ +23.--STAR +CLUSTER +HERCULES +us.] +STELLAR +UNIVERSE +immensity +Universe, +apprehension. +perhaps +one. +such, +Betelgeux, +measured, +300 +Stars +similarity +Matter, +says +essentially +everywhere, +visits +incalculable, +"fire-mist" +nebulæ. +keep +starting-point, +figment +imagination. +Hundreds +nebulæ, +vaster +irregular +nebulous +largely +speculation. +Possibly +reconciled. +applies +extinction. +quarter +analysed +correspond +21). +Age +roughly +white. +temperature, +hottest. +youngest, +grow +yellowish, +finally +invisible--just +do. +stars; +oldest +youngest. +formed +diffuse +dull-red +contracts +mutual +particles, +acquires +yellowish +tinge. +continues +contract +hotter +until +contraction +stop, +heating +Further +accompanied +cooling, +again, +inverse +order. +cools +yellow +denser +Consequently +called, +appropriately, +Giants +Dwarfs. +theory, +American +astronomer, +N. +Russell, +successful +explaining +variety +consequently +true. +received +satisfactory +answers. +commonly +accepted +theory. +THEORY +Nebulæ +dim +patches +heavens, +wisps +smoke +cases +else. +Both +photography +numerous, +large. +Actual +dimensions +given, +estimate +definitely +approximately, +cases. +staggering. +stretch +convenient +unit +cross +nebula. +suggesting +earlier +other; +know. +extremely +rarified +convey +adequate +rarity +residual +vacuum +tube +comparison. +cubic +inch +pressure +contained +faintest +dimmed +sure +luminous. +Whence +derive +luminosity +exposed +terrific +electrification, +borealis, +fit +better. +"fire-mists," +described, +born. +action +gravity +far-flung +"fire-mists" +condense +density, +process. +condensation +slow, +sudden +irruption +hasten +matters +providing +ready-made +condensation. +Spiral +contracting +throw +streamers, +spiral, +centre +knots +lumps +condensed +arms. +Besides +formless +"spiral" +development, +angles--that +us, +others +edge +on, +intermediate +positions. +appears, +striking +confirmation +hypothesis. +fast. +controversy +comparable +structures, +represent +condensation, +birth +huge +agglomerations +stars--to +clusters +least. +enigmatic +invented +Laplace +universal +acceptance. +grave +difficulties, +investigated, +hold +opinions +reserve. +probable, +developed +24.--THE +ORION +impressive +inconceivably +system.] +Lick +25--GIANT +SPIRAL +NEBULA, +March +23, +1914 +on. +arms +emerging +directions. +flowing +nucleus? +directions +nucleus.] +BIRTH +DEATH +STARS +Variable, +New, +Dark +Stars: +Dying +Suns +"variable +stars" +dullest +dying +suns. +varies +periodically +weeks, +speculate +molten +bursts +gathering +saw +variable +sort, +when, +illumination +place. +Algol, +Algol +Modern +circulating +common +centre, +fainter +companion +"eclipse." +something, +"selenium-cell," +plate, +registers +alive. +pair +Death +Birth +positive +star! +tending +death, +behold +conceivable +presume +dead. +hand, +"running +down." +writers +this, +finite +infinite, +temporal +eternal; +declines +guide +him. +knows +myriads +future, +concedes +forming +ether +last, +interesting, +"new +star." +event +announce +years; +portentous +imagines +reported +daily +paper. +1901, +"blaze" +occurred +death +Luther! +conflagration +speeding +outbreak +stupendous. +petroleum +fired +distance. +hundredfold +days. +considerable +fascination +resurrection +renewing +happens +registered +charts, +perceive +highest +brilliancy. +outpour +sinks +after +months, +reconverted +collided +approached +page. +rushed +part) +vaporised +considerable, +prefer +blazing +existed. +tempting +incomplete. +content, +proud, +analyse +outflame +SHAPE +OUR +Nebula +dimensions? +ask. +asking +insect, +single +leaf +midst +Brazilian +forest, +forest. +ingenuity +proved +equal +question, +similar +adopted +insect. +Suppose, +instance, +forest +shaped +elongated +oval, +insect +lived +tree +oval. +trees +equally +spaced +oval +width. +guided +determining +Way. +numerous +sparseness +plane +south +lens, +situated +lens. +remoter +edge, +altogether, +lies +All +motion +motions +random. +majority +groups +drifting +stream +thoroughly +mixed; +inner +universes +(Figs. +26) +spirals +features +said +remarkable. +Coma +Berenices +edge-on +lens-shaped +middle +flattened +Canes +Venatici +facing +irresistibly +motion, +central, +portion, +streaming +Again, +altogether +considerations, +possess +double-armed +structure. +absorbing +(see +22) +mottled +appearance +edge-on) +Berenices. +increases +calculated +independent +comprehension. +formation +arm +band +reference +text +resemblance +universe.] +100-INCH +TELESCOPE, +MOUNT +WILSON +reflecting +telescope: +mirror +telescope.] +approximate +revision. +"light-year" +cover +year.] +outline +touched +debatable +engage +astronomers. +controversial +stage; +convince +whatever +future +holds +store, +constitutes +fabric +knowledge. +ASTRONOMICAL +INSTRUMENTS +Telescope +finest +mechanical +skill +observatory +score, +stand +pre-eminent +astronomy. +exist. +dispute +constructed; +astronomical +dates +Italian +Galileo, +imperfect +invention, +chief +satellites +binoculars +superior +early +Galileo's, +construction, +erected +Wilson, +California, +exciting +progress. +historic +interest: +era +telescopes +begins +construction +underwent +unprecedented +An +countries +race +produce +rivalry +methods. +partisans +_refractors_ +_reflectors_, +mention, +briefly, +principles +employed +each. +_refractor_ +ordinary, +telescope. +consists, +essentially, +lens +tube, +eye-piece, +function +act +collects +proportional +focus +produces +image, +eye-piece +magnifies +image. +_reflector_, +bottom. +focus, +whence +led +eye-piece. +refractor +reflector +differ +chiefly +manner +powerfulness +depends +light-gatherer. +gathered +_area_ +_square_ +existence +_reflectors_. +easier +construct +lens; +cheaper. +likely +irregularity +distorting +handle +reflector. +refractors +made, +Yerkes' +refractor, +reflector, +California. +feet +inches. +YERKES +40-INCH +REFRACTOR +_refracting_ +weighs +pounds, +mammoth +62 +12,000 +pounds. +parts +22 +tons. +_100-inch +reflector_ +telescope--the +_reflecting_ +world--weighs +9,000 +pounds +100 +_72-inch +Dominion +B. +C., +4,500 +35 +tons.)] +Shepstone._ +DOUBLE-SLIDE +PLATE +HOLDER +ON +REFRACTING +TELESCOPE +"finder"; +field +restricted +recognise, +surveyed. +selected.] +MODERN +DIRECT-READING +(_By +A. +Hilger, +Ltd._) +brought +telescope, +resulting +device +whereby +instruments, +heightened. +allowing +plate +Nowadays +seldom +spends +glued +puts +advantage +builds +impressions. +stare +With +impressions +accumulating. +passes, +impression +affecting +visible. +reveals +telescopes. +Telescopes +discussing, +exploring +mounted +_equatorially_; +inclined +pillar +parallel +pillar, +effected +clock-work, +adjusted +clock-work +started, +desired. +official +observatory, +Greenwich +Paris, +_transit_ +equatorials +facility +movement, +exquisite +refinements, +measurements. +compilation +_Nautical +Almanac_. +allowed +drift +vision, +crosses +wires +recorded. +Owing +fixity +constructed +record +_positions_ +accuracy +flexible +mounting +equatorials. +recording +transit +dry +work; +spectacular +absent; +treated +points. +observations +publications +Almanac_ +_Connaissance +du +Temps_ +robbed +importance. +Spectroscope +learnt +domain +Unless +dispersion +obtained. +desirable, +analytical +work, +dispersion--that +separation +spectrum--should +possible. +using +prisms, +dispersive +prisms +employed, +final +considerable. +absorbed +unless +strong, +decipher. +obtaining +_diffraction +grating_ +ruled +diamond +falling +constituents +diffraction +grating +work. +inch, +accuracy. +list +prepared, +analysis +straightforward. +practice, +simple. +conditions. +observing, +difference, +laborious +tasks +spectroscopist +disentangle +Simple +outlines, +spectroscopy +reality, +intricate +branches +BIBLIOGRAPHY +books +useful +readers +wishing +pursue +Astronomy.) +BALL, +Story +Heavens_. +Sun_. +FORBES, +_History +Astronomy_. +HINCKS, +_Astronomy_. +KIPPAX, +_Call +Stars_. +LOWELL, +_Mars +Canals_. +_Evolution +Worlds_. +MCKREADY, +_A +Beginner's +Star-Book_. +NEWCOMB, +_Popular +Study +Universe_. +OLCOTT, +_Field +Book +PRICE, +_Essence +SERVISS, +_Curiosities +Skies_. +WEBB, +_Celestial +Objects +Common +Telescopes_. +YOUNG, +_Text-Book +General +II +STORY +EVOLUTION +INTRODUCTORY +BEGINNING +EARTH--MAKING +HOME +LIFE--THE +FIRST +LIVING +CREATURES +Evolution-idea +master-key +doors. +interpretation +throwing +Everything +antiquity, +it--a +_natural +history_, +is. +"understand +measure," +_fact_ +discern +_factors_ +evolution-idea +old, +philosophers, +equipment. +everyday +intellectual +tool. +applied +animals; +extended +himself; +language, +folk-ways, +institutions. +uranium +radium +stable +complete. +evolution. +extension +without. +alongside +brains +feelings +emotions, +Organic +principle; +process--a +becoming. +inter-relations +arisen +knowable +preceding +affairs +simpler, +simpler +backwards +till +lose +clues +mist +hangs +life's +beginnings. +represented +_the +throughout_ +distribution +clearer +genesis. +Similarly, +institutions +now, +government +cities. +works +purpose, +ideals +controlling +actions +guiding +achievements, +old +processes +becoming +conscious +agent. +genesis +civilisation +organic +development +kept +individual, +chick +egg, +racial +change, +successive +steps +distinctively +individualities +arise, +root, +flourish, +sometimes, +sooner +originative +stock. +domesticated +breeds +pigeons +poultry +evolutionary +origins +Rock +Dove +Jungle +Fowl; +Wild +Nature +ancestral +stocks +extinct, +unknown. +going, +appearing +disappearing, +long-drawn-out +music. +Rischgitz +Collection._ +CHARLES +DARWIN +Greatest +naturalists, +current +coin, +_Origin +Species_ +(1859) +new.] +LORD +KELVIN +physicists +20,000,000 +disposal, +discoveries, +resulted +increased.] +GIANT +Laplace's +nebulæ.] +Natural +History +Museum._ +METEORITE +WHICH +FELL +NEAR +SCARBOROUGH, +NOW +TO +BE +NATURAL +HISTORY +MUSEUM +56 +lb., +"stony" +i.e., +aerolite.] +Beginning +language +"In +beginning," +condition +arise +went +qualify +phrase, +legitimately +inquire +beginning. +for. +pre-material +Mind," +expressing +express +truth, +BEYOND +SCIENCE. +Nebular +Hypothesis +grandest +pictures +screen +Hypothesis. +According +(1796), +uniformly +world-cloud +shrinking +gave +ring, +broke +ring +formed. +persisted +spoke +Kant +anticipated +forty-one +before, +caution: +"conjectures +distrust +observation +ought +inspire." +Subsequent +justified +distrust, +original +gaseous. +Moreover, +revolving +pictures. +pointed +(1890) +day; +voluminous; +grown! +meteoritic +contributions +undoubted, +attract +difficulty +collecting +nucleus. +erratic, +hither +thither +unit-bodies. +Chamberlin +says, +"meteorites +characteristics +wreckage +organisation +parentage +system." +Several +propounded +favour +eyes +authorities +Moulton. +attraction +included, +heaved +knotted +"knots," +served +drawing +clutches. +bolt +escaped +orbits +"planetesimals" +planetesimals +food +subsequently +fed. +Growth +newborn +earth--the +"earth-knot" +Chamberlin's +theory--had +5,500 +grew +8,100 +growing +period. +Since +shrunk, +shrinkages +buckling +7,918 +varied. +slow +internally +crust, +assortment +lighter +materials +heavier +down. +continents +materials, +granites, +basalts. +land +sea, +sea +land, +probability +distinction +stage. +lithosphere +been, +with, +young +accumulate +surface--before, +hydrosphere. +rain +dissolving +saline +salt. +weathering +grounds +ancient +furnished +sandstones +mudstones +sedimentary +rocks, +all. +Making +Home +callous, +rough-and-tumble +replaced +germination +growth +tender +plant +LIFE. +tough +creatures, +organism +ill +suited +violence. +mild +gentle +reactions. +Hence +planetesimal +blanketing +intensities +radiance +without, +inequalities +within. +preparation +free +oxygen. +lakelets, +lakes +waters +covered +life--water, +dissolve +concentration +liquid; +summer +readily +evaporate +pond, +winter +freeze +extent; +mobile +vehicle +cleaver +substances; +80 +significance +abundance +carbon, +carbonic +acid +water) +unique +_ensemble_ +properties--ready +reactions +relations, +diversity +possible, +favouring +plastic +permeable +build +creatures. +idea, +inanimate +friendly +home +Origin +Living +Creatures +chapters +history, +creature +neither +Therefore +follows +uncertain, +date, +how, +possibilities. +_Reproduced +Smithsonian +Report, +1915._ +LIMESTONE +CANYON +fossils +GENEALOGICAL +TREE +ANIMALS +relations +divided. +scheme +admittedly +provisional.] +AMOEBA +(Greatly +magnified.) +amoeba +hint +ancestors. +greyish +jelly, +1/100th +mud +weeds +ponds, +engulfs +out-flowing +lobes +(PS). +vacuole +(FV) +ingested +food. +contractile +(CV) +waste +discharged. +N +GR, +granules.] +favourite +forecloses +that. +"Ignoramus": +"Ignorabimus." +Helmholtz, +Lord +Kelvin, +others, +elsewhere, +cracks +meteorite +dust. +remembered +survive +prolonged +exposure +temperatures; +spores +temperature; +germs +"latent +life" +drought +Berthelot, +molecular +disintegration +activities +suspended +afterwards +recommence +appropriate +restored. +Therefore, +impossible. +limitation +Kelvin's +shifts +organisms +(i.e. +creatures) +elsewhere. +emerged +not-living +material, +e.g. +semi-fluid +carbon +activated +ferments. +tenability +achievements +synthetic +chemists, +artificially +oxalic +acid, +salicylic +caffeine, +grape-sugar. +know, +Nature's +clever +chemist, +complexity. +Corpuscles +atoms, +molecules, +molecules +ones. +Various +concrete +suggestions +dealt +chapter. +spontaneous +generation; +pre-existing +kind; +fancied, +flaws +experimenting. +thing +accept +verdict +"omne +vivum +e +vivo" +experiment +exception +chemists +surpassing +themselves, +egg +artificially, +affect +outlook +though +appreciation +libelled +ago +real +born +sunshine, +vital, +groaning +travailing +intelligible. +First +Organisms +or, +found, +one-celled +animalcules, +Protists, +sure, +globules +unlike +air, +dissolved +salts. +marine +manufacture +chlorophyll, +green +pigment +utilise +dioxide +building +(photosynthesis) +sugars +starch. +units +encased +cell-wall +cellulose, +boxed-in +expressed +undulatory +lash +flagellum, +propelled +energetically +mostly +them--simple +plants--paint +tree-stems +paving-stones +wet +weather. +teemed +flagellates--the +originators +Vegetable +Kingdom. +tack, +predatory +salts, +devouring +neighbours. +closed +naked, +protoplasm +changeful +processes, +Amoebæ +ditch +blood +corpuscles +amoeboid +cells. +Protists +arisen. +minute, +worth +remembering +spectator +lamented +seas +teeming. +Huxley +Biology +section +STEPS +PLANTS--THE +ANIMALS--BEGINNINGS +BODIES--EVOLUTION +SEX--BEGINNING +Contrast +Plants +Animals +about, +forking +genealogical +Animals--the +parting +Nature. +Typical +chlorophyll; +feed +level +photosynthesis. +cells +boxed +cellulose +walls, +opportunities +motility +restricted. +nutritive +need, +income. +ready +rid +nitrogenous +helps +sluggish. +Animals, +level, +carbohydrates +(e.g. +starch +sugar), +fats, +proteins +gluten, +albumin, +casein) +manufactured +plants. +wall +kind, +unrestricted. +weight +fractions +ratio +upbuilding, +constructive, +down-breaking, +disruptive, +respective +animal. +munitions +laboriously +explode +locomotion +animate +photosynthesis +1917_ +PIECE +REEF-BUILDING +CORAL, +BUILT +UP +LARGE +COLONY +SMALL +SEA-ANEMONE-LIKE +POLYPS, +EACH +FORMS +FROM +SALTS +SEA +SKELETON +OR +SHELL +LIME +corals, +beautiful, +skeleton +creatures.] +Ward, +F.E.S._ +INSET +CIRCLE +SHOWS +GROUP +CHALK-FORMING +ANIMALS, +FORAMINIFERA, +ABOUT +SIZE +VERY +PIN'S +HEAD +chalk +cliffs +Dover +deposits +floor +sea. +ENORMOUSLY +ENLARGED +ILLUSTRATION +THAT +COMMON +FORAMINIFER +(POLYSTOMELLA) +CENTRE +OUTFLOWING +NETWORK +MATTER, +ALONG +GRANULES +ARE +CONTINUALLY +TRAVELLING, +FOOD +PARTICLES +ENTANGLED +DRAWN +permission +Museum_ +(_after +Max +Schultze_).] +explosive +products, +ashes +usually +got +effectively, +kidney +filters, +clog +deposited +crystals +like, +Sluggish +sea-squirts +kidneys +exceptions +prove +rule, +statements +statements. +animal, +sedentary +sponges, +zoophytes, +sea-squirts, +plant, +shoots +roots +leaves, +occasionally +flower. +tree, +i.e. +divergence +depended +higher +kingdom, +mankind. +continuance +civilisation, +upkeep +supply +breathe, +depend +silent +laboratories +help +salts +bread +Beginnings +Land +consisted +Flagellates +Open +Sea. +elevations +depressions +sea-floor, +substratum +vegetation--a +momentous +successes. +land. +spoken +ancestors +shore +seaweeds, +lowest +tide +wade +cautiously +jungle +occasions +_This_ +primeval. +Protozoa +zoophytes +sponges +Protozoa. +"First +Animals," +simplicity +complicated +primitive. +Though +microscopic, +bodily +attributes +manifested +ourselves. +cells, +tissues, +organs, +acceptation +structure, +exceeding +tissues +body-making. +Protozoa, +safe +establishment +Protozoa: +(_a_) +active, +Infusorians, +slipper +animalcule, +night-light +(Noctiluca), +phosphorescent +deadly +Trypanosome, +(_b_) +sluggish, +parasitic +Sporozoa, +malaria +mosquito +introduces +(_c_) +active +passive, +Rhizopods, +successful; +chalk-forming +Foraminifera +exquisitely +flint-shelled +Radiolarians +open +counterparts +multicellular +phagocytes +migrate +engulfing +digesting +intruding +bacteria, +serving +sappers +miners +performing +offices. +Body +naturalist +Louis +Agassiz +biggest +gulf +unicellular +(Protozoa +Metazoa). +bridged +stinging +worms +evolved, +showed, +"body." +evolution! +knows, +obscure. +Protozoon +divides +multiplying, +daughter-units +float +lives. +coherent. +Volvox, +ball, +canals +body! +"colony-making" +Protozoon, +component +division +labour. +kernel +nuclei +cell. +Giant +Amoeba +(Pelomyxa), +duck-ponds, +Opalina, +lives +hind +frog's +food-canal. +gather +nuclei, +_that +body_. +labour +egg-cells +sperm-cells +body-cells. +evolved. +Two +noticed, +body-making +many-celled +Wheel +Animalcule +Rotifer +bigger +Protozoon. +Rotifer--we +thinking +Hydatina--has +odd +Volvox. +Secondly, +_every +sponge +multiplies +"single +cell,"_ +fertilised +egg-cell. +cell +develops +earthworm +butterfly, +eagle, +man; +inheritance, +fruition +condensed; +creature, +budding +starts +coherence +daughter-cells +egg-cell +reminiscence, +Sexual +Reproduction +freshwater +Hydra, +duckweed +budding. +daughter-buds, +images +itself; +nutrition +daughter-buds +free. +sea-anemone +divide +parts, +asexual +reproduction, +multiplication +dividing +portions, +liberating +sperm-cells. +Among +plants, +reproduction +common. +disadvantages, +apt +physiologically +expensive, +beset +labour, +bound +unity. +Thus, +bee +bird +multiplying +suffered +injury +deterioration, +handed +_Photos: +PLANT-LIKE +ANIMAL, +ZOOPHYTE, +CALLED +OBELIA +Consisting +polyps, +tentacles +enlarged +lower +photograph.] +Quart. +Journ. +Mic. +Sci."_ +TRYPANOSOMA +GAMBIENSE +(Very +widespread +dangerous +maladies +rise. +man, +infected +bite +Tse-tse +carries +parasite +host.] +VOLVOX +Volvox +like. +suggest +_multicellular_ +_different_ +functions. +(marked +lashes +flagella. +Daughter +colonies +inside +Parent +4, +2. +1.] +PROTEROSPONGIA +illustrating +sperm-cells, +body-cells; +collared +lashed +margin +in. +indubitable +begun.] +Splitting +old-fashioned +method, +namely, +sexual +reproduction. +body-building +(by +egg-cell) +units, +germ-cells_, +continuing +inheritance +_These +reproductive +mature +animal_; +advantages +(1) +started +expensively, +shed +cradle +(2) +start +once, +struggle +keen, +parental +care +(3) +prejudicially +affected +disadvantageous +dints +impressed +parent--little +peculiarly +penetrating +consequences, +poisons. +(4) +implied +germ-cells--the +ovum +egg-cell, +legacy +yolk; +spermatozoon +sperm-cell, +fluids +securing +change-provoking +cross-fertilisation. +Sex +differentiation +physiological +types, +male +sperm-producer +female +egg-producer. +constitution, +leads +develop +male, +beside +nest, +female. +Riddle, +male-producing +female-producing +yolk-forming +characters. +sea-urchins +superficially +indistinguishable, +ovaries +testes. +organs +gonads +only, +intimate +doubtless +routine +(metabolism). +cases, +superficial +sexes, +everyone +peacock +peahen, +stag +hind. +ovum-producer, +saturates +expresses +masculine +feminine +structures +modes +behaviour. +expression +characters +carried +trigger +antler +wattle +decorative +plume +capacity +vocal +saltatory +display. +latent +features, +ovary. +deep-rooted, +gearing, +clear-cut. +hen-pigeon +masculine, +cock-pigeon +feminine. +degree, +inevitableness +death? +Sequoia +"Big +Tree" +California +eventually +died. +centenarian +tortoise +sixty +age; +die. +inevitable +stoppage +life? +end, +devoured +killed +extreme +surroundings. +enters +habitat, +associations +organisms, +invaded +microbe +unaccustomed +resistance. +"live-and-let-live" +compromise +arrived +fatal, +cost +bitten +tse-tse +infects +him +Trypanosome) +troublesome +host +vigorous, +upper +"grouse +disease," +fatal. +microbic +(or +parasitic) +death. +price +paid +furnishings +wear +tear +accumulate. +works--the +laboratory. +rejuvenescence, +rest, +repair, +reorganisation, +senescence, +victory +ageing. +expensiveness +eels, +illustrate +nemesis +starting +exempt +recuperate +repair; +bad +debts. +inexpensive +physiologically. +immortality +shared +Hydra +Planarian +worms. +evading +staving +Paloloworm +coral-reefs +breaks +germ-cells, +head-end +crevice +coral, +buds +leisure. +Along +avoiding +welfare +species, +punctuation +life-history +suit +GREEN +HYDRA +polyp, +crown +mouth. +bud, +tentacle +touches +latter +paralysed +mouth.] +EARTHWORM +Earthworms +profitable +habit +front, +bilateral +symmetry.] +ILLUSTRATING +INDIVIDUAL +1. +immature +_sperm_-cell, +chromosomes +(nuclear +bodies) +rods. +chromosomes. +3. +_egg_-cell, +curved +bodies. +4. +5. +fertilises +ovum, +introducing +6. +chromosomes, +paternal +maternal +origin. +7. +equator, +longitudinally. +centrosome +introduced +centrosomes, +play +segmentation +egg. +8. +chromosomes.] +1917._ +GLASS +MODEL +SEA-ANEMONE +tubular +sea-anemone, +flower +obvious. +lassoes +feeds +captured +food.] +THIS +DRAWING +BRAIN +FISH +MAN +Cerebrum, +seat +intelligence, +parts. +mammals +convoluted. +brain, +birds +shows.] +Acquisitions +sea-anemones +jellyfishes +symmetry +radial; +left, +halved +planes. +symmetry. +side, +halves +strenuous +radial +show; +pursuing +food, +enemies, +chasing +mates. +_with +head-brains_, +worm-types. +acquisitions +notice: +well-developed +sense-organs, +surfaces +digestive +absorptive +food-canal, +quickly +striped +muscle +muscular +appendages, +distributing +medium +contribute. +acquisition, +confined +(so +known) +backboned +glands +secretion, +thyroid +supra-renal. +manifold +regulating +harmonising +processes. +hormones, +stimulate +activity; +chalones, +brake. +alter +waiting +trigger-pulling. +proper +milk-glands +mammalian +mother +awakened +dormancy. +INCLINED +PLANE +ANIMAL +BEHAVIOUR +emergence +ages--the +called--it +Mind +time--Man's +inheritance. +birth, +partnership +offspring, +sleep, +unborn +child. +wonderful. +embryo +nervous +mentality +outside, +potentiality +it--whatever +means--resides +first. +thinking, +feeling, +experience, +senses, +implicit +germ-cell +genius +miserable +specimen +infant. +race--there +aspect +creature's +finger +say: +conclusion +wherever +mind--even +Or +aspect. +OKAPI +GIRAFFE +Okapi +zoölogical +discoveries. +Giraffe's +1900 +Harry +Johnston +Africa, +forests +immemorial.] +book +accumulates +potential +proceeds +expend +explosive, +environment. +self-preservative +fashion, +burns +consumed +explodes +blown +bits. +concern +shorter +period--its +expended +ineffectively +self-destructively +eliminated +existence. +explores +corner +microscope, +behaving +dog +scouring +permissible +endeavour +strengthened +pursues +amoeba, +overtakes +loses +recaptures +animalcule +potassium +pill +fizzing +basin +lurching +gun +loose +"taken +charge" +ship. +locomotor +individuality: +swim, +spiral. +world; +acted +influences +environment; +shield: +environment +organism; +recognise +sides +living, +missing +fail +advantageously +environment, +influences, +shutting +profitless +stimuli, +opening +gateways +bird's +finer +earthworm's; +worm. +Trial +Error +Method +spontaneity +likewise +react +effectively +stimuli. +"answers +back," +several, +Slipper +Animalcule, +reverses +cilia +sphere +disturbing +retreats, +turning +tentatively, +line. +misses +good; +strikes +tactics +repeated +stimulation +proves +enregistered +alternative +tried +trial-and-error +struck. +satisfaction, +trial +profits +experience +first, +learning. +SIMPLE +REFLEX +ARC +BACKBONELESS +LIKE +sensory +nerve-cell +(S.C.) +receives +stimulus. +stimulus +sensatory +nerve-fibre +(S.F.) +nerve-cord. +contact +(SY^{1}) +associative +communicating +(A.C.). +(SY^{2}) +dendrites +motor +(M.C.). +impulse +command +cylinder +nerve-cell. +ends +muscle-fibre +(M.F.) +moves +reflex +complete.] +(_Natural +History_). +YUCCA +MOTH +Yucca +Moth, +cocoon, +flies +pollen +stamens, +holding +mouth-parts. +She +lays +seed-box. +After +she +tip +pistil, +fertilisation +ovules +pod. +Britain +Moths.] +Diagram +creature. +implying +initiative; +automatic. +_Upper +Side._--I. +Energetic +actions. +II. +tentatives. +III. +Trial-and-error +IV. +Non-intelligent +experiments. +V. +Experiential +"learning." +VI. +Associative +VII. +Intelligent +VIII. +Rational +conduct +(man). +_Lower +Side._--1. +Reactions +Enregistered +Compound +Tropisms. +rhythms. +instincts. +Chain +9. +Instinctive +intelligence. +10. +Subconscious +cerebration +(man).] +VENUS' +FLY-TRAP +captures +prey +trap +leaf. +induced +snap +bristle. +lighting +hairs, +fringing +teeth +interlock, +preventing +insect's +escape. +Then +exudation +juice.] +Wonders +Instinct" +Fabre._ +SPIDER +SUNNING +HER +EGGS +spider, +Lycosa, +downwards +silken +cocoon--the +bag +containing +eggs--up +hindmost +legs. +assist +hatching.] +Reflex +Actions +sea-anemones, +beginnings +actions, +reflex. +laid +pre-arrangements +nerve-cells +muscle-cells +secure +frequently +recurrent +burrow +tread +thrush's +foot, +jerks +hole +anyone +"reflex +action." +happens? +Certain +earthworm's +skin +stimulated +message +fibres +intermediary, +associative, +nerve-cells. +shunted. +nerve-fibres, +cell, +muscles, +contract. +took +happen +describe, +outline, +earthworm. +instantaneously. +establishing +enregistering +chains +answers +inborn, +requiring +learned. +brain; +act, +nerve-centres +response +happens, +cough +sneeze +occasion. +expression, +enregister +responses; +ascend +linked +occurrence +pulls +chain. +insectivorous +Venus's +fly-trap +shuts +Called +Tropisms +illustrated +"tropisms," +obligatory +makes, +adjusting +equilibrium +gravity, +currents, +moisture, +electricity, +contact. +moth +candle; +illumined +inequilibrium +results, +muscle-cells; +automatically +adjusts +flight +illumined; +candle. +business +candle, +utterly +artificial +item +adapted. +tropisms +rôle +Behaviour +instinctive +behaviour, +perfection +ants, +bees, +wasps. +inborn +capacities; +learned; +practice +improved +both; +species +sex +(for +female's +instincts +male's); +refers +importance, +occur +lifetime. +Moth +emerges +cocoon +bell-like +blossoms. +flower, +kneads +pill-like +stows +chin. +eggs +seed-box, +deposit +stigma +pollen. +pollen-tubes +pollen-nucleus +ovule, +seeds, +fraction +destroyed +cradles +eggs. +flowers, +secures +concatenation +repertory. +chain +compound +least, +suffused +awareness +backed +endeavour. +stereotyped +departed +noted +hive +wasps +exhibit +purely +occasion +error +initiative, +routine. +spice +element. +intelligent, +instinct +"lapsed +intelligence," +habitual +cease +control, +rests +unproved +hypothesis +entailed +race. +inspirations +calculating +boy +musical +plodding +Animal +Intelligence +strict +sense. +perceptual +inference, +profiting +learning +ideas. +variability; +adjustable +hinted +nonplussed; +circumstances +appreciative +relations. +experimenting +ideas, +_conceptual_ +contrasted +_perceptual_ +Reason, +credit +rational +conduct, +reach. +tentative +hereditary +enregistration +capacities +effective +response, +free, +chooses, +adventures. +masterfulness +controlled +agents, +behaviour--experimenting, +learning, +willing--has +Parental +Care +Mammals +crowning +trend +levels--the +well-advanced +offspring. +starfish +_Luidia_ +year, +conger-eels +fishes. +spawning +solving +survival. +prolific, +sow +broadcast +allows +infantile +mortality +obviates +necessity +care. +problem. +practise +survival +economised +Herbert +formulated +generalisation +frequency +attained. +safety +young, +viviparity. +ones +liberated +themselves. +send-off +chances +reduced. +varied +foothold +round. +archaic +_Peripatus_, +severe +meeting +environing +retention +offspring +mother, +fully-formed +green-flies, +prolific +viviparous, +viviparity +family. +flowering +stands +viviparity, +seed +embryos, +Viviparity +finds +illustrations +risks +many, +climax +mammals, +Duckmole +Spiny +Ant-eaters, +lay +eggs, +oviparous; +Marsupials, +grade, +prematurely, +stow +external +pouch; +others--the +Placentals--show +ante-natal +young. +mastery +haunts +progressive +stimulating +sea--the +brightly +illumined, +seaweed-growing +shelf +Continents. +littoral +zone +propitious +fresh +meet, +oxygenation +copious +seaweed +HOATZIN +INHABITS +BRITISH +GUIANA +newly +hatched +claws +thumb +climb +dexterity +wings +sustain +flight.] +_Photograph, +Museum +(Natural +History), +Wilson._ +PERIPATUS +widely +caterpillar. +affinities +insects. +velvety +skin, +diamond-like +eyes, +stump-like +defenceless, +weaponless +capture +insects +squirting +slime +S. +Berridge, +F.Z.S._ +ROCK +KANGAROO +CARRYING +ITS +YOUNG +POUCH +helpless +suck. +pouch, +fitting +mouths +teats +injects +milk. +please.] +haunt +worse +tenanted +representatives +infusorians +seashore +Cradle +Sea +open-sea +pelagic +includes +area. +easiest +crowding, +uniformity, +inexhaustible +"sea-meadows" +Algæ. +reincarnated +crustaceans, +utilised +carnivorous +turtles +toothed +whales. +picturing +anchor. +crabs +starfishes, +spend +youthful +birthplace +strength +honour +Deeps +Deep +Sea, +abyssal +area, +occupies +cold--an +eternal +winter; +utter +darkness--an +night--relieved +fitful +gleams +"phosphorescent" +pressure--2-1/2 +depth +2,500 +fathoms; +calm, +unbroken +silence, +monotony. +abysses, +run, +moribund +animalcules +unpromising +abundantly +tenanted, +insurgent +conquered. +colonising +times, +fauna +antique +types. +colonisation +food-débris, +millennium +millennium, +slope +shore. +Freshwaters +freshwaters, +river +lake, +pond +pool, +swamp +marsh. +colonised +migration +estuaries +rivers, +direct +brackish +swamp. +landlocked +corners +turned +basins. +freshwaters +representative, +diversely +contingencies--the +risk +dried +up, +winter, +floods +swept +Conquest +Dry +contingents +freshwaters. +worm +invasion, +fertile +soil, +invasion +air-breathing +Arthropods, +linkage +visitors, +Amphibians, +affection. +invasions, +minor +land-snails, +aquatic +try +Getting +significance. +capture, +protected, +ground. +_internal +surfaces_, +lungs, +oxygen-capture; +relatives +idea--of +oxygen-combustion, +tissues. +branching +air-tubes +thorough +aeration +impure. +predominance +punting, +pushed +pressing +lever +substratum. +tended +compact, +lifted +ground +limbs +trailing +jellyfish, +supported +earthworms, +centipedes, +snakes +explain, +burrower +eats +centipede's +legs, +snake +pushes +ventral +scales +ribs +attached. +Methods +Mastering +Difficulties +Terrestrial +restriction +attendant +plane, +dimensions. +surely +precise, +unless, +secured +finely +beetle +lobster +handicapped +frost, +defences +diverse +description, +hairs +woolly +caterpillars +fur +carapace +tortoises +armour +armadillos. +ways, +frogs +lethargic +secluded +retreat. +anyhow, +cradle. +ground, +devoured. +burying +hiding +nests, +carrying +birth. +family, +kindly +emotions. +consequences +followed. +Rischgitz._ +THOMAS +HENRY +HUXLEY +(1825-95) +zoologists, +unsurpassed +gifts +teacher +expositor. +service +gaining +education +popular +estimation. +championed +Evolutionism +courage +skill.] +BARON +CUVIER, +1769-1832 +founders +Comparative +Anatomy. +intellect, +Paris +youth +provinces, +director +France +peer +Empire. +opposed +Evolutionist +anatomical +genius.] +VARIOUS +METHODS +FLYING +SWOOPING +Gull, +feather-wing, +flier. +Fox-bat, +skin-wing, +Flying +Squirrel, +parachute +swoop +fly. +Fish, +pectoral +fins +volplanes +leap +sail +albatros +fashion.] +Finally, +dwelling +burrowers +climbers +trees, +returned +air. +asked, +curiosity +father +invention. +overcrowded, +inveterate +spirit +adventure +spurs +Conquering +Air +Pterodactyls, +bats. +successes, +failures, +attained +parachuting. +Fishes, +leaps +yards +heights, +taut +fluttering. +Frog +(_Rhacophorus_) +skims +branch, +Dragon +(_Draco +volans_) +Far +East, +already. +Phalangers, +Lemurs, +besides, +attaining +parachutists, +realised +advantages. +feeding +evade +stalking +carnivore +air; +distances; +situations; +migrations +migratory +Pacific +Golden +Plover +Hawaii +Alaska +alone. +PROCESSION +AGES +Record +established +succession +reading +Record. +elevated +depressed +ocean-troughs, +buckled +ranges +folded +gentler +hills +valleys. +weathered +borne +rivers +seas, +elsewhere +sandstones, +mudstones, +rocks. +Much +over, +amounts, +geologists, +67 +place, +time. +Use +Fossils +sediments +accumulating +age, +buried, +aid +read +past. +piecing +geologist +Devonian +Amphibians. +utilises +attempt +strata +disarranged. +fossil +complex. +vicious +here, +clear, +amphibians, +amphibians +reptiles, +reptiles +horses +elephants, +historical +samples +formed, +fossils, +eaten +library +damaged +looting +decay. +Geological +Time-table +inhabitants +conveniently +eras. +ancient, +mediæval, +mankind, +Palæozoic, +Mesozoic +Cenozoic +eras +whole. +Geologists +taken. +accumulation +Dividing +contributed +salt-accumulation +geological +periods, +likelihood +mark. +_total_ +_local_ +mile. +annual +estimated, +calculated. +certainty +reached. +table +(page +92) +_before +Cambrian_ +thirty-two +strata; +subsequent +fossil-bearing +twenty-one +miles--in +astounding +fact. +allotted +Pre-Cambrian +eras, +eighteen +Mesozoic, +Cenozoic, +grand +Establishment +Invertebrate +Stocks +Archæozoic +Proterozoic +eras) +fossils. +(Radiolarians) +shells +flint, +wallowed +primal +mud. +tells +little. +Knipe's +"Nebula +Man."_ +CAMBRIAN +PERIOD +Sponges, +Jellyfish, +Starfish, +Sea-lilies, +Water-fleas, +Trilobites] +TRILOBITE +Trilobites +Upper +Cambrian +Carboniferous +descendants +to-day. +jointed-footed +allied +Crustaceans +King-crabs. +roll +ring-armour.] +History)._ +GAMBIAN +MUD-FISH, +PROTOPTERUS +breathe +gills; +swim-bladder, +lung. +_double-breather_, +season, +inert +mud, +pipe +fills +gills +again. +Mud-nests +encasements +lung-fish +fish +lively.] +ARCHÆOPTERYX +(_After +Leche +Stockholm._) +restoration +bird, +Archæopteryx +(Jurassic +Era). +crow; +jaws; +fingers; +lizard-like +feathers, +proving +bird.] +WING +BIRD, +ARRANGEMENT +FEATHERS +longest +feathers +primaries +(PR) +fingers +(2 +3), +palm-bones +(CMC); +secondaries +ulna +bone +(U) +fore-arm; +tuft +(AS) +(TH).] +partly +delicate +build, +profoundly +repeatedly +liable +obliteration. +asked +accumulations +limestone +indicate +calcareous +algæ, +iron-forming +Bacteria. +Ancient +graphite +similarly +flourished +Era +(Palæozoic) +_Cambrian_ +backboneless +jellyfishes, +worms, +sea-cucumbers, +lamp-shells, +trilobites, +molluscs. +eloquent +begun +F. +waters. +_Ordovician_ +representation +Trilobites--jointed-footed, +antenna-bearing, +segmented +appendages +chitin. +died +Palæozoic +era. +Also +cuttlefishes, +bullies +appearance--an +evolved--destined +cuttlefishes +molluscs) +dominating +_Silurian_ +apace, +Silurian +scorpions, +ability +air--by +surfaces, +lungbooks. +Silurian, +aridity +mud-fishes +double-breathers +(Dipnoi), +lungs +gills. +utilising +disappears +lung-fishes +number, +Queensland, +America, +"living +fossils," +binding +amphibians. +adventurous +pioneer +scorpion +PICTORIAL +REPRESENTATION +SUCCESSIVE +STRATA +EARTH'S +CRUST, +WITH +SUGGESTIONS +CHARACTERISTIC +FOSSILS +E.g. +Fish +Trilobite +(red), +Amphibian +(blue), +Reptiles +Permian +(light +red), +Mammal +Triassic +Bird +Jurassic +(yellow), +Cretaceous +(white), +Tertiary +Quaternary +mammoth.] +_Devonian_ +period, +Old +Red +Sandstone, +periods +history. +discoverer +foot-print +_Thinopus_, +foot-print--an +vestige +stock +Amphibians +sprang, +While +feeling +exuberance +shark-like +heavily +armoured +LAND +Coal-measures +_Carboniferous_ +luxuriant +swampy +grounds. +period; +summer. +club-mosses +horsetails +pigmy +invaders +ran +riot +spiders, +cross-fertilisation +onwards +visitors +hand. +Cross-fertilisation +surer +wind, +advantageous +self-fertilisation +promotes +fertility +plasticity. +_coloured_ +flowers--attractive +insect-visitors--began +justify +beauty +useful, +relieve +monotonous +horsetail +club-moss +forests, +tracts +representing +invasions +They, +too, +preyed +giants, +Labyrinthodonts, +donkeys. +debris +forests. +Ages +afterwards, +tap +energy--traceable +sunshine +dies +itself! +fitly +indicating +implied. +promiseful +taxed +difficulties. +migrated +involved +transition. +be: +local +drying +water-basins +untenable; +congestion +competition +quarters; +undeniable +well-being +prompted +drought, +over-population, +adventure. +non-digitate +paired +toes. +grasping, +firm, +putting +mouth, +toads, +newts +salamanders +following: +three-chambered +heart, +movable +tongue, +drum +ear, +lids +eyes. +tongue +tadpole +muscle-fibres +recalling +Gradually, +frog, +strength, +full-grown +recapitulation +accomplished +millennia +acquisition +voice, +due, +ourselves, +membranes +(vocal +cords) +stretched +larynx. +sound +noise +wave, +thunder +avalanche. +Apart +instrumental +music +Carboniferous, +theirs +voice--surely -- 2.34.1